This study investigated the effect of May 31, 2022 Miryang wildfire on fine particle concentrations in Busan and Gimhae, which are neighboring urban areas. In addition, fine particle characteristics and air pollution concentrations were investigated in Miryang, where haze occurred. The Miryang city wildfire that occurred on May 31, 2022, at 0925 LST, was driven by strong north winds and increased fine particle concentrations in Dongsangdong and Jangyoodong, Gimhae City, which are approximately 35 km to the southeast and south, respectively, of the wildfire occurrence site. Furthermore, the fine particle concentration in Myeongjidong, which is approximately 50 km south-southeast of the wildfire site, exhibited a temporary increase at 1400 LST owing to the effects of wildfire smoke. On the morning of June 1, the day after the fire, the Miryang area had very bad visibility because of the smoke from the fire. Therefore the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Naeildong, 3 km south of the wildfire site, were 276 μg/㎥ and 222 μg/㎥, respectively, at 1200 LST. In addition, the gases O3, CO, and SO2 showed high concentrations at the time of haze generation. This study provides insights into policy making in response to the rapid increase in fine dust when wildfire occurs near cities.

본 연구는 제임스 톰슨의 영향에 대한 엘리엇 자신의 진술을 출발점 으로 삼아, 엘리엇의 황무지와 톰슨의 무서운 밤의 도시를 상세하 게 비교하고, 런던에 대한 두 시인의 관심이 그들의 작품에 어떻게 나 타나며, 도시 풍경이 각각의 시에서 어떻게 구현되는지 살펴본다. 메마 른 도시의 배경에서 나온 두 작품 사이의 주제적 유사성, 즉 화자의 탐 색 모티프, 지옥 같은 도시의 현실, 비관적인 분위기 등은 쉽게 발견될 수 있다. 본고는 두 작품에 대한 세밀한 분석을 바탕으로 작가가 속한 시대적 차이와 무관하게, 황무지를 모더니스트 시로, 무서운 밤의 도시를 빅토리아조의 시로 만드는 요인의 유형을 논의한다. 황무지 의 구체적인 시각적 이미지와 음향의 현대성이 강조될 것이다. 특히 다 성어와 불협화음의 어구, 노래와 소음, 이질적인 다양한 목소리를 포함 하는 파편화된 소리의 차원이 충격적일 만큼 혁신적이고 독특하기 때문 이다.

Recently, urbanization has become a serious issue, as there is imbalance between regions and various environmental problems occur intensively in cities. Therefore, cities all over the world are promoting the Green New Deal and trying to realize carbon neutrality. Accordingly, the European Union is leading the creation of carbon-neutral cities by promoting policies aimed at rapidly realizing carbon neutrality. In Korea, projects such as U-City and Smart City have also been promoted continuously for many years, and recently, the projects Smart Green City and Carbon Neutral Green City have been introduced. Therefore, this study aimed to derive directions and implications for future projects based on policies to address climate change by analyzing the guidelines for the Smart Green City project and the project plans of Gimhae-si and Gangjin-gun, which are the leading projects in the Smart Green City business model and are equipped with an extensive budget.

This study aimed to explore companion planting to improve vegetable productivity on extensive green roofs through urban agriculture with limited substrate depth. From May to July 2021, the study conducted on the rooftop to evaluate the effects of marigold (Tagetes patula) planting ratio on the growth and pest control of cabbage (Brassica campestris). The experiment plot measured 1 m in width × 1 m in length × 0.25 m in height and 0.2 m in substrate depth. Fifteen plots were planted in varying proportions of cabbage and marigold for three repetitions per treatment: cabbage control (CC), 2:1(C2M1), 1:1(C1M1), 1:2(C1M2), and marigold control (MC). We found that companion planting marigolds with cabbage significantly increased cabbage growth and reduced pest infestation. The study revealed that C1M1, when cabbage and marigold have the same proportion, is an efficient companion planting ratio. Companion planting, in which non-crop vegetation manages pests and increases crop productivity, improves natural pest control and preserves biodiversity on rooftop urban agriculture.

This study aims to review the differences in urban regeneration independently implemented by the government (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, MOLIT) and Seoul based on related laws and ordinances, and to draw out the implications of Korean urban regeneration’s directions. The results are as follows. First, Seoul has constantly responded to the revision of the Urban Regeneration Act by adjusting and specifying the contents of ordinances, and especially, there have been efforts to enhance regional characteristics suitably for the circumstances of Seoul. Second, in the urban regeneration of Seoul, the budgets including the matching ratio of national and local subsidies shall be changed according to the standards of the MOLIT in changing designating places after the selection of the urban regeneration by the ministry, and this procedure and these implementation methods cause confusion to Seoul and local governments. Third, there were differences in the results of comparing the budgets and support methods of the “Gaggum Housing Project” of Seoul and “New Deal Housing Repair Project” of the MOLIT, which caused conflicts due to the differences in the project implementation and support standards, and the arbitrary interpretation of the guidelines. Although the urban regeneration greatly contributed to the revelation and conservation of regional characteristics, it might be necessary to establish systems that can enhance citizens’ awareness and compensate the efficient contents needed for each region in the future.

