The present study was conducted to investigate the relation of eating behavior and food intake to 534 adolescents' obesity indices. Group means of relative body weight (RBW) were 93.66 for males and 97.12 for females. Body mass index(BMI) were 20.39 for males and 20.41 for females. Respondents were divided into 3 groups on the basis of RBW as an obesity index. Astonishingly, 44.76% of total respondents were underweight and 12.92% overweight and obese. 64.54% of respondents usually skipped their breakfasts and 24.23% their dinners. More males did not have their breakfasts than females. In contrast, more females skipped their dinners than males. A significant difference was found between males and females in their eating habits(p<.001) that should be changed. As their undesirable eating habits, males pointed out 'skipping meals', while females stressed 'overeating'. There were more overeating respondents in the overweight group, while more respondents skipping their meals were found in the underweight group. Many females(72.79%) and males(52.78%) tended to alternate consistently overeating and fasting to lose weight. The most important reason for losing weight was to improve their appearance(61.12%). In addition, nutrient score indices of respondents were very low with a mean of 33.39. Only 42.13% of total respondents showed good nutrient score indices. More males ate meat, bean, white vegetables, potato and fat than females(p<.05), whereas more females ate bread, rice cake and fruit than males(p<.01). Among the 3 groups -overweight, normal weight and underweight groups, overweight group was the most eaters of meat, fish, egg and milk; underweight group was the least eaters of them.

The health, anthropometry, food habits, food intake frequency and nutrition intake of 747(219 men and 528 women) elderly people living in Inchon were investigated. Mean BMI, WHR, triceps skinfold thickness, BIA, blood pressure of the subjects were 23.4, 1.0, 15.6mm, 28.6%, 137.5/78.8mmHg in men and 24.9, 0.87, 22.6mm, 36.2%, 130.8/73.8mmHg in women respectively. Over the half of the subjects perceived themselves unhealthy and 86.2% of the elderly suffered from one or more illness. Ratios of the smoking and the drinking elderly were 40%, 43% in men and 12%, 11% in women. The major reason to stop smoking or drinking was the concern about their health. Food habit score of the subjects was relatively high (14.45/18.0) but food intake frequency score were relatively low (21.18/33.0) except the food groups of cereal & grain, white vegetable and sweets. The foods consumed by the elderly were very limited in quality and also in quantity. The daily intakes of calorie, protein, iron, vit. B1, niacin and vit. C were less than 2/3 of RDA and the amounts of calcium, vit. A and vit. B2 consumption were less than 1/2 of RDA.

It is well known that fish hear a wide frequency range of sound using both laterial line and inner ear, and the sound is probably the most effective channel for long-range communication underwater than any other stimulus.The auditory threshold of svenband grouper, Epinephelus septem fasciatus was determined by conditioning method using a sound coupled with electric shock in a tank. The audio-signals and electric shock used in the experiment were pure tones of 100 to 1000Hz and DC 6n.The response of fish to the sound was observed by ECG intervals from precordial leads method (V1·V2 method). The auditory threshold curve for sevenband grouper was V-shaped, with most sensitive threshold at 350Hz in the range of 100~1000Hz. The Sevenband grouper were more sensitive to sounds of 200~400Hz than to adjacent frequencies.

