카울라에 의해 완성되었던 인공위성궤도이론과 케플러의 법칙을 다시 다루었다. 카울라의 원문에서는 생략되었던 부분을 포함한 모든 수식유도과정을 상세히 기술하였다. 특히 15개의 독립적인 라그랑지 괄호들을 계산하는 데에 변환행렬의 직교성을 사용하여, 간결성과 명확성을 이루었다. 여러 중간단계에서 중요한 물리적인 개념들에 대한 설명도 추가하였다. 카울라의 개념적 오류 한 개를 정정하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of two types of stretching extensor carpi radialis on the visual analog scale (VAS), pressure-pain thresholds (PPTs), grip strength (GS), and strength of wrist extensor (SWE) in patients with lateral epicondylalgia. Sixteen patients with lateral epicondylalgia were recruited for this study and randomly assigned to two groups; the conventional stretching group (CS) and the stretching of proximal functional massage group (PFM); the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE were measured before and after the intervention. Over a period of stretching exercises were performed for five minutes per day, five days per week. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the statistical differences in the VAS, PPTs, GS, and SWE (pre- and post-test). The Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the effects of stretching exercises between the CS and PFM groups. The results of this study demonstrated that in the PFM group, the PPTs, GS, and SWE significantly increased, and the VAS decreased (p<.05). In the CS group, the VAS and GS increased significantly after the three-week intervention (p<.05). Pain was decreased and strength (GS and SWE) was increased in the PFM group, compared to the CS group (p<.05). The findings of this study indicate that PFM technique can be applied for decreasing pain and increasing the GS and SWE in patients with lateral epicondylalgia.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of patellar height on quadriceps muscles' electromyography (EMG) activity during a squat exercise in adults with patella baja. For the study, we recruited 15 volunteers who had patella baja on the right side. We measured the EMG activity of the right rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis muscles during squat exercises under two conditions, specifically with and without an infra-patellar strap. The infra-patellar strap was applied below the tested patella to elevate the patella to a normal height. A paired t-test was used to compare the effects of patella height on EMG activity of the quadriceps muscles. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were significantly decreased during the squat exercise with the infra-patellar strap compared to the same exercise without the infra-patellar strap (p<.05), while the VMO/VL ratio was not different significantly between two conditions (p>.05). The findings of this study suggest that an infra-patellar strap may benefit people with patellar baja, as changes in patellar height could improve the efficiency of the quadriceps muscles.

This is the study of American Aesthetic Movement and the Louis Comfort Tiffany's Decorative art. At first, I supposed that Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933) was the most successful American Aesthete. He insisted that he pursuit of ‘quest of beauty’ entire his art life at the speech in 1919 retrospective exhibition. The ‘quest of beauty’ is one of creeds of Aestheticism became known through the famous English aesthete Oscar Wilde lectured at the American tour lecture in 1882-1883. Interestingly Wilde also addressed English Arts & Crafts Movement and the ideas of John Ruskin at the lectures. So American public and artists could be accepted both English decorative art movements synthetically. That resulted many of artists turned their focus on decorative art media or decorative art production, as like interior design, stained glass, art pottery, etc. To American artist, interior decoration was another medium for artistic experiment or art-making to realize ideal beauty in everyday life. To beautify everyday life and environment with artistic utilitarian goods was the goal of William Morris(1834-96)' who the leader of Arts & Crafts Movement, so as to Louis Tiffany. Then, Louis Tiffany tried to show his individuality by the eclectic synthesis of the Oriental-Western styles. He synthesized Western & Oriental arts of disparate region or ages uniquely. Finally, his eclectic design method would be applied for creating interiors to artistic unity. Because of Louis Tiffany was a Colorist painter and American Aesthetic Movement artist also, he searched for beauty and wished to express the beautiful ‘color and light’ effect through his art. To accomplish this artistic goal, he used oil and watercolor paints, from opaque to transparent and also translucent at the same time. At last, he developed the ‘Favrile glass’ to describe the colored light, coloring, shades and gradations more than paintings do. Furthermore, he used a variety of decorative media like glass, enamel, jewel and textile for the natural/artistic reproduction of color and light effect in nature. What was the reason for Louis Tiffany's pursuit of naturalism in his product design? The reason was that he sympathized with the John Ruskin's design concept with ‘garden room’ interior design. He tried to depict natural landscape or garden flowers and vegetables on the stained glass windows, glass vases, lamp shades, enamel work, jewelry to construct Aesthetic-practical garden room. That was also the way to be accomplished the authentic goal of Morris' Arts & Crafts Movement.So he incorporated various art companies and then developed art industry complex. He was also an entrepreneur who produced variety of household products industrially. The reason is that he hoped to realize the ideal of William Morris. Who advocated to beautify the interior and daily life for the public. But real consumers of the Morris products were only the wealthiest high class in England and also in America. However, Louis Tiffany's decorative art work differentiated from the Morris'. Because he wanted to answer the demand for consumer democracy. Therefore, he pursued artistic & economic goals simultaneously through his art enterprises as he accepted Aestheticism and Arts & Crafts Movement together. To realize this double goal, he produced kinds of decorative arts and household goods as the colorist artist- aesthete entrepreneur.