Climate change has recently become a serious global issue, and carbon emissions and energy consumption are increasing, particularly in cities where economic activities and populations are concentrated. Accordingly, various countries worldwide are promoting the Green New Deal and promoting urban-centered climate change response policies with the aim of carbon neutrality. In Korea, following the “smart green city” project that creates a city where humans and the environment coexist, a similar “carbon neutral green city” policy is set to be introduced. Therefore, in this study, implications and directions for the sustainable introduction of the carbon neutral green city policy will be derived by comparing and analyzing the State and Tribal Assistance Grants of the U.S. bipartisan infrastructure law and the smart green city of the Korean new deal.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C3L1), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C2L1), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C1L1) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M3L1), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M2L1), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M1L1) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C3L1 experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C3L1 experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

이 연구는 한국 도시산업선교운동의 선구자 조지송의 생애, 산업선교정 책, 그의 노동자선교 신학 사상을 고찰하고, 그의 활동이 세계 에큐메니칼 운동 안에서 어떻게 보편성을 획득했는가를 살피는 것이다. 조지송은 보수 적 친미 반공적인 신앙을 가지고 남한에 온 피난민이었다. 그는 산업전도 를 하면서 산업사회의 가장 밑바닥에서 비인간적으로 저임금과 장시간 노 동에 시달리는 노동자의 현실을 발견했고, 그 상황을 해결하기 위한 선교 정책을 네 단계로 발전시켰다. 1 회사 사주와 협력하는 노동자 전도 2. 훈 련된 평신도를 통한 공장 전도 3. 노동조합을 통한 노동자 선교 4. 소그룹 안에서 여성 노동자의 의식화와 주체성 회복을 통해 산업현실을 개혁하는 산업선교. 조지송은 노동자 기독론과 노동조합 교회론을 발전시켰다. 그는 변화된 노동자의 성숙한 인격과 타자를 위한 존재가 되는 헌신성에서 희망 와 용기를 발견했다. 독재정권과 비윤리적 기업과 협조해서 산업선교를 탄 압하는 제도교회를 거짓교회로 보았다. WCC와 CCA는 한국의 도시산업선 교를 적극적으로 지지했는데 그것은 한국의 도시산업선교운동이 세계교회 와 인류 노동사회를 향해 보편적인 희망을 제공하였기 때문이다.

T. S. 엘리엇은 그의 세 편의 초기 시, 서시 , 바람 부는 밤에 랩소 디 그리고 보스턴 석간신문 에서 이분법적으로 상반되는 것들을 도 시 거리들 광경을 통해서 통합해 보려고 시도하였다. 따라서 도시의 밤 풍경에는 당시의 사회적 현상과 시인의 마음 속 전경이 혼재되어있다. 본 논문은 시인콜라주 기법을 이용해서 도시 밤거리의 모습을 표현하면 서 거리 자체를 시적 캔버스로 활용해 ‘현실/비현실성,’ ‘시간/공간,’ ‘죽 음/생명,’ ‘액체/흔적’ 등 경계선을 넘어 함께 공존할 수 있음을 보여주 려고 노력하였다. 시인은 다양한 도시 풍경과 도시인들의 심리 상태를 도시 밤거리에 비유한다. 세 편의 시, 서시 , 바람 부는 밤에 랩소디 그리고 보스턴 석간신문 에 묘사된 거리들은 기억과 욕망이 이분법적 대치를 넘어 하나의 흐름으로 통합될 수 있음을 보여준다. 엘리엇은 대 도시의 거리풍경을 통해서 자신이 경험한 것을 보여주는데 성공하였으 며 이는 현대 사회에서 이분법적 한계를 넘어서 현실/비현실이 동시에 공존할 수 있음을 제시하였다.

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

This study evaluated the growth, physiological responses and productivity based on the intercropping ratio of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). on the rooftops to determine out the efficient ratio in urban agriculture. From April to September 2019, an experiment was conducted on the rooftop of Konkuk University Glocal Campus. Cherry tomato and basil were selected as companion plants for eco-friendly urban agriculture on the rooftops. Each plot was created with a width of 100 cm, length of 100 cm, and height of 25 cm. After installing drainage and waterproof layers from bottom to top, substrate was laid out with a height of 20 cm. Intercropping ratio was consisted of a single tomato plant (TC), 2:1 tomato to basil (T2B1), 1:1 tomato to basil (T1B1), 1:2 tomato to basil 2 (T1B2), and a single basil plant (BC), were conducted using a randomized complete plot design with five treatments and three replication (a total 15 plots). Measurements were divided into growth, physiological responses, and productivity parameters, and detailed items were investigated and analyzed by classifying them into plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, root collar caliper, chlorophyll contents, fresh weight, dry weight, number of fruit, fruit caliper, fruit weight, and sugar content. Comparative analyses of cherry tomato with basil plants by intercropping ratio, growth, physiological, and productivity responses are determined to be efficient when the ratio of cherry tomato to basil ratio is 2:1 or 1:1.

