High rising of the buildings offers a number of risk factors than ever before with regard to fire prevention. Especially in the construction site of high-rise buildings, people waste golden-time during the evacuation because temporary fire fighting facilities are not installed and transferred to a large fire because of fire suppression failure. In this study, the researcher derives the problems of fire protection in high-rise buildings construction sites and proposed the measures in such the legal aspects as fireᆞ building construction code and etc. There are the legal improvements such as orders of construction suspension in the problems of fire safety, appointing fire safety manager, temporary fire protection installation standards, enhancing penalty provisions regarding the use of fire, operating self fire brigade, confirming on-site after completing fire-protection facalities, establishment or strengthening special fire-protection investigations

The objective of this study is to censure the provision of correct information to the public through investigating radon emanation by building materials that are used in domestic construction environment. Radon emanation has been identified in 10 framing materials and 16 finishing materials of 26 building materials used in the domestic construction-industry. Radon emanation was measured using the closed chamber method based on CR-39 nuclear track detectors(NTDs). On Brick-General in framing materials, the highest radon emanation rates were 0.60028 Bq/ m2·h for surface and 0.00733 Bq/kg·h for mass, while on Ceiling-Tex Cement Plaster in finishing materials. The highest radon emanation rates were 0.47708 Bq/m2·h for surface and 0.05885 Bq/kg·h for mass.

This study aims to examine the brief statement about the historiography of architecture by the French philosopher Michel Foucault and the possibility of a historical description according to his method. His historiographic proposition, “the history of architecture back in (the) general history of techne,” is a novel idea not only for his contemporaries but also for us. To grasp the meaning of Foucault’s proposition, we begin by considering his position with regard to architecture or architectural space in certain discussions till then. We then compare his standpoint on historical recognition with other viewpoints about historical narratives that can be found in books written since 1930. Finally, we interpret the concept of “techne” in the sense of “relation,” whose objectivation is for him his concern on architecture and examine possible aspects and their limits.

This study is on historiography of Modern Architecture since its beginning to present. As a critical review of the history of the writing history of Modern Architecture, this study tends to be a meta-history and criticism of historical text. This study try to analyse historiographical project of Modern architecture at specific phase since the beginning of modern architecture. The historiography of Modern architecture shows that writing a history is making a discourse of Modern architecture as a imaginative representation to define and justify Modernism in architecture. The analysis of canonic text since early 20th century proves that the history of writing history of Modern architecture played a critical role not only to shape of our ideal but the practice of architecture with a ideology construction in retrospect. With a name of truth or morality they made myths about the modernity in architecture. So we can find deep 'Hagelean Unconscious' in writing history of Modern architecture not even the first generation of historians but the second generation who were influenced by earlier writer in spite of their intention of revision and overcoming, which is in itself the key concept of Hegel's philosophy of History. Under this kind of 'operative' discourse our view point of Modern architecture were confined and the historiography of Modern architecture itself was narrowly defined as a kind of melodrama that a few architect and work of art matters. The rise of critical history fundamentally has changed the way of seeing and writing the history of Modern architecture. but it has also a new kind of dilemma as regard to writing history and involving practice. This review of historiography traces the texts of historians as like Pevsner, Giedion, Banham, Rowe, Tafuri, Frampton, and Curtis relating to different discours making. When we consider Benjamin's famous concept of constellation, writing history necessarily is a kind of montage making in time and we always need to recognize the historicity of historiography.

The purpose of this study is to identify ways of remodeling from the traditional hanok to the modern local governmental facility in 1910s. Analysing architectural drawings in the National Archives of Korea, 58 hanok remodeling cases of 52 facilities were verified like the provincial office, county office, county court from 1907 to 1910s. Using hanok as the local governmental building, exterior walls were all changed to the scaled-wooden wall like one of western-wooden building in 1910s and the western-style entrance was set. Change of the plan caused by remodeling interior walls had an intention of the centralized closed plan. Remodeled semi-outer corridor using the space of the eave became changed to the inner corridor with expansion of space. Expansion of hanok for spatial demand was in three ways. First was the expansion towards the eave space, second was direct extension from hanok, and last was the use of external corridor to the new building. Using the eave space was simple but had limitation of space, it was planed with other expansion ways. The way of direct extension was usually used than the one with the corridor, because it was more economical way.

This study aims to research the Kisho Kurokawa's architectural concepts and expressions that are comprised of various and complex theories system for Korean's globalization of architecture. Kurokawa's architectural concepts are composed by Metabolism, Metamorphosis and Symbiosis. And intermediate zone, ambiguity, multivalence are theories that work as media in changing process levels to three main concepts and these are used as media of Metamorphosis which embody Symbiosis. Metabolism include concepts of Metamorphosis and Symbiosis. Symbiosis is comprise of concepts of Metabolism and Metamorphosis, and is a ultimate goal of these three main concepts. Metamorphosis works as a medium in changing process levels from Metabolism to Symbiosis. The architectural expressions are embodied according to these main three concepts and theories of media in changing process levels. And these architectural expressions are analyzed by three elements as follows: form, material & color, structure & technique.