국립해양조사원 39개소 조위관측소의 후빙기조륙운동(Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, GIA)에 의한 지각변동 속도를 ICE-3G와 ICE-5G 모델로 예측하였다. 또한 위도 32˚-38.5˚N, 경도 124˚-132˚E 범위의 한반도 지역을 0.5˚×0.5˚ 격자로 분할하고 각 격자점에서의 GIA 지각변동 속도를 계산하였다. 그 결과 ICE-3G 모델의 경우 한반도 GIA 수직 지각변동은 평균 0.33 mm/yr이고, ICE-5G 모델의 경우 평균 1.21 mm/yr의 속도로 지각변위가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 최신 Ice model인 ICE-5G 모델을 사용할 경우 한반도에서도 약 1 mm/yr 이상의 비교적 높은 GIA 수직 지각변동이 발생하므로 절대해수면 변동을 산정하기 위해서 GIA에 의한 수직변위를 보정해야 함을 확인하였다. 따라서 국립해양조사원에서 제공하는 13개 조위관측소의 상대해수면 변동률에서 ICE-5G 모델에 의한 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정하여 절대해수면 변동률을 결정하였다. 절대해수면 상승속도를 분석한 결과 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정한 절대해수면 변동률은 한반도 해역에서 평균 5.04 mm/yr의 상승속도를 나타냈으며, 제주 해역은 평균 8.84 mm/yr로 다른 해역보다 높은 이상 상승률을 나타냈다.

This study was performed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density, anthropometric measurements, maternal factors and exercise in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Anthropometric measurements were taken by a trained practitioner and the maternal factors of the 78 subjects in Gyeonggi-do were acquired by an interview questionnare. The BMD of the lumbar spine(L2~L4), femoral neck, Ward`s triangles and trochanters were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The mean age of the premenopausal women was 45.23 years and that of the postmenopausal women whose ase of menopause was 49.37 years was 61.27 years. The age, waist and waist to hip ratio of postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those of premenopausal women. BMD of the lumbar spine(L2~L4) in postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women. Number of children and age at last delivery were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than those in premenopausal women. The BMDs of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of premenopausal women was positively correlated with weight, body mass index, waist and WHR and the BMDs of these two sites in postmenopausal women were positively correlated with height, and weight. In postmenopausal women, BMD of the lumbar spine was negatively correlated with duration time after menopause and BMD of the femoral neck was positively correlated with age at last delivery. These results suggest that it is necessary to maintain adequate body weight. Health management and education about performing more exercise are recommended for postmenopausal women to prevent osteoporosis.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between tennis club satisfaction, tennis commitment and exercise adherence in order to analyze the factors that decide exercise adherence by tennis club activity. The results of this study can be

This research is trying to figure out the factors that make effects on the body movement and batting speed of the 6 middle school baseball players and the 6 common students using the equipment of the video analysis and ground reaction force. By doing so,

The purpose of this study was to compare Men's high school tennis player's before-player serve and rear-player serve. Such serve movements were analyzed in three-dimensional image analysis, kinetic variables were calculated using force platform to underst

The objectives of this study were to make comparative kinematic and kinetic analysis on major motions in clean & jerk and snatch of weight lifting and to systematize the results for enhancing the athletic performance of male middle school students beginni

The purpose of this study was to examine drivers’ driving behaviors and eye-movements according to driving speed and navigation-position while operation of the navigation in driving. For this purpose, two driving conditions (low-speed and high-speed) and

목적 : 본 연구에서는 뇌졸중 환자들에게 RECK MOTOmed viva2를 이용한 반복적 단일 운동 치료와 과제 수행을 통한 과제 지향적 운동 치료의 적용이 상지 기능 향상에 미치는 효과를 비교해보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대상자는 2010년 3월부터 동년 9월까지 A병원에서 뇌졸중으로 진단받고 재활치료가 의뢰된 입원환자 들 중 선정 기준에 적합한 46명을 각각 23명씩 반복적 단일 운동 치료군과 과제 지향적 운동 치료군으로 나누어 중재 전, 후의 변화를 비교해 보았다. 대상자들은 3주간 30분씩 주 5회 작업치료를 받았고, 추가적으로 RECK MOTOmed viva2를 이용한 반복적 단일 운동 치료 혹은 과제 수행을 통한 과제 지향적 운동 치료를 3주간 30분씩 주 5회 동안 받았다. 상기 기능 향상을 알아보기 위하여 중재 전, 후에 Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA), Manual Function Test(MFT)를 실시하였다. 결과 : 반복적 단일 운동 치료군의 상지 기능은 FMA의 총점이 21.22±12.35에서 25.26±11.88로, MFT의 총점이 33.17±22.83에서 41.52±23.69로 향상되었고(p<.05), 과제 지향적 운동 치료군의 상지 기능은 FMA의 총점이 22.22±12.48에서 26.39±10.84로, MFT의 총점이 33.52±21.83에서 42.22±21.67로 향상되었다(p<.05). 결론 : 반복적 단일 운동 치료군과 과제 지향적 운동 치료군의 상지 기능 향상을 비교해 본 결과, 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 반복적 단일 운동 치료와 과제 지향적 운동 치료가 대근육 기능 또는 소근육 기능과 같은 상지의 특정 기능 향상에 유의한 영향을 미치기 보다는 전반적인 상지의 기능 향상을 유도한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

