The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes in perception concerning nutrition labeling and students' availability of processed foods and is to investigate parents' awareness of nutrition labeling through the 'Education program on safety management of children's dietary life' conducting directly to the fifth grade elementary school students (4,105 persons) by the nutrition teacher in each school. The part that checked when purchasing processed food before and after the students' education, the name of manufacturer (p<0.05), raw material and content (p<0.001), food additives (p<0.001), nutritive components (p<0.05) etc. were significantly improved. An idea about nutrition labeling has increased after the education, the question items in 'it is reliable' (p<0.001), 'satisfied' (p<0.01) were significantly increased particularly. In spite of one time education, it showed positive changes such as it can be possible to get desired nutrition information. Thus, although it was one time training conducted in the situation that can not be carried out formal education due to school environment, a variety of practical education of children's dietary life is required targeting comprehensive senior students, the education is considered to be conducted for children as well as parents.

The purpose of this paper is to compare between Korean and Arabic in terms of phonology and seek effective ways of teaching Arabic for Korean students. Arabic as a Semitic language has 28 consonants and 3 basic vowels (each of which is short and long, and 2 diphthongs). Meanwhile, Korean has 19 consonants and 22 vowels. Due to the phonological differences between Korean and Arabic, it is somewhat difficult for Korean students to learn the correct Arabic consonant phonemes. In this paper, firstly, the consonants are grouped into two: one group common to both languages, and another unique to Arabic consonants. They are explained by phonological and phonetic methods to teach the correct pronunciation of Arabic consonants. Secondly, the Arabic vowels are explained through the examination of allophones in comparison with Korean. Thirdly, the syllables are explained by the structure, sorts, and characteristics. Lastly, it is suggested that professional training in phonology and phonetics fields be provided to instructors so that they can teach correct Arabic pronunciation.

This study investigated spelling errors in English stories written by 206 students in an elementary school implementing Korean/English immersion education. Errors were analyzed using crosstab and MANCOVA. Findings are as follows. Spelling errors occurred in 4 categories in order from the most frequent to the least: substitution, omission, addition, and transposition. The error occurrences differed depending on grade level changes: lower grades (Grades 1-3) vs. higher grades (Grades 4-6). The students in both grade levels made more errors in substitution and omission: these error types were significantly decreased as they progressed to the higher grade levels. Errors in addition and transposition showed much fewer occurrences for both grade levels, and these errors did not show a significant decrease because of their rarer occurrences. Overall, the students’ spelling ability increased remarkably as they progressed in grade levels in the immersion environment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school teachers’ and students’ experience of teaching and learning English grammar and how they perceive English grammar education with regard to its role in learning English and the need and ways of including grammar instruction into the curriculum. Questionnaires were administered to 123 teachers and 1513 6th grade students. In addition, written interviews with 20 teachers were done through e-mail. Major findings from the analysis of this survey are three-fold. First, most of the teachers and the students had experiences of teaching and learning English grammar and they perceived that English grammar knowledge plays a positive role in learning English. Second, majority of both the teachers and the students believed that grammar instruction should start in 5th grade, but there is a gap between the teachers and the students with respect to grammar teaching approaches; the teachers prefer the inductive method, while the students prefer the deductive one. Third, many teachers considered that grammar instruction would not have a negative effect on English classes based on the communicative language teaching approach, but they believed that activities for grammar instruction should be well designed in order to keep students interested in learning English. Based on these results, several suggestions for improving English education in elementary schools are made.

