Various non-destructive test have been developed to predict the setting time of concrete. Through the electrical resistivity method(Wenner’s four electrode method), the effect of chemical admixture(AE admixture and superplasticizer) added for setting time of concrete mixtures is confirmed. As a result, it is observed that AE admixture dose not affect to change of concrete microstructure but delaying on setting time, and superplasticizer is affected not delaying on setting time, but changing in concrete’s microstructure

In the work, HPC (High Performance Concrete) samples are prepared with 3 levels of W/B (water to binder) ratios of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.27 and 3 levels of replacement ratios of 0%, 30% and 50%. Several tests containing chloride diffusion coefficient, passed charge, and compressive strength are performed considering age effect of 28 days and 180 days. Chloride diffusion is more reduced in OPC concrete with lower W/B ratio, and GGBFS concrete with 50% replacement ratio shows significant reduction of chloride diffusion in higher W/B ratio. At the age of 28 days, GGBFS concrete with 50% replacement ratio shows more rapid reduction of chloride diffusion than strength development, which reveals that abundant GGBFS replacement has effective resistance to chloride penetration even in the early-aged condition.

The condition assessment of the road tunnel is based on the judgment of the responsible engineer about the expansion joint. The evaluation result is divided into the span unit or the sheet unit when calculating the evaluation result. Therefore, it was divided into span units and sheet units and the actual difference was compared.

Various non-destructive test have been developed to predict the setting time of concrete. Through the electrical resistivity method(Wenner’s four electrode method), the effect of chemical admixture(AE admixture and superplasticizer) added for setting time of concrete mixtures is confirmed. As a result, it is observed that AE admixture dose not affect to change of concrete microstructure but delaying on setting time, and superplasticizer is affected not delaying on setting time, but changing in concrete’s microstructure

In the work, HPC (High Performance Concrete) samples are prepared with 3 levels of W/B (water to binder) ratios of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.27 and 3 levels of replacement ratios of 0%, 30% and 50%. Several tests containing chloride diffusion coefficient, passed charge, and compressive strength are performed considering age effect of 28 days and 180 days. Chloride diffusion is more reduced in OPC concrete with lower W/B ratio, and GGBFS concrete with 50% replacement ratio shows significant reduction of chloride diffusion in higher W/B ratio. At the age of 28 days, GGBFS concrete with 50% replacement ratio shows more rapid reduction of chloride diffusion than strength development, which reveals that abundant GGBFS replacement has effective resistance to chloride penetration even in the early-aged condition.

In this study, groundwater flow was analyzed targeting Dae-jeong watershed, which exhibited the largest variations of groundwater levels at the identical elevation points among the 16 watersheds of Jeju Island. The issues of the methods applied in practice were identified and improvement plans were suggested. This groundwater-flow estimates derived by applying hydraulic conductivity values onto zones of equal topographic ground level were found to be quite different from actual measured groundwater flow. Conversely, groundwater-flow estimates that utilized hydraulic conductivity values applied onto groundwater-level equipotential lines indicated relatively lesser divergences from actual measured groundwater flow. The reliabilities of the two approaches were assessed for 60 randomly selected points on DEM (digital elevation model) maps, The method using hydraulic conductivity values applied onto groundwater-level contours turned out to be the more reliable approach for the Dae-jeong watershed in Jeju Island.

Water quality in Nakdong river was analyzed using 699 monitoring data sets including flow rates and water quality concentrations collected at 195 tributary monitoring stations (the priority management areas: 35 stations, the non-priority management areas: 160 stations) in 2015. The highest average concentrations of all data for BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, SS, and TOC were 30 600 times higher than the lowest concentrations while the highest average loading rates were 800,000 2,700,000 times higher than the lowest loading rates. Because of the very large differences in the concentrations and loading rates, the variation of the concentrations and loading rates in a priority management monitoring station for BOD, T-P, and TOC was analyzed using the coefficient of variation, the ratio of the standard deviation value to the mean value. For BOD, T-P, and TOC, the coefficients of variation for concentration were mostly less than 100%, whereas the coefficients of variation for loading rate ranged from 31.1% to 232.2%. The very big difference in the loading rates was due to the large variation in flow rates. As a result of this, the estimation of water quality at each monitoring station using the average values of the concentrations and loading rates might be not rational in terms of their representativeness. In this study, new water quality analysis methods using all collected monitoring data were suggested and applied according to the water quality standard in medium-sized management areas.

