The 1960s in Britain was the period of rapid economic and social change. Under this circumstance, the visionary architect Cedric Price designed the Fun Palace, of which idea came from the theatre producer, Joan Littlewood. They hoped this place to be an improvisational learning space, so Price proposed the building as ‘kit of parts’ which can respond to programmatic indeterminacy. Cybernetics was introduced to control this flexibility dramatically changed the character of the project from ‘theatre of people’ to ‘interactive machine’. That resulted in the change of the status of user from subjective human beings to abstract data in the cybernetic algorithm as well, and led the project to a completely opposite direction from that Price intended. After Fun Palace, cybernetics technology could still be found in his other projects, and it can be assumed that this was because the algorithmic system of cybernetics were on the same line of thought of Price’s idea ― anti-building or ‘kit of parts’. The effects of cybernetics varied in projects; Similar negative effect in Fun Palace can be found in Generator project, but on the other hand, in Potteries Thinkbelt project, cybernetics showed a positive aspect by contribution to the development of project on the formal analogy of algorithmic network.
This paper aimed to identify the architectural characteristics of the chimi excavated from ancient ruins, especially middle gate remains of Bunhwangsa Temple in the Unified Silla period. Middle gate had planned 3 × 2 with 295㎜ measuring unit and gabled building. Detailed study of the shape of chimi of the middle gate restored by related field experts reveals as follows. 1) Height of chimi is 4.5(130.6㎝) of Tang’s system of measurement classified as large one. 2) The front and back side square hole is made for transverse timber placement. 3) Position of chimi is not the end of the ridge of roof, it moved toward the center. 4) Construction method of chimi is structured with smaller beam and center column. 5) Width and height of the ridge is less than 38㎝ and 54㎝ to be approximately, Width and height of the gabled ridge is less than 38㎝ and 50㎝. 6) This chimi is considered to be very unique when compared to existing ancient restored chimis, it is designed to be advantageous to the chimi construction.
The main objective of this study is to analyze the preservation and management for the city wall ruins of China, and to find out the implications. Firstly, Chinese walls have experienced a process from demolition to protection. The walls of the historical value of the site are gradually being certified, and many walls ruins were designated as a conservation unit. Secondly, China’s institutional system is based on the central government issued Cultural Relics Protection Law and combined with the actual situation of local governments to establish a special law. Management System is Cultural Relics Bureau, the planning department, the garden department and the tourism sector joint implementation. Thirdly, through the study of Nanjing, Xian, Pingyao, Suzhou city wall ruins finding that perfect legislation and unified management system to help protect city wall ruins.