Radon is an inert gas, and a naturally occurring radioactive material. Radon is produced by radium and uranium. Generated radon causes lung cancer through the inhalation. Therefore, If uranium contaminated soil is close to indoor spaces, residents may be exposed to this radioactive material(Radon). Generally, radon affects the first to third floors of buildings. But our research team has often detected high radon concentration in the indoor air of high-rise apartments. The reason for this is that building materials containing uranium and radium are brought into apartments. This study was conducted an investigation into the radon emission rate of building materials being used in South Korea. Also, our team conducted an investigation into the radon emission rate of gypsum tiles and concrete found in an apartment(17th floor apartment indoor radon concentration 5.03 pCi/L, Rad- 7(DURRIDGECo.USA)). Finally, we investigated the radon emission rate of bricks containing the soil near a uranium mine. The average radon emission rates of general building materials are as followings: (gypsum board : 0.20·h-1/kg, gravel : 0.05, gypsum tile : 0.02, indoor tile : 0.08, general brick : 0.02, red clay tile : 0.02, concrete : 0.11, uranium mine soil : 4.81). The results regarding the radon emission rate from a 17th floor apartment’s building materials are as followings: (gypsum board : 0.70, concrete : N/A). The results regarding the radon emission rate from bricks containing soil near a uranium mine was 0.19. This experiment indicates that gypsum boards show the highest radon emission rate among general building materials. In particular, the radon emission rate from the gypsum boards in a 17th floor apartment was 3.5 times higher than general gypsum boards. Overall the results suggest that building materials that possess high levels of uranium emit more radon gas than any other materials. South Korea has not established legal regulations on radon emission from building materials. However, the results of this study strongly suggest that it is of the utmost importance to manage the radon emission rate of building materials and control their usage before construction.

연구는 Lipsky의 일선관료론을 바탕으로 인허가 분야 일 선관료의 재량에 대해 살펴보았다. 인허가 분야는 허가와 규제의 활동을 통하여 어느 행정영역보다도 일선관료의 재량권 이 발휘될 가능성이 높은 영역이다. 따라서 인허가 관료의 재량이 있는지, 재량 행위 유형은 무엇인지, 재량 행위 원인들은 무엇인지를 파악하기 위하여 선행연구 검토와 설문조사를 실시하였다. 대상은 수원시의 인허가 관료(환경위생과와 건축과)로 한정하였다. 전반적인 재량 행사 정도를 보면 재량은 거의 행사되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 법규가 미흡할수록 재 량 행사가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 남자가 여자보다 더 많은 재량권을 행사하는 것으로 나타났다. 재량 행위 유형에 따른 분석 결과에서 오직 고객통제를 종속변수로 삼는 모형만 이 유의미한 것으로 나타났고, 업무가 전문적일수록 고객통제가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Lipsky의 이론은 수원시 인허가 관료에 대해 충분히 설명하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 우리 나라 일선관료에 대한 좀 더 적실성 있는 이론 개발이 요청된다.

The purpose of this paper is to study on the architecture and extension project for the Church of St. Lorenzo. This study is composed of a through analysis of the extension elements on the church building and extension type for extension project of the Church of St. Lorenzo. The results of study are as follows: 1. The extension project for the Church of St. Lorenzo was basically consisted of the concept of a horizontal extension plan through both the interior and exterior space of the church building. This project was the plan of concept of additional or affixing extension through existing spaces with necessary spaces to make up for the previous simple space and form as well as functional aspect. 2. The unit spaces of the nave, the aisle, the small chapels bilaterally adorning the aisles, the transept and the chapels around transepts, and the sacristies by the extension project for the Church of St. Lorenzo is composed of regulation, balance and harmony as geometric space composition according to simple proportion system on whole and parts as well as parts and parts, through the definite articulation by each space zoning. 3. The most important innovative aspect different to previous churches in the extension project for the Church of St. Lorenzo is the compositive system of each other symmetrical spaces through long centrical axis of central part, applying the module system for horizontal arrangement. In particular, the use of regular module on repetition and proportion of rhythm from architectural composition system was precisely composed with the alter that consists of visual focus to express more accurate perspective.

본 논문은 루돌프 비트코워의 저서 『인본주의 시대의 건축원리』의 성공을 새롭게 보려는 시도이며, 이 저서가 미국 건축구조의 역사에 미친 영향을 고찰하고자 한다. 비트코워가 추구한 기하학적 혹은 수학적 원리와 그 적용의 연결고리를 제시하기 위하여, 리차드 벅민스터 풀러, 콘래드 왁스만, 로베르 르 리콜레, 펠릭스 사무엘리, 앤 팅의 작업을 분석한다. 논문의 1장은 제2차 세계대전 이후 『인본주의 시대의 건축원리』의 성과를 분석하며, 2장은 기하학, 형태, 성장 간의 관계를 3장에서 논의되는 기하학이 구조와 사전제작과 연결되는 점과 비교하여 고찰한다. 그리고 논문을 결론지으며 “비율의 가변적 개념”이 건축의 전망에 어떻게 영향을 주었는지를 살펴보고자 한다.

