In this work, AlON-Al2O3 coatings were prepared on Al2021 alloy by the electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) method. The experimental electrolytes include: 2 g/l NaOH as the electrolytic conductive agent, 10 g/l Na2AlO2 as the alumina formative agent, and 0.5 g/l NaNO2, NaNO3, and NH4NO3 as the nitride inducing agents. The effects of different nitrogen inducing agents were studied by a combined compositional and structural analyses of the ceramic coatings carried out by Xray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the specimens EPP-treated at room temperature for 15 min under a hybrid voltage of 260 DC along with an AC 50 Hz power supply (200 V). Microhardness tests and wear tests were carried out to correlate the evolution of the microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties. Potentiodynamic polarizations and immersion corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5wt% NaCl water solutions under static conditions in order to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the coated samples. The results demonstrate that NaNO2 is proven to be a good nitrogen inducing agent to produce high quality AlON-Al2O3 ceramic coatings.

 ,  , Two species of the genus Hypena Schrank, 1802, H. nigrobasalis (Herz, 1904) and H. conspersalis Staudinger, 1888, are reported for the first time from China. Adults and genitalic characteristics of the two species are briefly redescribed, with illustrations and their distribution.

MicroRNAs are ~22nt small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through translational inhibition and destabilization of their target mRNAs. Micro RNAs are phylogenetically conserved and have been shown to be instrumental in a wide variety of key biological processes including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, control of metabolic pathways, imprinting and differentiation. The expression of miRNAs is often regulated in tissue specific and developmental stage‐specific manners. More than 500 miRNAs have been reported in diverse eukaryotic organism so far. One of the biological functions of miRNAs seems to be the regulation of self‐renewal versus differentiation in stem cells. Recent efforts have focused on defining the miRNA expression profile in undifferentiated ESCs as compared to their differentiated progeny. Among the so‐called ES‐specific miRNAs, the 302‐367 cluster stands out due to its intracellular abundance and high cell type specificity. Levels of miRNA 302‐367 correlate with Oct4 transcripts in ESCs and early embryonic development, indicating an important role in ESC homeostasis and maintenance of pluripotency. Several months ago, a paper showed that expression of the miRNA 302‐367 cluster can directly reprogram mouse and human somatic cell to an iPS cell in absence of any of the four factors (Oct4, Sox2, c‐Myc, Klf4) efficiently. To apply this efficient method to porcine, we made an inducible vector system including miRNA 302‐367 cluster originated from porcine embryonic fibroblasts and could make porcine ips by the miRNA 302‐367 cluster.

The effect of heat treatment on the micro-structures and the mechanical properties of 0.002% boron added low carbon steel was investigated. The tensile strength reached the peak at about 880-890˚C with the rising quenching temperature and then the hardness decreased sharply, but the tensile strength hardly decreased. The tensile and yield strength decreased and the total elongation increased with a rising tempering temperature, but the tensile and yield strength sharply fell and the total elongation prominently increased from above a 400-450˚C tempering temperature. Tempered martensite embrittlement (TME) was observed at tempering condition of 350-400˚C. In the condition of quenching at 890˚C and tempering at 350˚C, the boron precipitates were observed as Fe-C-B and BN together. The hardness decreased in proportion to the tempering temperature untill 350˚C and dropped sharply above 400˚C regardless of the quenching temperature.

Sheet aluminum alloys have been used in manufacturing of machine structures. In fatigue crack propagation behavior of thin sheet aluminum alloys, it is important that fatigue crack growth rate is affected by crack closure phenomenon. In this work, we analyzed the characteristics of fatigue crack propagation behavior in experiment of constant stress condition for thin sheet Al 2024-T3 alloys, and identified the retardation behavior of crack growth by comparing experimental results of thin and thick plate specimen. We attempt to operate the fatigue life estimating process using the fatigue related material constants from referred fatigue crack propagation analysis. And we analyzed the experimental and prediction results of fatigue life of thin sheet aluminum alloy in order to identify the relation between retardation behavior of fatigue crack growth and crack closure phenomenon.

This paper presents a study of the influence of cutting parameters on surface finish obtained by face milling. Cutting conditions have significantly great effect on surface quality in high-precision machining. Fundamentally, surface roughness are strongly correlated with cutting parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut. Optimal selection of the cutting parameters can obtain better surface roughness. Therefore, optimization of the cutting parameters in a face milling based on the parameter design of the Taguchi method is adopted in this paper to improve surface roughness. And optimal cutting parameters based on the results of the S/N ratio and ANOVA analyses to performance high-precision machining is obtained and verified by confirmation test.