This paper was developed to determine the university students' coping behavior pattern in meal management with Korean economic crisis in 1997. The data was collected from 544 university students in Ulsan areas. The coping behavior consisted of 26 items which were categorized into 4 factors; (factors were named as related to): 'decrease of intakes factor' ,: 'change to the cheaper choices factor' ,: 'increase of meals at home factor' and 'emphases on quantity sacrificing the quality factor'. Socio-economic variables affected differently the coping behavior in meal management and 4 sub factors. The amount of discretionary expenditure, the status of housing, the monthly household income and gender affected the coping behavior in meal management. The amount of discretionary expenditure and the monthly household income affected the decrease of intakes factor and the change to the cheaper choices factor. The amount of discretionary expenditure and gender affected the increase of meals at home factor and the emphases on quantity sacrificing the quality factor.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and the of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination(NCSE) to ascertain its value in the cognitive functional evaluation of brain-injured patients. The NCSE, uses as an independent test to evaluate cognitive function within five major areas: language, construction, memory, calculation, and reasoning. And the examination separately assesses levels of consciousness, orientation, and attention. The instrument quickly identifies intact areas of functioning, yet provides more detailed assessment in areas of dysfunction. The level of cognitive is classified as unimpaired and mild, moderate, severe impaired. Standardization data are provided for 42 braininjured patients, age ranged from 24 to 76 years. In the validity study, the NCSE subtest was significantly correlated with associated Mini Mental State Examination-Korean version(MMSE-K) test, except for attention, naming, construction. The specificity score of the traumatic brain-injured patients were higher than those of the stroke patient group in attention, construction, calculation. The mean score of stroke patients were significantly higher than those of the traumatic brain-injured group in orientation. In the inter-rater and test-retest reliability, the screen Kendall's τb and Metry pearson's correlation statistics were indicating a good internal consistency. The NCSE demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability for the evaluation of cognitive functional capacity of brain-injured patients in clinical practice.

The investigation to evaluate the possible effects of fish behaviour on acoustic target strength was carried out during the 1997 and 1998 hydroacoustic-demersal trawl surveys in the southern waters of Korea.The swimming speed and the target strength of individual, acoustically resolved fished swimming through the sound beam were measured using the split-beam tracking method on board R/V Kaya.The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. The alongship and athwartship angles between -3dB poionts of a hull mounted 38 kHz split beam tranducer used in these surveys was >3.76˚ and 6.74˚ respectively, and the equal energy contour obtained from the measured beam pattern showed approximately the circular pattern. 2. The swimming speed measured off the south coast of Sorido in 23 January 1997 ranged 0.10 to 0.80 m/s with the average swimming spped of 0.36 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -31.7 dB with the average target strength of -52.7 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Japanese scaled sardine, Sardinella zunasi and Konoshiro gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, respectively.3. The swimming speed measured off the east coast of Kojedo in 24 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.10 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.40 m/s, and the target strength ranged -64.8 to -51.5 dB with the average target strength of -59.2 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Photololigo edulis, Konoshiro gizzard shad and Japanese flying squid, Toddarodes pacificus, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.60 m/s. 4. The swimming speed measured the south coast of Kojedo in 25 March 1997 ranged 0.10 to 1.40 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.51 m/s and the target strength ranged -64.3 to -47.7 dB with the average target strength of -55.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Blotchy sillage, Sillago maculata and japanese scaled sardine, respectively and the swimming activity of these species seems to be controlled at speeds between 0.20 and 0.70 m/s.5. The swimming speed measured during morning twilight in the southeastern water of Cheju Island in 11 July 1998 ranged 0.20 to 1.0 m/s with the average swimming speed of 0.53 m/s, and the target strength ranged -65.0 to -47.0 dB with the average target strength of -57.1 dB. The most dominant species sampled in this survey area were Swordtip squid, Black scraper, Thamnaconus modesutus and japanese flying squid, respectively and the tile angle ranged +28˚ to +2˚ with the average tilt angle of -8.1˚ showing the downward migration.

To investigate the drinking pattern and behaviors of Yangsan College students, a self-administrated survey was conducted to the subjects, composed of male 336 and female 165. The results of this study were as follows: 1. With regards to kind of alcoholic beverage, 71.6% of subjects responds have a preference for soju, which is favored more by male than by female. 2. The most favorite side dishes are stew and soup(48.2%), then roasted meats and fruits. 3. In the drinking habit, 40.4% of subjects responded that they drink themselves to sleep, 20.6% have more chatter, and 12.5% become silent. 4. 80% of the subjects, some of which recognized overdrinking, responded that the culture to have a drinking after official events is essential, while 6.6% responded that it goes wrong.