Constructions sites are affected by Diversity workplace, complexity of construction, Change of place, Mobility of workers and so on. In a single establishment, Prime contractors and subcontractors have to conduct their work at the same time. There are a lot of unpredictable risks when the construction is running, coordination between contractors is very important to do a risk assessment under the condition. Large Construction companies were investigated by previous studies. Survey research is applied to the risk assessment. In the writing, Risk assessment of the entire lower level. Because of the low level of risk factors to find. Also, There was a limit to investigate accidents. Confirmed that Effort to derive a risk factors were desperately of the risk assessment. Results were obtained through previous studies. The PCM is several experts should be joined. Experts Site Manager, Supervisor, Safety Manager, Director Contractor, Work team leader is required to participate. Construction plans, Process Planning to the risk find beforehand. And Determines how the operations and the control. Also, Made it into the database. and PCRA can be used in the risk assessment was developed.

한국과 중국은 근 20년간 수교를 하고 있고, 2001년 중국의 WTO가입으로 인해 양국 간의 금융산업의 교류도 확대되어 왔다. 한국의 은행들도 중국시장에 뛰어 들었고 현재 계속해서 그 수를 늘려가는 중이다. 본 연구에서는 중국내에 한국계 은행의 사례조사를 통해서 건축적인 특성을 연구하였다. 구체적인 방법으로는 먼저 한국의 문헌자료를 기초로 최근 발표된 연구논문을 주로 활용하였다. 그리고 국내외에서 발행된 저널과 통계연감 및 관련 보고서를 참조하였다. 본 연구는 중국내 한국계 은행에 관한 건축적인 자료가 부족해 은행 개설시 문제가 있음을 인지해, 중국내 한국계 은행을 개설할 때 도움을 주고 은행의 건축계획의 기본 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 공간구성의 특성을 정리하자면 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 첫째, 지리적 입지 측면에서 영업점이 도시의 요충지에 있어 낮은 브랜드 인지도를 만회하고 있다. 이는 입점건물의 이미지와 관리수준을 중요하게 고려해야하는 이유가 된다. 둘째, 공간기능적 측면에서 고객을 우선시한 동선계획을 적용해 고객을 위한 서비스공간을 많이 배정해 휴식공간으로서 느낄 수 있고 불필요한 공간을 최소화하여 업무를 쉽게 처리할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 중국내 한국계은행의 건축공간계획 특성에 대해 고찰하여, 은행점포의 건축계획 시 단순히 사용자에게 영업을 하는 공간이 아니라 공간사용자에게 결정의 변화와 행동의 변화, 아울러 심리적인 안정까지를 이끌어내는 것으로 결론을 도출하였다.

Through the changes of royal architectural bureau in Gungnaebu, this study attempts to find out the modern transition of traditional facilities belonging to Gungnaebu as well as the constituent of human resources in royal architectural bureau. Yeongseonsa, the royal architectural bureau in Gungnaebu after 1905, was comprised of traditional architectural engineers including Sim Euiseok, and they tried the modern transition of traditional royal facilities gradually. But, Yeongseonsa was transformed to Naejangwon Tomokgwa which was comprised of Kim Yungu and Japanese modern architectural engineers. As Kim Yungu was the modern civil engineer not architectural engineer, Japanese architectural engineers took the lead in the architectural activities of Naejangwon Tomokgwa, and Japanese architectural technology was applied to Korean royal facilities since then.

Asbestos was a general term applied to certain fibrous minerals long popular for their heat-resistance, tensile strength, acoustic insulation and inexpensive price. Despite its many uses, asbestos is a hazardous material. Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious health problems, such as lung cancer, asbestosis and mesothelioma. According to the compliance regulations for asbestos-related materials in Korea, all kindergartens have to be inspected for asbestos materials before April 2014. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of asbestos containing materials in kindergartens in Gwangju, Korea. We investigated 93 kindergartens between January and May in 2014. Asbestos types and contents were analysed using the polarized light microscopy (PLM). Kindergartens facilities that featured ACM(Asbestos Containing Material) included ceiling textiles that contained chrysolite/amosite in amounts between 2 and 5% and gaskets that contained chrysolite in amounts between 15 and 35%. Also, wall cement flat boards contained chrysolite in amounts between 10 and 15%. In this study, risk assessment of asbestos material showed that all kindergarten materials were classified as Low grade when assessed by the Korea Ministry of Employment and Labor guideline method.