For an effective management of fisheries resources, we need fisheries informations necessary for the establishment of reasonable fishing effort and TAC distribution. To study the present state of by-catch and discard of gill-net fishery in the East Sea, we carried out fishing research using trammel nets in the coastal sea of Susan-port (Yangyang), Jangho-port (Samcheok) and Hupo-port (Uljin). As a result, a total of catch of Susan was 259,172g and that of Hopo was 577,638g. Thus Catch of Susan was 1.49 times more than that of Hupo considering the number of used fishing gear. And catch of Janho was 7.4 times more than that of Susan considering the number of experiment. Two methods of by-catch analysis in this study were used, one method is standardizing of listed species catching possible in fishing license, another method is regarding catch species under 1% of total catch as by-catch. As a result of by-catch analysis of two method, by-catch rate of Susan was 6.55% and 5.87% respectively, that of Hupo was 44.70% and 5.24% and that of Jangho was 0.96% and 2.31%. Discard rate of fish in Susan, Hupo and Jangho were 1.59%, 3.42%, 2.23% respectively.

Oocyte enucleation is essential for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the production of cloned animals or embryonic stem cells from adult somatic cells. Most studies of oocyte enucleation have been performed using micromanipulator-based techniques, which are technically demanding, time-consuming, and expensive. Several recent studies have used chemical-induced oocyte enucleation; however, each has been plagued by low efficiency and toxicity. In this study, I found that the co-treatment of murine oocytes with demecolcine and BMI-1026, a potent cdk1 inhibitor, resulted in a high enucleation rate (97%). This method is entirely independent of a micromanipulator and is suitable for the large-scale production of enucleated oocytes. This new method of enucleation will be useful in SCNT and in the development of handmade cloning techniques.

표고(Lentinula edodes )는 대표적인 임산버섯으로서 국내 연간버섯 생산량 중 수위를 차지하고 있으며 전통적으로 원 목재배를 통하여 생산되는 임가의 소득증대에 크게 기여해 왔다. 그러나 최근 원목, 인건비 등의 급격한 상승, 농촌인구 의 고령화 , 버섯가격의 하락으로 인하여 수익성이 악화고 있 어 이에 대한 대안으로서 톱밥재배가 높은 관심을 받고 있다. 90년대 초반부터 우리나라에 도입된 표고 톱밥재배는 국내 에서 아직까지 광범위하게 보급되지 못하고 있다. 더욱이 우 리나라 기후에 알맞고 우수한 특성을 가진 품종을 육성하여 국내 표고 톱밥재배 활성화에 기여하고자 산조702호를 개 발하였다. 산조702호는 산조701호(중고온성)와 FMRI26- 04(중온성)의 일핵균주간 교잡을 통하여 육성되었으며 3년 간의 재배시험을 통하여 자실체형태가 우수하고 생산량이 높아 최종선발 하였다. 산조702호는 톱밥재배용 표고 품종 으로 국내에서 재배되고 있는 지면봉지재배, 균상재배에 알 맞은 생표고 생산용 품종이다. 배지의 배양은 20-25℃에서 100일 내외가 알맞으며 발생 및 생육적온은 15-23℃이다. 톱밥배지에서 균사의 생장속도가 빨라 기존 산조701호보다 버섯발생 최성기까지 기간이 약 5개월로 1개월 빠르고, 버섯 발생이 쉽다. 자실체는 중대엽형이고 갓색깔은 황갈색이며 갓형태는 편평형이다.

두 가지 다른 기질의 담체를 이용하여 살조세균 Pseudomonas fluorescens HYK0210-SK09의 포집율과 microcosm에서 Stephanodiscus hantzschii의 살조능을 파악하였다. Active carbon polyvinyl alcohol (ACPA)담체가 cellulose sponge (CS)담체보다 SK09를 높게 포집하였다. 이를 이용한 microcosm에서 ACPA담체가 CS담체보다 S. hantzschii의 살조

Wireless LAN systems have been widely implemented for supporting the sireless internet services especially in the hotspot areas such as hospitals, homes, conference rooms, and so on. Compared with wired LAN systems, wireless LAN systems have the advantage

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of ‘Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are ‘transformed’ into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, it also changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of ‘transformation’ and ‘mutation’. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized, The commercial energy threat ‘the identity of Bukchon as residential area’. From now on, to operate ‘identity’ and ‘vitality’ complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to characterof particular region and building usage.

SnO nanosheets were prepared at room temperature through a reaction between an aqueous solution of SnCl2, N2F4, and NaOH and were converted into SnO2 nanosheets without a morphological change. The SnO nanosheets were formed through a dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. Uniform and well-dispersed SnO nanosheets with the round-shape morphology were attained when the solution was treated by ultrasonic sound immediately after the addition of NaOH. The SnO2 nanosheets prepared by means of solution reduction under the ultrasonic treatment, and subsequent oxidation at 600˚C showed a high level of gas sensitivity to C2H5OH and CH3COCH3.