PE box, wrap, 그리고 25um와 50um 두께의 LDPE(low density polyethylene) 필름으로 포장한 치콘을 저장온도 1℃ 와 10℃에서 광조건과 암조건으로 나누어 저장성을 비교하였다. 치콘의 저장 중 생체중 감소는 2% 수준에서 외관상 품질 저하가 발생하였는데, 밀폐되지 않는 PE box의 경우 1℃에서는 2%, 10℃에서는 3%의 생체중 감소를 보였다. 이에 반해 무공필름이었던 wrap, 그리고 25um와 50um 두께의 LDPE(low density polyethylene) 필름에서는 1℃와 10℃ 모두에서 1%미만의 감소를 나타내었다. 포장재내 공기 조성은 이산화탄소의 경우 1℃의 50um LDPE 필름과 10"C에서는 25um LDPE 필름 처리구가 3~4% 수준을 보였다. 에틸렌은 가장 높은 함량을 보인 50um LDPE 필름에서 온도별로 1℃에서 0.3ppm, 10℃에서는 0.5ppm으로 낮은 수준을 보였다. 저장중 greening은 암처리에서는 나타나지 않았으나 광처리의 경우는 10℃에서는 저장 3일만에 1℃의 경우도 6일만에 판매하기 곤란한 상태까지 진전되었는데, 1℃의 경우 포장재 종류별로 포장재가 두꺼울수록 greening의 진행이 지연되는 경향을 보였다. Greening을 수치화 할 수 있는 엽록소 함량은 역시 저장온도가 낮은 1℃가 10℃보다 낮았고, 역시 이산화탄소 농도가 가장 높았던 50um LDPE필름에서 가장 낮은 함량을 보였는데 포장재 내부의 이산화탄소 함량과 총 엽록소 함량과의 상관관계를 조사한 결과 상관계수(r)가 1℃에서 0.926 10℃에서는 0.997로 고도의 상관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. Greening을 제외한 외관상 품질은 저온인 1℃에서 높게 유지되었고 포장재별로는 1℃에서는 50um LDPE 필름이 10℃에서는 25um LDPE필름에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 비타민 C 함량도 저온에서 높게 유지되었으며 필름종류별로는 25um와 50um LDPE 필름에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 치콘의 저장 및 유통시 1℃에서는 50um LDPE 필름이 10℃에서는 25um LDPE 필름이 포장재로 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 약간의 빛으로 greening이 급격히 진행되므로 판매과정에서 암조건을 유지하는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다.

미래는 어쩔 수 없이 불확실하다. 더욱이 현대 프로젝트의 다국적화, 거대화, 복잡화 현상은 프로젝트 성공과 관련된 미래 예측을 더욱 불확실하게 만들고 있다. 이러한 불확실성의 증가 현상은 모든 산업에 있어서 일반적인 것이며, 결과적으로 리스크에 대한 관리의 필요성을 더욱 증폭시키고 있다. 관리되지 않은 프로젝트 리스크는 프로젝트의 실패의 원인이 되며, 나아가 조직의 위기로 발전된다. 따라서 프로젝트 리스크는 프로젝트 팀을 포함한 전체 조직 차원에서 관리되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 프로젝트의 전반에 걸쳐서 체계적인 리스크 관리를 위해 프로세스를 중심으로 서술하였다.

By measuring changes in blood lactate and plasma enzyme (CPK, GOT, GPT) with electrical stimulation applied at two duty cycles, this study is intended to look into which type of duty cycle may have more effects on blood lactate and plasma enzyme constituents through animal experiment so as to determine any duty cycle appropriate for electrical treatment. In this study, electrical stimulation was applied to total 20 Korean house rabbits (weight: 3~3.5 kg) by means of an electrical therapeutic apparatus called TS6000 (made in Netherlands) at duty cycle of 50% and 20% respectively for 30 minutes. Here, 5 cc of blood was collected from their carotid artery before stimulation and in 30 minutes after stimulation respectively to carry out biochemical experiment and analysis. As determined through the above experiment, blood lactate rate was increased to 333.07% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 185.71% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, blood lactate rate was significantly increased to higher level after electrical stimulation than before. Moreover, the rate of change in the average of blood lactate rate at both duty cycles also showed significant differences. CPK rate was boosted to 301.82% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 321.35% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, CPK rate was remarkably boosted to higher level after stimulation than before (p<.05). However, there was not any significant difference in the rate of change in average CPK at both duty cycles (p<.05). GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue. GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue.

This experiment was carried out to determine on the growth characteristics, yield and palatability in mono-cropping(T1; sorghum sudagrass hybrid, T2; soybean) and inter-cropping[T3; sorghum sudagrass hybrid(1) + soybean(2)]. The results obtained are summa