This study was undertaken to assess eating out behavior and factors in food choices of 369 college students in Kwangju. 47.1% of subjects ate out at least once a day and lunch was the most frequent meal for eating out. Eating out expenditure was significantly associated with student's allowances. Significant differences were observed in frequency, expenditure of eating out and related factors in food preference between male and female students. Taste was the most considered factor but nutrition was the least considered in food selection of respondents. Among male respondents, the most important nutritive factor was protein followed by calorie and vitamin. However, female counterpart regarded calorie as the most important nutritive factor affecting food selection. Tendency of increased vegetable and fruit consumption was noted in subjects over past a few years. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education for college students be implemented to improve and develop eating out behavior related to nutrition in food selection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding of dietary consciousness and define the relationship of housewife attitude of middle class residence in Puchon city. Questionnaires were collected 282 housewives in Puchon city. Data were analysed with SAS software package for F-test and Duncan's multiple range test. The main findings of the research were as follows: The food related perchasing place was supermarket(91%), ordinary market(77%), department store(68%), special store(58%), common purchase(37%), convenience store(22%) and communication marketing(13%). The clothing perchasing place showed in the order of department store(71%), special store(65%), ordinary market(52%), common purchase(23%), supermarket(18%), convenience store(15%) and communication marketing(10%). Dietary cosciousness of housewife on foods, clothing, and housing related items was significantly different, specially 20's housewife was concerned about foods and 30's housewife was housing(p<0.05). The behavior consciousness of housewife was significantly different between age, education level, family type and income(p<0.05). Highly educated housewife showed a tendency to spend money and times for food related fields, and to buy clothes in a department store for breaking stress(p<0.05). However, low education level and extended family type housewife got more conservative consciousness on traditional fermented food making(p<0.05). Most of young housewife answered that the making of bread, cookies, soybean paste soup, children clothes and handicraft led to positive consciousness(p<0.05). Especially high life satisfaction housewife preferred to make a dosirak(lunch box), dinner, children clothes and handicraft(p<0.05).

본 연구는 식품영양전공과 비전공 여대생의 일반환경, 식태도, 식행동 및 영양지식을 파악하여 영양에 관한 과목을 수강한 학생들과 수강하지 않은 학생들의 식태도, 식행동 등이 신장, 체중 및 비만도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 연구하고자 청주에 있는 2년제 대학 식품영양학과 여학생 98명과 비전공 여학생 98명을 선정하여 설문지를 통하여 비교 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 식품영양전공과 비전공 사이에 거주형태, 동거인, 부모의 연령 및 교육수준에 차이가 별로 없이 거주형태는 자택이 많았고, 동거인은 가족 모두가 함께 살고 있는 여대생이 많았다. 어머니의 연령은 40∼49세가 대부분이었으며 아버지의 교육수준은 고졸이 많았고 어머니는 중졸이 많았다. 월수입은 100∼150만원인 중간 소득층이 식품영양전공과 비전공 여대생 모두의 가정에 많았고 150만원 이상은 전공 여대생의 가정보다 비전공 여대생 가정에 더 많았다. 식태도에 있어서 전공 여대생은 맛과 영양을 더 고려하는 경향을 나타내었고 비전공 여대생은 맛, 가격, 분량 및 음식이 나오는 시간을 더 고려하였다. 식행동을 살펴보면 아침식사는 식품영양전공과 비전공 여대생 모두 먹는 편이었고 결식한 경우는 "늦게 일어나서"가 그 이유로 가장 많았으며 저녁식사는 전공과 비전공 모두 주로 집에서 하나 비전공 여대생의 경우 외식이 전공 여대생보다 많았다. 또한 저녁식사는 약 반 정도가 일정한 시간에 하는 것으로 나타났고 간식은 전공과 비전공 여대생 모두 점심과 저녁 사이에 가장 많이 섭취하고 있었으나 비전공 여대생의 경우 저녁식사 후에 간식을 전공 여대생에 비해 더 많이 먹는 것으로 나타났다. 식품영양전공 여대생의 영양지식 점수는 난이도가 있는 영양지식에서 더 높았고 기본적인 영양지식에서는 거의 비슷하였다. 평균 체중은 식품영양전공과 비전공 여대생간에 비슷하였으나 평균 신장은 비전공 여대생이 유의적인 차이를 보여 전공 여대생보다 더 컸다. 비만도에 의하면 식품영양전공 여대생이 정상체중을 더 많이 유지하고 비전공 여대생은 저체중이 더 많았다. 결론적으로 식품영양전공 여대생은 영양에 관한 수업을 받았기 때문에 영양지식이 많아 식태도와 식행동이 더 바람직하였고 정상체중을 더 많이 유지하였으므로 영양교육이 올바른 식생활을 영위하는 데 기여한 것으로 나타나 적절한 영양교육 프로그램을 개발하여 식품영양 비전공 여대생들에게도 영양교육을 실시하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