선체운동은 파랑에 기인한 선박의 동요이며, 주로 대형상선 및 여객선의 설계과정에 적용되어 왔다. 운동응답의 특성의 경우 파도의 진행방향과 선속에 따라 다르게 나타나기 때문에 주어진 조건에 따른 운동응답 특성 해석이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 상선의 대표선종 인 Containership, VlCC의 수직운동(heave), 종운동(pitch) 실험결과를 운동성능계산 프로그램 인 Maxsurf Seakeeper를 이용하여 계산된 결과와 비교 및 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 전체적인 선체운동 RAO값이 실험값과 유사하였으며, 만남각이 추파에서 향파로 이동할수록, 낮은주파수 에서 높은주파수 영역으로 이동할수록 RAO값이 실험값과 유사한 경향을 보였다.

본 연구에서는 지반운동 라이브러리에서 목표스펙트럼에 근사한 평균응답스펙트럼을 갖는 한 개 혹은 다수의 지반운동을 선정하는 효율적인 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 지반운동 선정 시 목표스펙트럼의 형상과 크기를 맞추어야 하는데 이 두 가지를 독립적으로 고려할 수 있다는 기존 연구결과에 따라 본 연구에서도 형상이 가장 유사한 지반운동을 찾고 크기를 맞추기 위하여 배율조정계수를 사용한다. 형상을 맞추기 위해 각 주기에서 목표스펙트럼과 지반운동 평균응답스펙트럼의 차이 값의 표준편차가 최소가 되도록 하여 선정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 형상이 결정된 후 그 크기를 맞추기 위해 본 연구에서 제안한 배율조정계수를 찾는 방법은 기존 연구와 달리 한번에 찾을 수 있도록 제안하였다. 40개의 지반운동 라이브러리로부터 제안한 방법을 이용하여 목표스펙트럼에 근사한 평균스펙트럼을 갖는 7개의 지반운동기록을 선정한 결과, 그 정확성과 계산소요시간에 있어 모두 만족할만한 결과를 보였다.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of semen extenders on the motility, viability and fertility in vitro of spermatozoa during storage of fresh boar semen diluted in different commercial extenders used for pig artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, semen were diluted in Androhep plus, Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Modena, Seminark and Vitasem LD. Five ejaculates were collected from three Duroc boars and sub-samples were diluted (30×106 spermatozoa/ml) in different extenders. Semen was stored at 17℃ for 10 days. Sperm motility and viability was assessed using Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) and flow-cytometry on 1, 3, 5 and 10 day post collection. The motility of spermatozoa stored in different extenders was gradually decreased by increasing the duration of storage of semen. However, there was not significantly different in the sperm motility and viability among other extenders. On the other hand, the in vitro-matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured in vitro to assess the fertility of boar spermatozoa stored for 3 and 10 days in different extenders. The percentage of morula and blastocyst were taken as indicators of fertility in vitro of spermatozoa. Therefore, there were no differences in the rate of embryos developed to the molular and blastocyst stage. There were no differences in the motility and fertility in vitro among 5 kinds of commercial boar semen extenders.

The purpose of this study is to examine the activity ratios of global trunk muscles and local trunk muscles in relation to adjustments in the level of task difficulty while performing stability exercises in easily applied bridging lumbar stabilization exercise. Twenty healthy subjects performed bridging lumbar stabilization exercise while the level of task difficulty was plate was used in the same posture for all the exercises. EMG was used to examine the activity ratios of the global muscles and multifidus in relation to the level of task difficulty. Moreover, the activity ratios of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae and the gluteus maximus muscle were measured. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted (=.05). When the bridging lumbar stabilization exercise were performed at different difficulty levels, the activity of the multifidus muscle, which is a local muscle, was high in all three exercises. Also, compared to low intensity and intermediate intensity exercises, high intensity exercises showed more significant differences (=.05). Among all the muscles, the multifidus showed the highest activity at intermediate intensity. Based on these results, we suggest that in the case of bridging lumbar stabilization exercise, low intensity or intermediate intensity exercises are more suitable and efficient for local muscle stabilization.