신재생에너지원 중 가장 큰 비율을 차지하고 있는 폐기물은 소각, 매립 등으로 폐기되고 있다. 그러나 생활폐기물 에너지화에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 진행됨에 따라, 현재 생활폐기물 처리시설에서는 SRF생산 공정을 도입하고 있는 추세이다. SRF는 평균 3,500 kg/kcal의 발열량을 나타내며, 대체연료로써 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 SRF는 성형을 위한 추가적인 비용이 필요하기 때문에, 비성형 폐기물의 에너지화 기술에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 폐기물 에너지화 기술 중 가스화는 고형시료를 합성가스로 전환하는 기술로 저급연로를 고 효율화를 기대할 수 있다. 본 연구는 8ton/day 용량 pilot-scale 비성형 고형연료 가스화 공정에서 수행되었으며, 대기오염 방지시설은 사이클론, 열교환기, 탈염/탈질/탈황 장비, 습식 전기집진기, 수분제거장치로 구성되어 있다. 위의 공정에서 최근 문제가 되고 있는 미세먼지를 다단입경분석기를 이용하여 채취하였다. 채취된 시료는 건조 및 무게측정을 통해 대기오염 방지시설 구간별 미세먼지 분포를 살펴보았고, 각 대기오염 방지시설별 제어효율을 도출하였다. 추가적으로 채취된 입도별 미세먼지 시료는 ICP-MS분석을 통해 K, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb에 대한 거동을 살펴보았다.

도시생활폐기물소각재(MSWI ash)을 매립하게 되면 장기적으로 중금속이 침출된다. 급속탄산화를 통하여 MSWI ash 내의 중금속을 탄산염 형태로 고정하여, 중장기적으로 침출을 방지할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 급속 탄산화 방법을 통하여 소각재인 fly ash의 중금속 저감 및 이산화탄소 저감에 대해 수행하였다. NH4OH, NH4SCN, 및Ca(OH)2를 이용하여 test 하였으며, 소각재의 중금속을 탄산화 전, 후를 비교하여 중금속이 침출량을 비교 하였다. 추가적으로 이산화탄소가 fly ash에 포집된 이산화탄소 저감량을 나타내면서 이산화탄소 흡수제의 재사용 가능성을 확인하였다. 흡수제를 재생하는 과정에서 나온 CO32-이온에 의해 탄산화 된 금속염들의 성분 분석을 위해, XRD (X-ray diffraction analyzer(Ultima Ⅳ))를 사용하였다. 그리고 FE-SEM(Field emission scanning electron microscope, JEOL-7800)으로 filtering후 건조시킨 샘플과 fly ash의 표면구조를 촬영하고 비교하였다.

중금속에 의한 토양 오염이 국가적인 환경문제로 대두되면서 오염된 토양의 정화 기술 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 (구) 장항제련소의 중금속 오염부지에 대한 1차 정화사업이 완료되었고, 2차 사업이 진행되면서 토양세척기술이 가장 현실적인 중금속 오염 토양을 정화할 수 있는 기술로 인식되고 있다. 그러나, 토양세척공정은 75μm 미만의 미세토양에 대해서는 중금속의 화학적 추출이 거의 일어나지 않는다고 알려져 있어, 논토양과 같이 미세토 함량이 높은 부지에 대해서는 적용하더라도 그 효율이 낮아 폐기물로 버려지는 토양의 양이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미세토양에서 중금소의 추출 효율을 높이기 위해 중금속이 토양에서 어떠한 결합형태를 가지고 있는지와 중금속의 광물학적 특성을 고려하여 새로운 토양세척 공정을 제안하였다. 결합형태 분석을 통해 토양과 중금속의 결합강도에 대한 정보를 알 수 있으며, 기기분석을 통한 중금속의 광물학적 특성 분석을 통해 해당 중금속의 용해도에 대한 정보를 확인할 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해 제안된 공정을 비소, 납, 아연과 같은 중금속 오염 토양의 실험실 규모 정화에 적용하여 처리 효율 평가하였다. 비소의 경우 미세토만을 대상으로 실험한 결과 우려기준 이내로 정화할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