◉ 목적 : 국내에 운영되고 있는 정신건강의학과 병원학교의 현황을 파악하고 정신건강의학과 병원학교를 다니는 건강장애학생의 학업 참여와 주관적 만족도 조사를 통해 정신건강의학과 병원학교에 대한 작업치료사의 인식을 높이고, 이들을 위해 작업치료사가 제공할 수 있는 서비스에 대해 생각해보고자 한다. ◉ 연구방법 : 국내 6개의 병원학교 중 연구에 동의한 2개의 정신건강의학과 병원학교의 교사 2명과 입교중인 정신건강장애학생 29명을 대상으로 2014년 4월 28일부터 동년 7월 10일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구대상자의 일반적인 특성 및 병원학교 현황을 빈도 분석하였고, 정신건강의학과 병원학교 학생의 수업참여와 병원학교 이용 만족도를 비교분석하였다. ◉ 결과 : 연구결과 정신건강의학과 병원학교 학생의 연령은 평균 15.41세(±2.16)이며 진단명은 지적장애(37.9%), 주요우울장애(24.1%), 품행장애(17.2%) 순이었다. 교사 평가에 의한 학생들의 전반적인 병원학교 생활에서 선생님과의 관계가 3.79점(±0.82)으로 가장 높은 점수를 보였고, 친구들과의 관계가 3.24점(±0.99)으로 가장 낮은 점수를 보였다. 학생이 평가한 병원학교의 전반적 만족도는 재량활동 4.24점(±0.83), 병원환경이 4.24점(±0.94)으로 높고 주요 교과목은 3.48점(±1.37)으로 가장 낮았다. 학생의 전반적인 병원학교 생활과 만족도는 시설물 배치편리에 대한 모든 하위항목과 선생님의 노력, 수업시간의 미래도움도, 선생님의 공평성, 수업시간 기대에 대한 대부분의 하위항목에서 유의한 정적상관을 보였다. ◉ 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 정신건강의학과 병원학교 학생들은 선생님과의 관계가 좋을수록 수업참여를 더 잘하고, 재량활동시간과 병원환경에 대해 가장 만족하고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 현재 국내에서 이러한 서비스를 받는 정신건강장애학생 수는 제한되어 있고 정신건강에 대한 폭넓은 이해에 기초한 커리큘럼이 정비되어 있지 않기 때문에 향후 다각적이고 체계적인 접근이 요구된다.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training for 16 weeks on obese elementary school students’ growth hormone and bone mineral density(BMD). The study was conducted on male obese elementary school students who reside in D metropolitan city and have body mass index (BMI) higher than 25%. The whole subject group had no particular diseases and did not regularly exercise more than twice a week. Based on basal movement, low section, Taekwondo gym and form pattern, the Taekwondo train program was composed of total 16 weeks; 4 weeks of introductory phase, 4 weeks of maintenance phase and 4 weeks of improvement phase one and two, respectively. BMD was analyzed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry standard protocol. As a result, growth hormone was not significantly difference in group and exericse effects. In BMD, there was a significant difference between the two groups in BMD lumber spine(LS). In BMD-femur, there was a significant difference in the group (p<0.01) and time (p<0.05). In body composition, there was no statistically significant difference between body mass, body mass index, body fat mass and muscle volume. In conclusion, since 16 weeks of Taekwondo training had a positive effect on elementary students’ metabolic syndrome index, BMD and postural balance. We can deduce that elementary students need constant physical activity for their growth, physical development and physical health.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on「Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey」, for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents’ education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (≥once/d), 12.5% for vegetable (≥3 times/d), 7.3% for milk (≥2 times/d), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

이 연구의 목적은 코티칭을 활용한 천문 STEAM 프로그램이 자기주도적 학습 태도에 미치는 효과를 확인해 보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 천문 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하여 초등과학 영재학생들에게 적용하였다. 초등과학 영재학생들 5-6학년 36명 중 실험집단은 16명, 비교집단은 20명의 학생을 대상으로 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코티칭을 활용한 천문 STEAM 프로그램은 자기주도적 학습 태도 향상에 효과적이었다. 둘째, 이 프로그램은 학습기회의 개방성 영역과 문제 해결 기술 영역의 향상에 보다 효과적이었다. 셋째, 학생들은 코티칭이 많은 피드백과 깊이 있는 설명을 제공하는 것에 만족했고, 교사들은 코티칭이 STEAM 수업에서의 전문지식 부족과 평가 및 수업자료준비의 어려움을 해결하는데 도움을 준다고 하였다. 이 연구 결과를 토대로 STEAM 수업에서 자기주도적 학습 태도를 향상시키기 위한 방법으로서의 코티칭에 대한 시사점을 논의했다.

This study aims to construct the basic data of perceptions about the Temporary Protection of abandoned dogs(TPAD) in Gyeongju University by survey, focus on Dept. of Companion animal and Plant Conservation. Most students agreed that abandoned dogs needs help and protection by students or anyone else. Most students generally indicated that TPAD is certainly necessary and suitable structures and processes need to be put in place to achieve this. Thus follow-up studies are needed.

Purpose: This study was to develop a clinical competence scale to assess competence of nursing students in postpartum bleeding care in the simulation-based clinical situations. Methods: The assessment items developed with 12 items of 3 point scale. An expert panel of 3 maternity professor reviewed the scale for content validity by using the CVI(Content Validity Index). Following the establishment of content validity, 12 items of the checklist were developed. The simulation-based postpartum hemorrhage nursing education that consisted of four sessions for 6 hours lecture and practice was provided to 32 small groups. Result: The total mean score of clinical competence in postpartum hemorrhage care was 17.34. Items with the highest mean score was 1.88 with ‘introduce myself to the patient'. Items with lowest mean score was 0.19 with 'assess the general conditions'. Reliability of between two evaluation using Cronbach's alpha was .86. Conclusion: This results show postpartum hemorrhage access tool developed this study had reliability and validity. Further studies are needed to determine property of tool in postpartum hemorrhage access tool.