Ranula refers to mucous retention cyst or mucocele that develops on the oral floor and it appears most frequently among oral masses derived from salivary glands. Ranula that is extended into submandibular space or into other cervical spaces due to defective mylohyoid muscle is particularly called plunging ranula. Various types of treatments have been conducted for ranula: surgical treatments such as simple excision, marsupialization, and removal of sublingual gland; and sclerotherapy utilizing OK-432 (Picibanil) are being reported. We performed concurrent excision of ranula and sublingual gland through intraoral approach. This technique leaves no post-surgical scars and shows very low recurrence rate and incidence rate of complications. Therefore, in this study, we would like to analyze the treatment methods and results of our patients.

감마나이프 방사선수술은 일회에 고방사선량을 조사하는 치료 전략에 기초하기 때문에 렉셀감마플랜의 결과물에 대한 독립적 인 검증은 환자의 안전성을 보장하고 치료 오류의 위험을 최소화하는데 중요한 절차 중 하나이다. 기존에 개발된 여러 검증 방법들의 구현을 통해 통계적으로 검토하고 치료에 시도했다. 이 연구의 목적은 감마나이프 치료에 대해 제안된 여러 검증방법의 정확도를 적용하고 평가하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서 감마나이프방사선 수술에 의해 치료된 두개 내 병변을 가진 10명의 환자가 포함되었다. 우리는 최대 선량, 임의의 점에서의 선량, 등선량중심점에서의 치료시간에 관하여 제안된 알고리즘과 렉셀감마플랜으로 획득한 데이터를 비교 하 였다. 모든 데이터는 두 개의 상이한 측정 기법을 비교하기 위해 사용되는 통계적 방법인 대응표본 t 검정에 의해 분석되었다. 10가지 사례에서 최대 선량의 통계적 유의성은 제안된 검증방법과 렉셀감마플랜 사이에 관찰되지 않았다. 평균 최대 선량의 차이는 –0.53 Gy에서 3.71 Gy범위내였다. 제안된 검증방법과 렉셀감마플랜에 의해 계산된 임의의 점에서의 선량 또한 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 우리는 등선량중심점에서의 치료시간에 대한 조직최대비율 알고리즘과 렉셀감마플랜사이에 p= 0.021인 통계적인 차이가 발견되었다. 통계적 분석에 의하면 제안된 검증방법은 감마나이프 방사선 수술의 최상의 치료계획을 위해 최대 선량과 임의의 점에서의 선량을 고려할 때 렉셀감마플랜과 상당히 일치한다고 볼 수 있다. 제안된 검증방법들은 과다선량 조사 가능성을 최소화하기 위한 통상적인 정도관리절차의 일부분으로 통합될 수 있다고 여겨진다.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the influence of vigor of a bearing shoot in ‘Bluecrop’ Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) on growth characteristics of shoots and fruits. Bearing shoots were classified with BS (bearing shoot) and BMB (bearing mother branch). The vigor of bearing shoots were divided into four arbitrary categories; A was thin (< 6.0 ㎜) BMB and short (< 10 ㎝) BS, B was thin BMB and long (≥ 10 ㎝) BS, C was thick (≥ 6 ㎜) BMB and short BS and D was thick BMB and long BS. Shoots from D were longer (6.5 ㎝) and thicker (1.70 ㎜) than those from the others. Shoots of D had more leaves (5.8 ea) than those of the others. Leaf area of D was larger (13.5 ㎠) than those of the others. The first harvest of D was one week faster than the others. Ratio of big berry (> 14 ㎜) from the long BSs was higher (B : 41.7, D : 46.8%) than that from the short BSs. Soluble solid content of small berrys did not show any different according to vigor of bearing shoots, but soluble solid content of big berrys of the long BSs was higher (B : 16.2, D : 15.6 o Bx) than those of the short BSs. The thickness of BMB did not affect ratio of fruit size and soluble soild content. The long BSs would be proper than the short BSs for bearing bigger fruits.

Tunnel were the inverse analysis based on the crown displacement calculated based on the generation of the result 63.80mm crown displacement measurement result. Three-dimensional inverse analysis up to the crown displacement was 60.7mm has occurred, which was considered similar to a two-dimensional inverse analysis 63.6mm.*

Tunnel were the inverse analysis based on the crown displacement calculated based on the generation of the result 63.80mm crown displacement measurement result. Inverse result was mainly to review the most significant impact on the interpretation weathed rock modulus of elasticity was smaller than the measurement when evaluating design values.*

In this study, discover vulnerable elements of Road Tunnel by database and analyzing inspection reports. And provide the data so that can explore ways to improve and feedback.