범정부적으로 2016년부터 유기성 폐수슬러지 해양배출이 전면 금지되고 육상처리를 권장하고 있어 주로 산업체에서 배출하는 폐수슬러지 육상처리 비용이 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되며 따라서 슬러지 처리의 어려움으로 산업체의 경쟁력을 저하할 것으로 예상된다. 산업폐수 및 일부 하수슬러지에는 다양한 중금속과 미생물 분해가 어려운 유기물이 다량 포함되어 있어 기존 기술로 처리가 곤란한 실정이다. 육상처리 기술 중에서 비용이 저렴한 방법은 주로 매립에 준하는 것이므로 슬러지에 포함된 유기물에 의해 지구온난화지수(GWP)가 이산화탄소보다 21배 높은 메탄을 다량 배출하고 있으며, 중금속에 의한 지하수와 토양 오염이 우려된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 중금속 함유 산업슬러지를 건조 후 용융로에서 보조연료와 열분해 가스로 1,500℃이상의 고온 화염을 형성하여 폐수슬러지에 포함된 회분과 중금속을 용융 슬래그로 배출․유리화함으로써 분진 발생 감소와 회분에 포함된 중금속성분의 용출을 방지할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 건조 폐수슬러지를 용융하기 위하여 용융로 및 2차버너를 제작하여 용융실험을 수행하였으며, 열 회수 장치를 설치하여 열 회수 실험 또한 수행하였다.

Generally, metal working fluids (MWFs) are used to reduce friction in metalworking processes. In addition to mineral oils, MWFs contain many chemical substances, such as anticorrosive agents, extreme-pressure additives, and stabilizers, as well as high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen. Accordingly, MWFs must be managed to advanced treatment for hydro-ecological conservation. This study investigated the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen from MWFs according to operating time, applied voltage, distance between electrodes, and NaCl concentration using aluminum in a batch-type reactor. The experimental results were as follows: First, without NaCl, removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen were 69.6%, 37.9%, and 22.7%, when the distance between electrodes was adjusted to 1, 4, and 7 cm, respectively, at 15 V for 60 min. Secondly, without NaCl, removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen were 49.5 and 90.9% when the voltage was adjusted to 5 V and 10 V, respectively, for 60 min and 94.6% at 15 V for 40 min. Lastly, with the addition of NaCl 10 mM, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was 40.3% and 11.5% greater than that of no addition of NaCl at 5 V for 60 min and at 10 V for 30 min.

The flow of products containing valuable metal resources after discharging to waste means that it is necessary to form a plan to improve resource circulation to enhance the circulation of metal resources. In this study, waste resource circulation flow analysis of products containing cobalt and palladium after disposal was performed by classifying five stages: (1) discharge/import, (2) collection/discarding, (3) pretreatment, (4) resource recovery, and (5) product production/export. The mobile phone was one of products which were the most generating cobalt. Discharged cobalt was kept for processing or was produced as pure cobalt, cobalt oxide, or cobalt sulfate, and was used as a raw material for locks, speakers, AlNiCo magnets, tire, batteries, etc. The total amount of cobalt in the waste products was 994 tons and the recycling rate was 53.7%, indicating that 543 ton of cobalt was recycled. Palladium was discharged from waste electrical and electronic products, precious metals, petrochemical catalysts, vehicles catalysts at the end of their life, and medical equipment (dental). The palladium recovered by pre-treatment and resource recovery was recycled as a metal resource or exported. The amount of palladium recycled was 2.412 tons, of which a total of 2.512 or 96% tons is estimated to be recycled. Future research may be necessary to suggest institutional improvements, including the waste resource classification and market expansion for the recycling in the five steps based on the results of this study.

Recently, Advanced water treatment facilities with Ozone are being introduced domestically. However, waterproofing/corrosion prevention construction method of concrete structure for existing advanced water treatment makes waterproofing/corrosion prevention materials and concrete deteriorated because of strong oxidation of ozone. Therefore, in this study, It was evaluated in ozone resistance and bond strength of metal spraying coating.

본 연구는 폐금속광산인 복수광산 주변토양을 대상으로 X선형광분석법, X선회절분석법 및 휴 대용 분광계를 이용하여 토양 내 광물조성을 확인하고 비소, 납, 아연, 구리, 카드뮴 등의 중금속오염 정도에 따른 분광특성을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 대조군 시료를 제외한 모든 시료에서 토양오염대책기준 을 초과하였다. X선회절분석 결과 모든 토양시료에서 석영, 고령토 그리고 스멕타이트 군의 광물이 검출되었고 중금속은 점토광물에 흡착하여 존재함을 확인하였다. 분광분석을 통해 대조군시료와 중금 속 오염시료의 분광곡선을 분석한 결과 토양 내 중금속 함량이 증가함에 따라 근적외선대역과 단파적 외선의 단파장 영역에서 반사도가 감소함을 확인하였다. 또한 흡광깊이에 따른 오염도와의 상관성을 고려하여 본 결과 점토광물의 흡광특성인 2312 nm와 2380 nm에서 점토광물에 의한 중금속흡착에 따 라 오염도가 높을수록 흡광깊이가 감소하는 특징을 보인다. 이는 분광학적 특성이 중금속의 오염도와 상당한 상관성이 있음을 지시한다.