이 연구는 판 구조론에 대한 학생들의 개념을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 충청도에 위치한 고등학교 2학년 70명의 학생들을 대상으로 판 구조론에 대한 시각적 표상의 개념 검사를 실시하였으며, 이중 10명의 학생들을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 참여자들은 판 구조론을 학습한 후에도 용어 및 색상의 의미, 판의 이동, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 원인, 맨틀의 물리적 상태 및 판 운동의 원동력과 관련된 대안 개념을 가지고 있으며, 학생들이 가진 색상의 의미, 맨틀의 물리적 상태, 판 운동의 원동력 개념들은 유기적으로 관련되어 있었다. 또한 판 구조론 학습에 사용되는 시각적 표상은 용어, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 맨틀의 물리적 특성에 대한 학생응답에 영향을 주었으며, 판 구조론 학습에서 학습자에게 대안 개념을 유발하는 시각적 표상의 요소들이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the actual conditions underlying frequency of eating breakfast and nutritional attitudes in elementary school students in Chungnam area. Students had the highest ratio for eating breakfast everyday and spent 10-20 minutes eating breakfast. Students went to bed at 10-11 PM and woke up at 7-7:30 AM in the morning on average. The biggest reason for skipping breakfast was insufficient time in the morning. Additionally, favorite breakfast menu of subjects was a Korean style meal. The number of elementary students that recognized necessity of nutritional education was highest among subjects. Favorite educational method of subjects was education by teachers. Additionally, number of female students that recognized effect of breakfast on health status was significantly higher than boy students. Ratio of eating breakfast everyday was dependent on BMI value. Most subjects preferred video learning materials as the main nutritional education method. Overweight subjects showed the highest ratio for eating with loss of willpower compared to other students when they skipped the breakfast. Female subjects ate a greater variety of foods compared to male students, and showed better nutritional attitudes towards a desirable dietary life than male subjects. To prevent undesirable food habits and improve intake of various nutrients, systematic nutrition education is required to regulate breakfast of elementary students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intake experience of mother’s milk intake/baby food intake, present eating habits, and atopy symptoms in elementary school students in Chungnam province. More frequent intake of mother’s milk was associated with less atopy symptoms. Subjects who had good attitudes for baby food in the past had less unfavorite foods. In addition, subjects that ate fruits and vegetable-baby food had better eating attitudes for a balanced diet. Unbalanced diet was associated with worse behavior characteristics. Frequency of eating breakfast affected behavioral characteristics. As this study had regional and size limitations, it is necessary to further investigate the relationship between past intake experience of mother’s milk/attitude towards baby foods and present eating habits/physical growth. Based on these results, past intake experience of mother’s milk/attitude towards baby foods might affect present physical growth/development and eating habits of subjects.

The research on washback of a test has little been carried out in Korea while it has been flourishing in language testing researchers overseas. This paper investigates whether the advent of NEAT has affected the perception of test takers and the teaching/learning practices in English classrooms of Korea. In addition, we also want to investigate the relationship between variables such as perception of test users, teaching/learning practices, and test scores. We carried out a survey with 601 students who were seated at NEAT administered in April 2013 as well as 3,267 third-year high school students who had no experience on NEAT. The analyses revealed some evidence to support that NEAT has an effect on the perception of the participants. However, the analyses also revealed that NEAT was not effective to appeal for a change in teaching and learning practices in English classrooms in Korea.

This study investigates the effects of writing to learn on sixth graders’ English development compared with speaking to learn and examines their perceptions. The study established the following research questions: (a) what are the effects of writing to learn on English speaking and writing abilities compared with speaking to learn? and (b) what are the students’ perceptions of writing to learn compared with speaking to learn? Students in the experiment group had experienced learning English through writing to learn, whereas those in the comparison group had learned English through speaking to learn. As for the results, writing to learn had significant effects on developing speaking and writing abilities in terms of complexity, accuracy and fluency. Also the students had more positive perceptions on writing to learn in cognitive and behavioral perspectives. Writing to learn has been confirmed as effective in learning English, leading students to use English to express their own ideas with more extensive vocabulary and complicated syntactic structures.

This research aims to develop and apply an English class program for elementary school students from multicultural families, in order to allow children from multicultural families who lack an understanding of language and culture (both their mother tongue and Korean) to participate successfully in regular English classes. For the purpose, 6 third-year students from multicultural special classes were observed and analyzed to identify difficulties experienced during regular English classes. Their difficulties were classified into lack of background knowledge and basic English words, insufficient use of learning strategies, lack of academic language understanding, and lack of self-confidence. To solve these difficulties, an English class program for elementary school students from multicultural families was developed and applied, based on the theory of multicultural education and the sheltered instruction model. The results are as follows: The introduction of an English class program for elementary school students from multicultural families is presumed to have had a positive effect on students’ English abilities and confidence. Based on this program, more special English teaching programs for the children from multicultural families are expected to be developed for their successful English learning.