The purpose of this study is a image processing program development to consider the domestic situation of GPR detection. Therefore the image processing program will be developed to extract and to visualize the measured raw data.

IMO에서는 선박온실가스 규제를 위해 2013년부터 현존선의 선박에너지효율관리계획인 SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan)의 시행을 강제화하고 있다. SEEMP에서 권고하는 에너지절감기술 가이드라인은 크게 하드웨어적인 장비의 탑재 및 개조 또는 소프트웨어적인 기술을 통한 연료유 절감효과로 구분된다. 신조선의 경우 하드웨어적인 기술구현이 용이하지만 현존선의 경우 운항상 제약으로 인해 소프트웨어적인 에너지 절감기술 구현이 적용되고 있다. IT기반의 선박에너지절감 시스템 성능평가를 위해 해상시험을 수행 하였고, 시스템 적용 전후의 항차데이터를 이용하여 연료유 절감효과를 비교·분석 하였다. 또한, SEEMP에서 자발적인 사용을 권고하고 있는 선박 경제운항 지표 (EEOI, Ship Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator) 분석을 통한 성능평가 결과를 제시하였다.

The utilization of renewable energy will be an inevitable situation in the future because of the acceleration of climate change and depletion of fossil fuels. Waste and biomass are major sources of renewable energy. In the near future, biomass will become the main resource of renewable energy in the world. However, in case of Korea, obtaining a stable supply of biomass is difficult. To overcome this problem, we need to import biomass from other countries. Palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is known to be a good biomass resource, which is treated by either landfill or incineration in Indonesia and Malaysia. EFB could be used as feedstock for gasification for energy recovery as a gas fuel. Generally, biomass gasification has more stable operation than waste gasification. Nevertheless, biomass gasification generates lots of tar in syngas because of the lignin content in biomass, which may cause problems for gas engines and other processes. In this study, gasification experiments as well as qualitative analysis were conducted for determining syngas characteristics with tar content. Tar sampling and analysis were performed under various conditions by changing the flow rate, sampling time, and sampling gas flow. Measuring the tar content in syngas during the gasification process was also proposed

Rebound hammer test, SonReb method and concrete core test are most useful testing methods for estimate the concrete compressive strength of deteriorated concrete structures. But the accuracy of the NDE results on the existing structures could be reduced by the effects of the uncertainty of nondestructive test methods, material effects by aging and carbonation, and mechanical damage by drilling of core. In this study, empirical procedure for verifying the in-situ compressive strength of concrete is suggested through the probabilistic analysis on the 268 data of rebound and ultra-pulse velocity and core strengths obtained from 106 bridges. To enhance the accuracy of predicted concrete strength, the coefficients of core strength, and surface hardness caused by ageing or carbonation was adopted. From the results, the proposed equation by KISTEC and the estimation procedures proposed by authors is reliable than previously suggested equation and correction coefficient.

The aim of this study is to confirm the importance of a more immediate advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) through a comparative analysis of the results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the occurrence place of cardiac arrest in tertiary emergency department. The subjects were 493 patients who had received CPR in Chosun university, Emergency Medical Department, between April 2013 and March 2015. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to the occurrence place of cardiac arrest: pre-hospital, in-emergency room, and in-ward. We conducted a clinical analysis of the results. During the period, 493 cardiac arrest patients underwent CPR, 63 patients (12.8%) were discharged alive and 41 patients (8.3%) got a good score on the cerebral performance category (CPC). Concerned occurrence place of cardiac arrest, 11.3% (16 patients) of the in-emergency room group (total 288 patients) were discharged alive. Also, 9.4% (27 patients) of the In-emergency room group got a good score on the CPC. In the other two-group cases, 7.1% (10 patients) of pre-hospital group (total 141 patients) and 6,2% (4 patients) of in-ward group (total 64 patients) got a good score on the CPC. These results indicate that both the rates of alive discharge and a good CPC score of the in-emergency room group are higher than in out-of-emergency room. This difference might be due to the fact that patients could get the more immediate ACLS by emergency medicine doctors if cardiac arrest occurs in emergency room than other places.