In this study, content and leaching tests of heavy metals (14 items) were analyzed to evaluate the recyclability of the sludge from wastewater treatment facilities. Additionally, this was compared with and examined with the standard of controlled waste, certification standards of compost materials, etc. In the results of the content test, Cr6+ (30.82 mg/kg) of waste from the leather, fur, and textile industries (EWC 04) and Cr6+ (103.13 mg/kg) of waste from the manufacture formulation, supply, and use of coatings (EWC 08) were higher than the proposed criteria of Cr6+ (20 mg/kg). The high level of Cr6+ concentration was observed because of the use of sodium dichromate and chromic anhydride in the materials of dyestuffs and pigments and ink in the EWC 04 and EWC 08 processes. The results on sludge in this study did not meet the standard of the Fertilizer Control Act and quality standard of fuels. In particular, the high levels of Pb and Cd was the main reason.

This study investigates the characteristics of metallic and ionic elements concentration, concentration according to transport path, and factor analysis in PM10 at Guducsan in Busan in the springtime of 2015. PM10 concentration in Guducsan and Gwaebeopdong were 59.5± 9.04 ㎍/㎥ and 87.5±20.2 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Contribution rate of water-soluble ions and secondary ion in PM10 concentration in Guducsan were 37.0% and 27.8% respectively. [NO3 -/SO4 2-] ratio and contribution rate of sea salt of PM10 in Guducsan and Gwaebeopdong were 0.91 and 1.12, 7.0% and 5.3%, respectively. The results of the backward trajectory analysis indicates that PM10 concentration, total inorganic water-soluble ions and total secondary ions were high when the air parcels moved from Sandong region in China than non-Sandong and northen China to Busan area. The results of the factor analysis at Guducsan indicates that factor 1 was anthropogenic source effects such as automobile emissions and industrial combustion processes, factor 2 was marine sources such as sea salts from sea, and factor 3 was soil component sources.

Background: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) that is used as a food material has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently the demand for functional foods and drugs has increased. The present study was carried out to determined of contents of residual sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, ash, acid insoluble ash and curcuminoids in turmeric from the Seoul Yak-ryeong market. Methods and Results: A total of 31 samples were obtained. Residual sulfur dioxide was not detected in any samples. Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) were analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) and a mercury analyzer and were detected in the ranges of 0.00 - 0.28, 0.00 - 0.07, 0.00 - 0.29 and 0.002 - 0.027㎎/g respectively. No significant difference were observed between the average heavy metal contents of domestic and imported tumeric. However, average content of ash in domestic samples (7.8%) were significantly higher than that in imported samples (6.1%), whereas that of curcuminoids was significantly higher in imported samples (47.6㎎/g) than in domestic samples (11.2㎎/g). The average content of acid insoluble ash was not significantly different between two sample types (0.9% in each). Conclusions: There are no specific standards for turmeric used as food materials. Therefore, this study can be provided as basic data for the establishment of quality standards for turmeric.

This study is the adhesion strength of the sprayed metal in accordance with a proportion ratio of the Zn-Al. Results showed the most excellent adhesion strength for metal spraying Al100 For the metal spraying Zn100, ZnAl85, ZnAl95 exhibited a similar level of adhesion strength results.

Recently, Advanced water treatment facilities with Ozone are being introduced domestically. However, waterproofing/corrosion prevention construction method of concrete structure for existing advanced water treatment makes waterproofing/corrosion prevention materials and concrete deteriorated because of strong oxidation of ozone. Therefore, in this study, As a one of studies for improving durability of advanced water treatment plant applied by metal spray system, electrochemical corrosion protection of metal spraying film according to surface treatment in pH 5 acid solution which is similar to pH concentration in real ozone treatment was evaluated..

In this paper, the heavy metal leaching of mortar substituted the crushed waste glass as fine aggregate are evaluated. From the results, when the heavy weight waste glass substitution ratio increase, leching quantities of heavy metal is increased. Therefore, it is needed that the characteristics of heavy metal leching according to waste glass substitution ratio in mortar specimens.

Development of appropriate construction technology at frozen soil environments for developing resources is essential. However, cathodic protection technology using monitoring at frozen soil environments is lack. In this study, we want to build a real-time monitoring system at frozen soil environments through corrosion monitoring using type of gavanic metal

In this study, the leaching characteristics of magnesium from mine residue by acid leaching method was studied. First, It was confirmed the effect of the particle size. The particle size was selected 80 mesh in consideration of the leaching amount and recycling rate of Mg. And after, It was compared to the leaching characteristics of magnesium by H2SO4, HCl and HNO3. Among them, leaching efficiency of H2SO4 was best. After the experiments were conducted with H2SO4. The effect of various parameters such as acid concentration, reaction temperature, and liquid/solid ratio on the leaching process were investigated. It was determined that the leaching amount of magnesium increased with reaction acid concentration, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio, and decreasing particle size. Maximum leaching amount of magnesium was obtained at the condition of particle size blow 80 mesh, temperature 80oC, 6 M H2SO4, 10/1 liquid/solid ratio, 6 h of reaction time and 180 rpm.

