The maneuverabilities of the M. S. PUSAN 402 are studied, based on maneuvering indices and the data obtained from her Z test. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maneuvering indices K' and T' of the M. S. PUSAN 402 are 1. 490, 1.030 at 10˚ Z test and 2.644, 1.153 at 20˚ Z test and 3.382. 1. 027 at 30˚ Z test respectively. The above calculated values K', T' showed that her maneuverabilities are more increased when the rudder is used to large angle than to smaIl angle. 2. As her maneuvering indices K' and T' at 10˚ Z test are higher than the standard maneuvering indices of fishing boats, her turning ability was found to be higher but her obeying ability lower. 3. When the M. S. PUSAN 402 took a turn at her 10˚ test, running distance was about 8.4 times her own length and didn't exceed the standard maneuvering distance, 5 to 11 times ship's own length, therefore she was considered to have good maneuverabilities syntheticaIly.

NGC 7023 have been observed in ^(12)CO and ^(13)CO (J=1→ 0) molecular line emissions. It possesses bipolar molecular outflows which are moving out both eastward and westward in Right Ascension with a velocity range of ±9 ㎞s^(-1) with an inclination of ∼80° The mass loss rate is ∼10^(-5)M◎_(yr)^(-1) with an assumed stellar wind velocity of ∼100㎞s^(-1); the dynamical age of this outflow is ∼5.5×10⁴ years. The bipolar molecular outflows would be collimated by the molecular disk surrounding HD 200775, which is explained by either the velocity gradient of ∼0.25 ㎞s^(-1) are min^(-1) in the position-velocity map of ^(12)CO along the Declination or the peak temperature maps of both ^(12)CO and ^(12)CO. The outflows also yield high density regions at their ends, producing the region of the low mass star formation.

The Colloid Formation and Migration (CFM) international joint research initiative continues as a part of the GTS’s Radionuclide Retardation Programme, which has been in progress since 1984. This project focuses on examining the formation of colloids from a bentonite-engineered barrier system and exploring how these colloids impact the migration of radionuclides in fractured host rock when subjected to advective flow. Phase 1 of the project was launched in 2004 and concluded in early 2008, focusing on preliminary studies related to in-situ boundary conditions, predicting models, and supplementary lab works. Following that, Phase 2 spanned from 2008 to 2013 and aimed at fortifying the field setup by adding three new monitoring boreholes and suitable instrumentation in both the boreholes and tunnel. This phase also tested the system’s resilience while mapping the flow domain. Phase 3 kicked off in January 2014 and extended until December 2018. During this period, the Long-term In-situ Test (LIT) was introduced in May 2014, featuring a set of compacted bentonite rings laced with radionuclide tracers. These were placed in a borehole to serve as a colloid and radionuclide source. CFM Phase 4 initiative commenced in January 2019, marking the successful deployment of the i-BET (In-situ Bentonite Erosion Test). This project component involves placing approximately 50 kg of compacted bentonite in a natural water-conducting shear zone. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) joined CFM in 2008 to examine the behavior of colloid generation and migration with radionuclides in the Underground Research Laboratory. The fourth phase of the CFM project was also scheduled to include a post-mortem evaluation of the LIT and additional tracer experiments in the well-mapped MI shear zone. This study aims to provide an interim update on the ongoing i-BET, a key component of Phase 4 of the CFM project. We will also discuss the current status of the post-mortem analysis for the LIT experiment. In addition, we will outline plans for the forthcoming Phase VI of the project. These plans will continue to advance our understanding of radionuclide migration and the influence of bentonite-based disposal systems.

본 논문은 2022학년도 교양 음악 과목의 현황 및 성격을 파악하기 위하여 서울 소재 12개 대 학교를 선정하여 개설 현황과 강의개요의 내용을 분석하였다. 개설 현황 분석에 있어서는 개설 과목의 수와 주제를 분석했으며, 특히 자료가 일반인에게 공개되어 있는 10개 대학의 경우에는 2008학년도 자료와 비교하여 시대적 추이를 가늠하고자 했다. 개설 과목이 현저히 증가한 대학의 경우에는 교양교육을 전담하는 기관 또는 주체가 뚜렷함을 보여 주었으며, 개설 과목의 성격 역시 담당 기관 및 주체의 운영 방식과 직접적인 연관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교양 음악 과목의 주제 를 분석한 결과, 서양음악이 거의 절반을 차지하는 반면, 한국음악, 대중음악, 융복합의 순서로 그 나머지를 구성하며 세계음악은 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 슐러의 ‘독립적 음악 능력’에 기초하여 과목의 성격을 분류한 결과는 현재 이론적인 측면이 76%를 차지함으로써 연주와 창조의 측면이 부족한 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 강의 개요의 내용을 요르겐슨의 다섯 가지 음악 교육철학에 기 초하여 질적연구 소프트웨어 엔비보로 코딩 분석하였다. 이때, 강의의 성격 및 강의개요서 서술방 식에 따라 분석 결과가 상이하게 나타날 수 있으며, 실질적인 강의의 내용과 동일하지 않을 수 있 음을 한계로 밝힌다. 연구의 결과, 지식과 가치, 특히 음악적 지식과 가치를 가장 중요하게 다루 고 있으며, 다음으로 실기 능력의 전수, 개인의 경험과 표현의 증대, 사회적 기여, 다양한 문화의 유지의 순서로 중요하게 여기는 것으로 나타났다.

The Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS) is the national accreditation body responsible for providing accreditation services to testing and calibration laboratories. The primary objective of KOLAS is to promote the quality and reliability of laboratory testing by providing nationally and internationally recognized accreditation services. Laboratories accredited by KOLAS are required to meet rigorous international standards set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and are subject to regular assessments to ensure ongoing compliance with the standards. KOLAS accreditation is highly regarded both domestically and internationally, and is recognized for providing high-quality and reliable testing services. The nuclear analysis laboratory at KINAC has been working to establish a quality management system to ensure the external reliability of analytical results and to secure its position as an authorized testing agency. To achieve this, a detailed manual and procedure for nuclear material analysis were developed to conform to the international standards of ISO/IEC 17025. This study presents the preparation process for establishing the management system, focusing on meeting technical and quality requirements for the implementation of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard in the KINAC nuclear analysis laboratory, specifically in the field of chemical testing (dosimetry, radioactive, and neutron measurement subcategories). The preparation process involved two tracks. The first track focused on satisfying technical requirements, with Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) selected as the major equipment for analysis. Analytical methods for determining isotope ratios and concentrations of nuclear materials were determined, and technical qualification was ensured through participation in proficiency test programs, inter-experimenter comparison tests, and uncertainty reports. The second track focused on developing the quality system, including quality manuals, procedures, and guidelines based on the requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. Various implementation documents were produced during the six-month pilot period, in accordance with the three levels of documents required by the standard. Implementation of ISO/IEC 17025 is expected to have a systematic quality management process for the analysis lab’s operations and to increase confidence in KINAC’s nuclear analysis.

According to the ROK-IAEA Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (CSA), the ROK submits inventory change reports (ICRs), physical inventory lists (PILs), and material balance reports (MBRs). Suppose inventory changes occur in each material balance area (MBA). In that case, the facility operators prepare ICRs monthly, conduct physical inventory taking (PIT) every 12 to 18 months, and submit PILs and MBRs to KINAC. KINAC reviews ICR presented by the facility operators, submits it to the IAEA, and reports it to the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC). Various methods have been prepared and implemented to minimize errors in reviewing the accounting reports submitted by the facility operators. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the mistakes in the accounting reports that occurred over the past two years and proposed methods to improve them. The basis for carrying out the accounting reports is stipulated mainly in the CSA and the Nuclear Safety Act. First, Article 63 of the CSA describes the rationale for submitting the accounting reports, and the details are described in detail in the subsidiary arrangement. Article 98 of the Nuclear Safety Act stipulates information related to accounting reports, and details are described in the regulations on reporting internationally regulated materials, etc., of the NSSC Notice No. 2017-84. Among the accounting reports submitted in 2021, a total of 36 errors were confirmed. There were ten errors related to inventory changes, followed by six errors in the material balance period (MBP) in the header information. There were four cases of spacing, weight mismatch, and overdue errors, and the rest were related to grammar errors. There were a total of 30 errors in the accounting reports identified in 2022. MBP errors of header information, which occurred the second most in 2021, was the highest with nine, followed by six inventory change errors and five weight mismatch and overdue errors, respectively. Compared to 2021, the total number of errors has decreased by about six, which is interpreted as the result of outreach activities through accounting reporting workshops and nuclear control education conducted by KINAC. Accounting reporting is the most critical part of the Nuclear Material Accounting and Control (NMAC) system. Efforts to check errors in accounting reports and improve report quality through outreach activities could be confirmed by the statistics of the two years analyzed earlier. In the future, if the reporting program used by the facility operators is improved to minimize errors and manage the accounting reporting system through continuous maintenance work, the quality of the accounting reports will be upgraded to the next level.