The characteristics of time changes in air temperature, DI (discomfort index) and WBGT (wet-bulb globe temperature) were investigated for inland city (daegu) and coastal city (pohang) of Gyeongbuk Province during the 2018 consecutive heat wave season. The time when the temperature dropped below 33℃ was around 19h in both regions. As such, the two regions were similar with respect to the time up to which the heatwave warning levels continued. However, the discomfort index (DI) was higher than 27 in Pohang. Most people feel unpleasant when an discomfort index of 27 or higher appears. The results indicated that Korea's night-time thermal environment during the summers is particularly poor in the southern coastal areas. WBGT began at 09:00 and lasted until 21:00, with a score of 31 or higher; this score, in principle, corresponded with the duration of outdoor activity in both regions. Therefore, it was found that outdoor work was at a level where all day long had to be stopped in both areas during the heat wave. Although time changes in temperature and WBGT were similar in both regions, Discomfort Index (DI) differed significantly. The difference refers to the fact that Pohang is strongly affected by the high heat capacity effect and the supply of water vapor from the sea.

This study aims to establish the measures required for strengthening the internal stability of and executing the systematic plan for Gangwon-do in relation to the “urban regeneration preliminary project” launched by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. The results of this study are as follows. The unit project carried out via the Gangwon-do urban regeneration preliminary project presented the tendency for the standardization of the H/W and S/W projects such as the establishment of the community anchor space and the resident competency reinforcement project. Further, rather than focusing on the contents that could objectively measure the effects of the project, it concentrated more on the performance indicators that are required for verifying the execution of unit projects like the establishment of buildings and operating programs. It was found to be insufficient with regard to the practicality of the project, the correlation with the New Deal Project, and the validity of the project contents. To improve these aspects, Gangwon-do would be required to highlight its distinguishability from the other regions and increase its practicality by operating the field-centered urban regeneration educational program, inducing the participation of experts in each of the areas in case there is a need to execute a project plan and discover a project with placeness. It also needs to focus on strengthening its connection with the urban regeneration new deal project by discovering the resident leaders and professional manpower, and establishing the performance indicators needed for systematically monitoring the regional changes in accordance to the urban regeneration preliminary project.

This study aims to suggest the direction of urban regeneration policies of Gangwon-do in accordance with COVID-19 outbreak, and the results are as follows. First, it is inevitable to urgently execute the project from the perspective of cities and counties in Gangwon-do, where the promotion of urban regeneration projects has been delayed due to COVID-19 incident. As a result, it is highly likely to cause the employees overloaded and have negative effect on achieving the goals of urban regeneration, so, it is necessary to provide support measures at the government and provincial level, such as the actual execution index and the adjusting time of start and completion of particular business. Second, as the uncertainty of COVID-19 continues, it needs to strengthen the operation and monitoring of urban regeneration support centers in Gangwon-do and examine the changes in business operation plans in advance. In particular, the decrease in visitors to traditional markets and restaurants is expected to have a direct effect on small business owners engaged in the service industry. Therefore, it is necessary to actively consider the utilization plans of smart city regeneration, such as online shopping and non-contact payment. Third, it is necessary to phase in smart urban regeneration training focused on information weakness to narrow the digital gap, in preparation for general lifestyle changes such as contactless and non-face-to-face interactions. At a time when new light is being shed on local areas, which are quieter than heavily populated cities, a project that reflects the regional characteristics and culture of Gangwon-do is necessary.

With global warming and the rapid increase in urbanization accompanied by a concentration of population, the urban heat island effects (UHI) have become an important environmental issue. In this study, rooftop greening and permeable asphalt pavement were selected as measures to reduce urban heat island and applied to a simple virtual urban environment to simulate temperature change using ENVI-met. A total of five measures were tested by dividing the partial and whole area application of each measure. The results showed that the temperature range of the base experiment is 33.11-37.11 ℃, with the UTCI comfort level described as strong heat and very strong heat stress. A case applied permeable asphalt has a greater temperature difference than a rooftop greening case, the larger the area where each condition was applied, the greater the temperature change was.