본 연구는 부산시 영도구 일부 지역의 주부들을 대상으로 영양지식, 식생활가치관, 체형인식도, 식생활 태도 등을 분석하여 지역사회를 위한 영양교육 프로그램 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 계획되었다. 자신의 체형이 정상임에도 불구하고 본인 스스로가 정상체중이 아니라고 인식하는 주부는 38.1%로 나타났고, 그 중 30.5%가 과체중으로, 2.5%는 비만으로 인식하고 있었다. 영양지식 점수의 분포는 good 62.7%, excellent 37.3%이었으며, 식생활태도의 분포는 good(63.6%), fair(32.9%), excellent(3.1%), poor(0.4%) 순으로 나타났다. 식사 시에는 `맛의 즐거움(27.6%)`과 `영양 섭취(27.1%)`에 높은 비중을 두는 것으로 나타났으며, 배고픔을 해결하는 것`이 23.1%, `습관적으로 먹는다`가 22.2%이었다. 식생활 태도는 `영양 섭취`와 `맛의 즐거움`에 가치를 두는 그룹이 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 다른 연령층에 비해 3·40대 주부의 영양지식 점수가 높았다. 식생활태도는 20대 주부가 가장 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 나이와 영양지식은 높은 음의 상관을 보였으며, 식생활 태도와 영양지식, 식사다양도와 식생활태도, 식사다양도와 영양지식은 높은 양의 상관을 나타내었다.

본 논문은 개량식 정치망내에 방류한 체장 30 cm의 부시리, Seriola aureovittata의 유영행동 및 탈출행동을 텔레메트리기법으로 추적하고, 그 결과를 기술한 것이다. 압력센서를 내장한 초음파 핑거를 부착시켜 방류한 시험어의 행동은 장기선 방식의 어군행동 원격감시 시스템을 사용하여 추적하였다. 수신점의 수는 3개였고, 초음파 핑거의 3차원 위치는 쌍곡선위치결정법으로 구한 평면좌표 x, y와 압력센서로 관측한 심도 z를 사용하여 구하였다. 실험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시험어는, 방류직후,15 m 깊이까지 급잠하였다가 수면가까이 부상하는 행동을 보였고, 방류직후부터 5분간 측정한 평균 유영속도는 0.87 m/sec를 나타내었다. 2. 시간이 경과함에 따라 시험어의 유영속도는 점차 느려지는 경향을 나타내었고, 방류후 1시간정도 경과한 때부터는 주로 헛통쪽 비탈그물 부근에서 섬도 1～7 m 에 머물면서 탈출을 시도하는 행동을 보였다. 이 시간대의 평균 유영속도는 0.52 m/sec로 나타났다. 3. 양망을 시작하여 25분정도가 경과하기까지는 시험어가 1단계 비탈그물에서 벗어나 2단계 원통쪽으로 도피하면서 1단계 원통그물의 구석까지 빠른 속도로 왕복하는 수평 유영행동을 보였고, 수직적으로는 심도 20 m 까지 하강하였다가 다시 표층으로 부상하는 행동을 나타내었다. 그 이후 시간에는 양망 중임에도 불구하고 다시 1 단계 비탈그물 부근에 머물면서 헛통쪽으로 탈출하고자하는 행동을 나타내었고, 양망 중에 헛통으로 탈출한 것으로 나타났다. 양망 초기의 평균 유영속도는 양망직전의 유영속도에 비하여 38.5 % 증가한 0.72 m/sec (체장의 2.4 배)였으며, 방류 후 1단계 원통을 탈출할 때까지 측정한 평균 유영속도는 0.67 m/sec로 체장대비 2.2배의 빠르기였다.