This study investigated the effect of May 31, 2022 Miryang wildfire on fine particle concentrations in Busan and Gimhae, which are neighboring urban areas. In addition, fine particle characteristics and air pollution concentrations were investigated in Miryang, where haze occurred. The Miryang city wildfire that occurred on May 31, 2022, at 0925 LST, was driven by strong north winds and increased fine particle concentrations in Dongsangdong and Jangyoodong, Gimhae City, which are approximately 35 km to the southeast and south, respectively, of the wildfire occurrence site. Furthermore, the fine particle concentration in Myeongjidong, which is approximately 50 km south-southeast of the wildfire site, exhibited a temporary increase at 1400 LST owing to the effects of wildfire smoke. On the morning of June 1, the day after the fire, the Miryang area had very bad visibility because of the smoke from the fire. Therefore the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Naeildong, 3 km south of the wildfire site, were 276 μg/㎥ and 222 μg/㎥, respectively, at 1200 LST. In addition, the gases O3, CO, and SO2 showed high concentrations at the time of haze generation. This study provides insights into policy making in response to the rapid increase in fine dust when wildfire occurs near cities.

This study investigated the effect of volcanic materials that erupted from the Nishinoshima volcano, Japan, 1,300 km southeast of the Busan area at the end of July 2020, on the fine particle concentration in the Busan area. Backward trajectory analysis from the HYSPLIT model showed that the air parcel from the Nishinoshima volcano turned clockwise along the edge of the North Pacific high pressure and reached the Busan area. From August 4 to August 5, 2020, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in Busan started to increase rapidly from 1000 LST on August 4, and showed a high concentration for approximately 13 hours until 2400 LST. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio showed a relatively high value of 0.7 or more, and the SO2 concentration also showed a high value at the time when the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were relatively high. The SO4 2- concentration in PM2.5 in Busan showed a similar trend to the change in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. It rose sharply from 1300 LST on August 4, at the time where it was expected to have been affected by the Nishinoshima Volcano. This study has shown that the occurrence of high concentration fine particle in Busan in summer has the potential to affect Korea not only due to anthropogenic factors but also from natural causes such as volcanic eruptions in Japan.

This study investigated the weather conditions, fine particle concentration, and ion components in PM2.5 when two cold fronts passed through Busan in succession on February 1 and 2, 2021. A analysis of the surface weather chart, AWS, and backward trajectory revealed that the first cold front passed through the Busan at 0900 LST on February 1, 2021, with the second cold front arriving at 0100 LST on February 2, 2021. According to the PM10 concentration of the KMA, the timing of the cold front passage had a close relationship with the occurrence of the highest concentration of fine particles. The transport time of the cold front from Baengnyeongdo to Mt. Gudeok was approximately 11 hours . The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Busan started to increase after the first cold front had passed, and the maximum concentration occurred two hours after the second cold front passed. The SO4 2-, NO3 -, and NH4 + concentration in PM2.5 started to increase from 1100 to 1200 LST on February 1, after the first cold front passed, and peaked at 0100 LST to 0300 LST on February 2. However, the highest Ca2+ concentration was recorded 2-3 hours after the second cold front had passed.

Since the National Research and Development Innovation Act. was enacted, evaluation and management of research outputs become more important. The research output is defined as all types of information resources produced from the scientific research activities in each research phase, such as learning, proposing, performing, and publishing. Among them, research outputs mainly from the publishing phase have been systematically managed, including articles, books, technical reports, patents, and software. KINAC, like other Korean R&D institutions, has also achieved growth in research outputs, through continuously increased investment in R&D projects. However, R&D productivity, technology transfer, and commercialization remain low level. The importance of R&D performance diffusion has been emphasized. It’s because the creation of economic value through the utilization of research results has been emerging as a key issue in R&D policy. Therefore, various policies are being nationally pursued to promote the utilization of research achievements, but the results are not being effectively utilized and disseminated. In the field of nuclear nonproliferation and security, it is also difficult to diffuse the R&D performance. In this study, the research outputs of KINAC from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. A number of research outputs have been made and managed, but the R&D performances have not been analyzed and identified yet. In addition, supportive methods were suggested for efficient performance management toward diffusion. For this purpose, some policies of Korea and other countries concerning performance diffusion -related policies were reviewed. The best practices of performance management and applications were also reviewed and compared to the KINAC cases. As a result, the number of research output has dramatically increased during the last 10 years, showing an average annual total output of 84 and year-on-year increase of 18%. The biggest change was in the conference papers and journals, whereas, there were no trends by year in the case of the technical reports and patents. Of course, it was proportional to the size of the organization, the number of research projects, and its budget. Because many studies highlight the importance of institutional resources, capabilities, and processes for performance management as factors affecting efficient diffusion, the current status of our process was also identified. This study is expected to be applied to the improvement of the performance management of the institute, leading to the enhancement of the R&D performance application.