Due to recent heavy rain events, there are increasing demands for adapting infrastructure design, including drainage facilities in urban basins. Therefore, a clear definition of urban rainfall must be provided; however, currently, such a definition is unavailable. In this study, urban rainfall is defined as a rainfall event that has the potential to cause water-related disasters such as floods and landslides in urban areas. Moreover, based on design rainfall, these disasters are defined as those that causes excess design flooding due to certain rainfall events. These heavy rain scenarios require that the design of various urban rainfall facilities consider design rainfall in the target years of their life cycle, for disaster prevention. The average frequency of heavy rain in each region, inland and coastal areas, was analyzed through a frequency analysis of the highest annual rainfall in the past year. The potential change in future rainfall intensity changes the service level of the infrastructure related to hand-to-hand construction; therefore, the target year and design rainfall considering the climate change premium were presented. Finally, the change in dimensional safety according to the RCP8.5 climate change scenario was predicted.

This study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing participation intention in urban agriculture. The theoretical foundations of the study were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Pine and Gilmore’s Experiencel Economy. The type of household composition was set as the moderating variable between these independent and dependent variables. In order to test the research model, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted on 439 effective respondents. The empirical analysis results are as follows. Educational experience factors, escapist experience factors, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, which were set as independent variables to positive (+) influence participation intention in urban agriculture. In addition, the impact of their influence relationship was as follows : perceived behavioral control > attitudes > escapist experience factor > subjective norm > educational experience factor. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing the moderating effect according to the household composition, there was a significant difference in the effect of educational experiences, escapist experiences, and subjective norm on participation intention in urban agriculture. Significant results were not tested on the moderating effects between attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and participation intention in urban agriculture. Based on the results of this empirical analysis, academic and practical implications were presented.

최근 기후변화로 인한 지속적 자연재해 증가에 대비하여 강력한 방재시스템을 구축하는 것이 중요하다. 더욱이 재해발생시 행정력 이 미치는 범위는 한정되기 때문에 주민 자율에 의한 재난 방지 시스템은 더욱 강력해야 한다. 본 연구는 재난에 대한 보호기관과 관리기관의 역할과 이러한 역할에 대한 주민들의 인지도에 관한 연구이며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 재난 대비 상호지원기관은 하드웨어 부문에서 관리 기관에 의존하고 있다. 2) 소프트웨어 영역에서 재해로부터 보호하는 일부 시스템은 기관의 통제를 받고 특정 부분은 관리 기관의 통제를 받 는다. 3) 대피소는 모든 재난에 대처할 수 없기 때문에 지역내 존재하는 다양한 시설을 대피 장소로 활용해야한다, 4) 도시 내에서 일하는 직장인들은 재난 대책 조직에 대해 숙지하고 있으며, 재난 지도를 잘 인식하는 경향이 있어 방재활동의 중심적 담당자로 역할을 할 수 있다고 생각된다.

최근 몇 년 사이 한국에서는 도시재생이라는 새로운 패러다임으로 인해 양적성장의 도시정책에서 질적 성숙의 도시정책으로의 전환이 본격적으로 시작되었다. 이는 지속가능한 도시의 기능을 도입하고자함으로써 지역의 관리 및 운영이라는 중요한 이슈가 대두되었다. 본 연구는 질적 성숙의 도시정책으로서 평택시 도시재생전략계획에 따른 신평지구 도시재생활성화 지역에 대하여 역세권 기능회복을 위해 참여디자인을 통한 신평지구 도시재생 활성화 방안을 고찰하고자 한다. 신평지구 도시재생사업은 인간중심의 지역 커뮤니티 활성화를 위해 지역역량강화 프로그램을 강조하며, 지역자산 활용 및 지자체의 지속적인 모니터링의 중요성을 피력한다. 또한, 종합적인 도시재생사업에 따른 효과와 문제점 등 성과관리 시스템을 제안한다. 도시재생 활성화에 있어서 참여디자인은 도시 내 사회 구성원 모두가 참여하는 방안으로 올바른 도시재생사업의 수행방법이 될 것이다. 본 연구는 각종 보고서 및 문헌 조사와 설문지 방법을 접목한 사례 연구이다. 이를 바탕으로 도시재생 사업의 종합적 추진방안과 지속적인 관리체계의 기반이 될 것을 기대한다.

Fine dust is one of the most critical environmental issues in Korea, and the government recognizes the need to establish customized reduction policies based on regional characteristics. Several studies on air pollutants investigate whether factories affect the distribution of fine dust in a particular region. However, understanding the impact of the entire industry sector requires further investigation. This study identifies the impacts of industrial characteristics on fine dust levels of 141 municipalities across Korea in 2016. A total of 23 variables were used, of which 12 referred to industries and 11 to general characteristics of each city. Due to the high correlation between independent variables, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were used. The analysis identified 14 significant variables for PM10 and 13 for PM2.5. Therefore, the results suggest that local industrial characteristics can significantly influence fine dust levels and provide suggestions for establishing customized reduction policies based on local characteristics.