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences existed in knee valgus kinematics in college students when performing a vertical drop landing. The hypothesis of this study was that females would demonstrate greater knee valgus motion. These differences in knee valgus motion may be indicative of decreased dynamic knee joint control in females. This study compared the initial knee valgus angle and maximum knee valgus angle at the instant of impact on vertical drop landings between healthy men and women. In this study, 60 participants (30 males, 30 females) dropped from a height of 43 cm. A digital camera and two-dimensional video motion analysis software were used to analyze the kinematic data. There was significant difference in the mean knee valgus angle at initial contact landing between the two groups (Mean=, SD= in males, Mean=, SD= in females). The range of knee valgus angle on landing (Mean=, SD= in males, Mean=, SD= in females) was differed significantly (p<.05). The maximal angle of knee valgus on landing (Mean=, SD= in males, Mean=, SD= in females) was also differed significantly (p<.05). The females landed with a larger range of knee valgus motion than the males and this might have increased the likelihood of a knee injury. The absence of dynamic knee joint stability may be responsible for increased rates of knee injury in females. No method for accurate and practical screening and identification of athletes at increased risk of ACL injury is currently available to target those individuals that would benefit from neuromuscular training before sports participation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how COP displacement of a hemiplegic foot in stance phase during gait is related to clinical balance measures and the recovery stage in hemiplegic stroke patients. Twenty-eight functionally ambulant hemiplegic patients who had suffered from strokes and thirty age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. COP parameters were calculated. Clinical balance was measured using the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The recovery stage, proprioception, and clonus of the ankles or lower extremities were also measured for physical impairment status. The COPx max-displacement in the medial-lateral side of the stroke patients was significantly longer than that of the normal group (p=.038). The COPy max-displacement in the anterior-posterior side of the stroke patients was significantly shorter than that of normal group (p<.001). Significant differences in the COPx and COPy displacement asymmetry index were found between the two groups (p<.01). The FRT was correlated with the COPx displacement (r=.552) and COPy displacement (r=.765). The TUGT was correlated with the COPy displacement (r=-.588) only. The recovery stage of the lower extremities was correlated with COPy displacement (r=.438). The results of the study indicate that the characteristic of COP displacement in hemiplegic feet in stance phase during gait is related to balance ability and recovery in stroke patients. COP parameters acquired by the mapping of foot pressure in stance phase during gait will provide additional useful clinical information. This information can be used by clinicians to assess objectively the pathologic gait with other diseases and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on gait in stroke patients.

강구조물에 있어서 여러 가지 환경요인에 의해 균열 및 부식 등의 문제가 발생되고 있다. 이는 구조물의 내구성을 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위해 용접 보수보강방법을 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 보수용접은 전단 및 용접과 같은 입열 과정을 필연적으로 수반하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 입열과정에 있어서 발생되는 잔류응력 및 변형의 예측제어방지는 구조물의 안전이라는 측면에서 볼 때 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 및 3차원 유한요소 해석을 수행하여 가스전단 및 아크용접에 의해 얻어진 절단 및 용접 잔류응력과 변형을 구하였으며, 2차원 및 3차원 해석기법에 따른 그 값의 정도를 명확히 하였다. 해석기법에 따라 2차원 및 3차원 해석을 수행하여 얻은 절단 및 용접 잔류응련의 분포 및 그 절대치는 유사한 값을 나타내었다.

"Man can embody truth but he cannot know it," said Yeats a few days before his death. And this truth is embodied in the two “death poems,” "Under Ben Bulben" and "The Black Tower". How is that truth embodied? And what is its content? A close reading of the two poems gives some sort of significant answer to that question. The truth Yeats tried to embody may be "Unity of Being", the poet's eternal pursuit. Throughout his long poetic career, wearing various masks, and in various ways, Yeats sought to accomplish its poetic embodiment. To solve multi-levelled divisions of being, Yeats sought persistently to "remake" and "renew" himself, his self as an archetype of the Irish people. "Under Ben Bulben" and "The Black Tower" suggest the poet's dream as returning to and restoring the heroic Celticism and integrating it into making Ireland. In "Under Ben Bulben", drawing on the Celtic heroes' wisdom and strength, the poet asserts his philosophy of reincarnation and man's profane perfection, and, also, the greatness of artists' creative power. After presenting his selected history of the great artists, the poet asks the Irish poets to succeed to his poetic dream. And, then, he casts cold eyes on life, on death, renewing himself as one of the heroes of his dream. In "The Black Tower", the poet's inner drama upon the threshold of death, the tower, his old symbol, reveals itself as a microcosm of Ireland that the poet wishes to defend against his enemies by death. In this poem, the poet does not give up his dream to the final, even if the dark and gloomy mood is dominant. Finally, for the tower's defense, the poet commits "an epic suicide", to become a legendary Irish hero himself. Thus, the poet embodies the truth he has found.

The purpose of this study is to research the relation between Yeats's imagination and the theme of old age, death, and after-life in Yeat's poetry. According to Heraclitus, cosmology is formed aspects of polarity, assuming 'living each other's death, dying each other's life.' The world is conceived as opposition and contradiction, and the human is dual in nature. this dualistic conflict of consciousness has become a basic starting point of his imagination. Yeats recognized the dualistic conflict was an energy of a creative mind and a characteristic of human nature. It brought about the struggle between inner world and outer world. This struggle begins with assuming an individual's anti-self opposed to his primary self. To him, the conflict or struggle, endowed with the meaning of human being existence, is the seed of being of unity. "An Acre of Grass," dealing with the theme of old age, Yeats saw the tragic reality as positive. In spite of decrepitude and quiescence, Yeats said 'Grant me an old man's frenzy, / myself must I remake.' In Yeats's case, great are art is not merely created out of the conjunction of the artist's mind and external world, but rather out of the artist's denial of his primary self and recreation of his mask, the true image of his antithetical self and a fragment of the Anima Mundi. In recreating this fragment he actually creates a higher order of reality than the visible world possesses. Yeats conceive death and life are not divided but connected in "Tower", and "Mohini Chatterjee" as accepting positively human tragic condition. Yeats said that the wheel or cone of the Faculties may be considered to complete its movement between birth and death, that of the Principles to include the period between lives as well in A Vision. In "Byzantium", Yeats deals with the after-life in the view of Four Principles as seeing the soul after death as living reality. To Yeats, the phenomenon of violence, hatred or passion in this world is prerequisite to reincarnation, a creation of other self or true self. After getting rebirth, Yeats tried to reach profane perfection. Looking out over the whole of human life, and its prevailing desolation, he tried to find the proper response to life and suffering in terms of gaiety. Yeats's final response to the old age and death here is no longer the horror, but he accepts the old age and death as the pain of human being with tragic joy through his unique imagination.