In 2004, in order to comply with UN Security Council Resolution 1540, the European Union (EU) came into force with Regulation 428/2009 for the export control of dual-use items, which has been working to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). In August 2021, it amended the EU 821/2021 to include mandating the introduction of ICPs for exporters in the member countries in order to strengthen controls over the transfer of tangible and intangible technologies. The main contents are as follows; 1) Mandatory introduction of Internal Compliance Program (ICP): Exporters within the EU countries should introduce a transaction review procedure through the ICP in consideration of their size and organization. 2) Export control on Cyber Surveillance Items to protect human rights: In order to protect human rights and comply with the obligations of international human rights law, EU countries should implement export controls on cyber-monitoring items exported from customs zones in the EU. Cyber surveillance items are specially designed to monitor, extract, collect or analyze data such as biometrics through intrusion of information and communication systems or deep packet hijacking. However, items used for purely commercial programs such as billing, marketing, quality service, user satisfaction or network security are excluded. 3) Expansion of the Catch-all system: EU countries should utilize the catch-all system to strengthen export controls on cyber-monitoring items, including dual-use items. 4) Strengthening control over the cloud: Exporters and EU countries should extend the scope of intangible technology transfer, such as electronic media, fax, and telephone, outside the EU’s customs territory, and apply export control regulations such as general or comprehensive licenses to cloud transmissions outside the EU territory. 5) Introduction of large-scale project authorization: To reduce the administrative burden on enterprises (especially small and medium-sized enterprises) and authorities when exporters with individual or collective licenses export to one or more specific end-users for the purpose of large scale projects, provided that they ensure the implementation of an appropriate level of export controls; EU countries may introduce large-scale project license systems in the form of general authorization. Recently, there is a possibility that the ROK would export its nuclear technologies including APR1400 to the EU member countries in the midst of the EU adoption of carbon-zero policy. In this paper, we have analyzed the EU export control regulations and suggested the future direction of nuclear export control programs in the ROK.

Thermospheric wind observations from high to mid latitudes are compared with the newly developed Multiscale Atmosphere Geospace Environment (MAGE) model for the Nov 3–4 geomagnetic storm. The observation and simulation comparison shows a very good agreement and is better at high latitudes in general. We were able to identify a thermospheric poleward wind reduction possibly linked to a northward turning of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) at ~22 UT on Nov 3 and an enhancement of the poleward wind to a southward turning near 10 UT on Nov 4 at high latitudes. An IMF southward turning may have led to an enhancement of equatorward winds at Boulder, Colorado near midnight. Simultaneous occurrence of aurora may be associated with an IMF By turning negative. The MAGE model wind simulations are consistent with observations in these cases. The results show the model can be a very useful tool to further study the magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling on short time scales.

이 연구는 한국어교육 어휘의 토대 연구로써, 한국어에서 ‘인생/ 삶’의 은유적 개념화 중 구조적 은유가 어떤 양상으로 나타나는가를 살펴 보는 데 그 목적이 있었다. 그 내용을 정리하면 인생/삶의 본질에 관한 은유에서는 인생/삶을 꿈, 이야기, 사계절, 온도, 농사, 건축, 하루, 배움, 9품사, 문장, 그림, 연극, 여행, 항해로 이해하고 있었다. 그리고 인생/삶의 본질에서 벗어난 은유에서는 인생/삶을 상거래, 경영, 전쟁, 스포츠, 도박, 게임, 키보드로 이해하고 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 인생/삶을 ‘이야기, 사계 절, 온도, 건축, 배움, 9품사, 문장, 그림, 항해’ 그리고 ‘상거래, 경영, 전쟁, 스포츠, 게임, 키보드’로 이해하는 것을 새롭게 밝혀낼 수 있었다. 특히 우 리가 인생/삶을 ‘상거래’나 ‘경영’으로 이해하는 것은 최근 국제적 금융자 본의 지배와 세계화의 영향 아래 있음을 보여준다. 또한 인생/삶을 ‘도박, 게임, 키보드’로 이해하는 것은 금융자본과 세계화에서 낙오한 이들이 갖 는 요행수와 인터넷 게임과 함께 성장한 젊은 세대들이 갖는 욕망을 보여 주는 근거가 된다고 할 수 있다.

Geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste is considered the most effective method to isolate high-level radioactive waste from the biosphere. A high-level radioactive waste repository is designed to be placed at a deep depth and generally consists of canisters, buffer material, and host rock. In the disposal system, the heat from the canister occurs for millions of years due to the long half-life of the high-level radioactive waste, and the heat induces vaporization of groundwater in the buffer material. The resaturation process also occurs due to groundwater inflow from the host rock by the hydraulic head and capillarity. The saturation variation leads to the heat transfer and multi-phase flow in the buffer material, and thermal pressurization of groundwater due to the heat affects the effective stress change in the host rock. The stress change can make the porosity and permeability change in the flow system of the host rock, and the flow system affects the nuclide migration to the biosphere. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the complex thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupled behavior to secure the repository’s long-term safety. DECOVALEX is an international cooperating project to develop numerical methods and models for predicting the THMC interactions in the disposal systems through validation and comparison with test results. In Task C of DECOVALEX-2023, nine participating groups (BGR, BGE, CAS, ENSI, GRS, KAERI, LBNL, NWMO, Sandia) models the full-scale emplacement (FE) experiments at the Mont Terri underground rock laboratory and focus on understanding pore pressure development, heat transfer, thermal pressurization, vaporization and resaturation process in the disposal system. In the FE experiment, three heaters generated heat with constant power for five years at a 1:1 scale in the emplacement tunnel based on Nagra’s reference repository design. KAERI used OGS-FLAC3D for the numerical simulation, combining OpenGeoSys for TH simulation and FLAC3D for M simulation. We generated a full-scale three-dimensional numerical model with a dimension of 100 by 100 by 60 meters. The pressure and temperature distribution were well simulated with the host rock's anisotropy. Based on the capillarity, we observed vaporization and resaturation in the bentonite under the twophase flow system. We plan to compare the simulation results with the field data and investigate the effect of input parameters, including thermal conductivity and pore compressibility affecting the thermal and flow system.

기후 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 북극해는 지구 기후 변화의 흔적을 고스란히 간직하고 있으므로, 북 극해 퇴적물 연구는 지구 기후 변화를 연구하는 데 매우 중요하다. 2016년에 수행된 아라온호의 ARA07C 북 극해 탐사를 통하여 동시베리아해 연변부에서 획득한 ARA07C-St02B 중력 코어를 이용하여 퇴적학적, 광물 학적, 지화학적 특성을 연구하고 이를 이용하여 기원지를 추정하였다. 코어 퇴적물은 색, 입도와 빙운쇄설물 의 함량에 의하여 4개의 유닛으로 구분하였는데, 갈색층을 포함하는 유닛 1과 3은 회색층으로 구성된 유닛 2 와 4보다 모래와 빙운쇄설물의 함량이 다소 높다. ARA07C-St02B 코어 주변에서 연구된 ARA03B-27 코어 와 비교를 통하여 이들은 MIS (Marine Isotope Stage) 1부터 4시기에 퇴적된 것으로 여겨진다. 갈색층을 포 함하는 유닛들과 회색층으로 이루어진 유닛 사이에는 벌크 광물 조성, 점토광물 조성, 지화학 조성에서 차이 가 난다. 벌크 광물과 점토광물 특성은 조립질 퇴적물과 세립질 퇴적물 사이에 기원지가 다를 수 있음을 시 사한다. 조립질 퇴적물은 대부분 랍테프해와 동시베리아해로부터 동시베리아 연안류나 추크치해로부터 보퍼트 환류를 따라 운반된 것으로 여겨지지만, 세립질 퇴적물은 대부분 동시베리아해, 추크치해, 보퍼트해로부터 해 류에 의하여 운반된 것으로 추정된다. 유닛 1의 일부 조립질 퇴적물과 유닛 3의 세립질 퇴적물은 보퍼트해와 캐나다 북극 군도로부터 해류, 빙산 또는 해빙에 의하여 연구 지역에 퇴적된 것으로 판단된다. 잠재적인 근 원지의 지화학 조성에 관한 자료를 획득하게 되면, 연구 지역의 코어 퇴적물의 기원지와 공급 방법에 대하여 좀 더 자세하게 규명될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

From January 1, 2020, the International Maritime Organization has implemented a global regulation, known as IMO 2020, to reduce the sulfur content in fuel oil of ships from 3.5% to 0.5%. In this study, we used data from air monitoring stations to evaluate the change in air quality at New Port and North Port in Korea areas after the regulation was implemented. The concentration of SO2 and NO2 was higher in the port areas than in the surrounding areas due to exhaust gas from ships and vehicles. However, the SO2 concentration decreased by more than 50% in the port area, demonstrating the efficiency and positive effect of the IMO 2020 sulfur limit.