The purpose of this study was to estimate usage of vitamin and mineral supplements as over-the-counter (VM-OTC) drugs as well as examine factors associated with VM-OTC usage in Korean adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high school in all parts of country were included in the analysis. Prevalence of VM-OTC usage was 56.1%, and it was higher as monthly income, father’s education level, and socioeconomic status of family increased (p<0.001). VMOTC intake was higher in middle school students than in high school students as well as in rural areas or small & mediumsized city residents than big city residents (p<0.01). Subjects mainly received information on VM-OTC mainly from ‘family and relatives’ (46.6%), whereas only 20.3% received information from experts. Subjects took VM-OTC ‘when they are healthy’ (49.1%), ‘when they feel sick’ (17.7%), ‘when they are on a diet’ (17.3%), and ‘when they are stressful’ (15.9%). The effectiveness of taking VM-OTC were mainly ‘fatigue recovery’ (35.0%), ‘health improvement’ (30.6%), and ‘nutritional status improvement’ (13.2%). The most frequently used VM-OTC was vitamin C (49.1%), multi-vitamins (18.6%), multi vitamins & minerals (13.2%), and calcium (9.2%). Among VM-OTC users, only 21.9% replied that they usually check the nutrition facts when they buy products, 62.4% follow the recommended dosage, and 9.7% fully understand the nutrition labels of the products. According to logistic regression analysis, the most influential factor affecting VM-OTC use was parents’ and siblings’ VM-OTC consumption (p<0.001). In addition, school type (middle or high school) (p<0.01), residence (p<0.05), self-concerns about health (p<0.05), father’s education level (p<0.05), and socioeconomic status of family (p<0.05) all influenced VM-OTC use. These results show that VM-OTC use is widespread among adolescents, few users actually check and fully understand the nutrition labels when they purchase VM-OTC, and they are highly dependent on unprofessional advice and information. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them select proper VM-OTC and read nutrition labels.

In 2013, for the 130th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Germany as well as the 50th anniversary of the dispatch of Korean workers to Germany, a survey on the recognition and preferences related to Bibimbab was carried out among students in Bayreuther, Germany majoring in hotel management who had not tried Korean food before. As part of the globalization of Korean food, 10 different foods that Germans might like were prepared, and the survey took place after food tasting. In the results, 44% of students noted that their first impression of Bibimbab was good, and impression was more favorable after tasting than before. The preference for nine foods other than Bibimbab was in order of Kimchi, Bulgogi, Mandu, Modum-jeon, Samgyetang, Gimbab, Japchae, Tteokbokki, and Sangchu-muchim. Students liked Bibimbab due to its healthiness, and most students showed interest in Korean food after tasting Bibimbab. To improve Bibimbab, most students answered diversifying sauces.

Aim of this study is to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and dietary habits by the gender in high school students in Chungnam province. Girls students had a higher score than boys students for nutritional knowledge, not in the significant difference. However, boys students had a higher score for dietary behaviors than girls students. Dietary habits showed a significant difference in the unbalanced food habit and eating speed by the gender, and the eating speed of boys students was faster than that of girls students. For boys students, the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors did not have the significant correlation. Otherwise, girls students had the positive correlation between the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors, and had the characteristics of behaviors that the higher the nutritional knowledge score, the better eating habit. In addition, the boys and girls students had the positive correlation between the score of nutritional knowledge and the frequency of breakfast, and the score of nutritional knowledge and the frequency/regularity of breakfast, respectively. Because some dietary habits/behaviors are related closely to their nutritional knowledge, the high school students need the systematic and steady nutritional education to apply their known nutritional knowledge to actual life.

In terms of awareness of Korean traditional food, elementary students are most affected by their parents. The objective of this study was to analyze upper grade elementary students’ parental awareness and preference of Korean traditional foods in the Chungnam Area. In a survey of 126 parents, 58% of subjects were interested in Korean traditional foods, but there was no significant difference according to age. About 87% of parents thought that inheritance of knowledge on Korean traditional foods was needed. The reasons for inheritance of knowledge on Korean traditional foods were ‘To stick to style of Korean traditional foods’ (68.2%), ‘Palatable’ (21.8%), ‘Education for children’ (6.4%), and ‘Beautiful and fine custom’ (3.6%). The awareness point of ‘Korean traditional foods are easy for cooking’ increased with increasing age (p<0.01). In all age groups, subjects highly recognized that Korean traditional foods are good for health. There were significant correlations between overall preferences for Tteok and Hankwa (r=0.351, p=0.001), Hankwa and Korean traditional drink (r=0.374, p=0.001), and Korean traditional drink and Tteok (r=0.406, p=0.001). As a result, preferences for other items also increased when preference for one of the three traditional foods increased. Therefore, education on Korean traditional foods is necessary in order to satisfy parental preferences.