The amount of food waste is generated every year in Korea. Despite food waste contain a large amount of valuable organic resources, The rate of recycling is low because of high moisture contents and sodium. It proposed a solution to the problem is the Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. The Bio-char is produced by HTC allows to increase the recycling uses. The agents of heavy metal adsorption are mainly used with lime and activated carbon. However, these have difficulties such as low economical feasibility and solubility. This study focused on the application of the adsorbent. It is expected to have advantages in heavy metal waste water like Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) or industrial effluent. In this study, the adsorption capacity of bio-char was measured with the conditions of the time and the amount of bio-char inputs to remove in the artificial AMD. Artificial waste water 10 ppm and 100 ppm was prepared using Cu, Pb, Cd, As, and analyzed a batch-test to find the optimum condition. The experimental results showed The optimal blending ratios with activated bio-char and contaminated water were 1 : 20 for high concentration (100 ppm), 1 : 100 for low concentration (10 ppm). As the results, the absorption efficiency of the heavy metals, shows more than 99% except for arsenic.

This study was performed to find the effect of Enteromorpha prolifera as a biosorbent on the removal of heavy metals such as lead, copper, zinc and cadmium from the synthetic wastewater. The biosorption experiment was conducted using biomass of dried Enteromorpha prolifera, which has caused environmental pollution issues in oceans and lakes. To find the physico-chemical characteristics and adsorption capacity, parameters such as biosorbent dosage, initial heavy metal concentration, pH value of solution, contact time which influence the effects on heavy metals removal were changed and the optimum values were found through batch test. The experimental results showed that the sequence for adsorption capacity of heavy metals by Enteromorpha prolifera was Pb2+> Cu2+> Cd2+> Zn2+. The optimum conditions of pH, contact time and dosage of biosorbent were pH 5.0, 60 min. and 0.5 g/L, respectively. As initial heavy metal concentration increased, the adsorption capacity increased up to 17.53 mg/g for Pb with 98% removal efficiency. From the adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, the biosorption pattern of Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd was well described using Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherm with their R2 values of 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The sorption kinetics followed pseudosecond order kinetic models and thus supported chemical sorption rather than internal diffusion. The work clearly indicates the potential of using Enteromorpha prolifera as an excellent adsorbent for heavy metal removal in industrial wastewater.

This study evaluates heavy metal(Cu and Cr) adsorption characteristics produced from food waste charcoal extracted in an optimal operation condition after analyzing activated charcoal of iodine adsorption and heavy metals that derived from an activation process of carbide by the developed by-products of food waste treatment facility using the methods from previous studies. As experiment apparatus, this study used a tube-shaped high temp furnace. The mixing ratio of by-products of food waste treatment facility, carbide, and activation component(ZnCl2) was 1:1. The experiment was proceeded as adjusting the activation temperature from 400 to 800℃ and activation time from 30 to 120 minutes. The optimal activation condition for iodine absorption was 90 minutes at 700℃ and by using the produced food waste charcoal, this study conducted an experiment on absorption of heavy metals (Cu and Cr) as changing pH of artificial wastewater and stirring time. As a result, pH 7 showed the highest heavy metal decontamination ratio and in terms of stirring time, it revealed balance adsorption after 10 minutes. This result can be particularly applied as basic data for recyclability of high concentration organic waste, by-products of food waste treatment facility, as an food waste charcoal.

The response of the freshwater microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, to heavy metal stress was examined based on chlorophyll fluorescence analysis to assess the toxic effects of heavy metals in freshwater ecosystems. When toxic effects were analyzed using regular chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, photosystem II activity(Fv/Fm) decreased significantly when exposed to Cu2+ and Hg2+ for 12 h, and decreased in the order of Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ when exposed for 24h. The effective photochemical quantum yield(Φ′PSII), chlorophyll fluorescence decrease ratio(RFd), minimal fluorescence yield(Fo), and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ), but not photochemical quenching(qP), responded sensitively to Hg2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+. These results suggest that Fv/Fm, as well as Φ′PSII, RFd, Fo, and NPQ could be used to assess the effects of heavy metal ions in freshwater ecosystems. However, because many types of heavy metal ions and toxic compounds co-occur under natural conditions, it is difficult to assess heavy metal toxicity in freshwater ecosystems. When Chlorella was exposed to heavy metal ions for 12 or 24h, Fv/Fm and maximal fluorescence yield(Fm) changed in response to Hg2+ and Cu2+ based on image analysis. However, assessing quantitatively the toxic effects of several heavy metal ions is challenging.