본 논문은 낭만주의 시대라는 스펙트럼 속에 슈만을 전형적 낭만주의자로 각인시켰던 종래의 편 향적인 시각을 극복하는 시도이다. 여기서는 외적인 현실에서 벗어나 음악의 미적 자율성과 예술성 을 극대화한 낭만주의와 함께, 왕정복고시대라는 역사적 이행기에 체념적 내지 현실 참여적 비더마 이어음악 발전에 모두 개입한 이들이 독일 교육시민계급이며 슈만이 이 특정 계급에 속함을 입증한 다. 먼저 교육시민의 형성사와 정치관, 독일혁명기(1848/9) 태도, 취향 등을 해체한 후 그들이 향유 한 음악장르 위주로 비더마이어음악사를 간략히 재구성한다. 다음으로 이 교육시민계급을 분석 틀 로 삼아 슈만의 혈통과 교육 및 성장배경, 정치관과 음악관, 음악 커리어와 작품 집필의 경향 변천, 학계 최대 난제 중 하나인 혁명기와 그 이후 내보인 소위 ‘모호’하다는 태도를 정밀하게 추적한다. 그리하여 교육시민계급 음악가 슈만에게 마치 괴테의 반복투영개념처럼 낭만주의와 특히 참여적 비 더마이어 경향이 정당하게 공존하며 필생의 음악세계를 형성해갔고, 이를 통해 그가 예술성을 극도 로 고양시킨 위대한 음악가임은 물론 독일근대사의 발전과 함께 호흡한 시대지성이었음을 논구해낸 다. 이 같은 연구결과는 궁극적으로 음악사학의 정체성을 명실상부한 인문학의 한 분야로 설정하고, 동종 인문학과 연관 사회과학계열 학문들과의 연계·맥락화 속에서 도출 가능했음이 강조된다.

Most grid sorting has been used to sort out flatfish in shrimp fisheries, while double grid systems have been tested to separate smaller shrimp. The escape of juvenile red seabream through separating panels made with steel grids or large mesh tested for masking effects in a two-species system. Fish behavior was observed in a circulating water tank. The escape rate was 20% greater with the separating codends than with the normal codend in the single-species experiments. The rates in the two-species experiments were 30% or 20% greater than the single-species rates for the normal or separating codends, respectively. The seabream retention rates in the grid separator codend decreased as rockfish retention increased, possibly due to a threat effect. Conversely, the retention rate of both species increased concurrently in the net separator, possibly due to a masking effect. The escape rates of juvenile red seabream varied by compartment in the mesh separating codend. These results suggest that grid separating codends can be used in the field as towed fishing gear to reduce juvenile catch.

Dynamics of predator-prey systems are strongly affected by the strategic behavior of both predator and prey. Thus, understanding the relationship between the strategic behavior and the species survival is necessary to comprehend the system resilience and stability. In the present study, we constructed a spatially explicit lattice model to simulate integrative predator (wolf)-prey (two rabbit species)-plant relationships. Wolves have only the hunting strategy, while rabbits have the hunting-escaping strategy. When a rabbit simultaneously encounters its predator (wolves) and prey (plant), either hunting or escaping should take priority. Hunting priority is referred to as hunting preferred strategy (HPS), while escape priority is referred to as escape preferred strategy (EPS). These strategies are associated with some degree of willingness to either hunt (H) or escape (E). One rabbit species takes HPS (HPS-rabbit) and the other rabbit species takes EPS (EPS-rabbit). We investigated the changes in predicted population density for wolves, rabbits, and plant with changes in the value of H and E. Simulation results indicated that EPS-rabbit had a greater chance for survival than HPS-rabbit regardless of the initial density of EPS-rabbit, and the chance was optimized at the appropriate values of E and H. In addition, we briefly discussed the development of our model as a tool for understanding behavioral strategies in specific predatorprey interactions.

This thesis is the fundamental study on the adaptation of escape device for reducing small size of fish in set-net. The escape devices for experiments were made the grid-type devices with three different slit sizes (15, 20 and 25mm). The experiments of size selectivity on escape devices were conducted by using two kinds of species as black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and sea perch (Lateolabrax maculatusi) in the experimental tank. The size selectivity curve was fitted by using a logistic function and the parameters of selectivity curve were estimated by a maximum likelihood method. In the results; 50% selection ranges for the grid-type escape devices with three different slit sizes were; a black rockfish was 13.30, 19.22 and 22.06cm and a sea perch was 17.64, 20.91 and 22.78cm, respectively. The 50% selection range of a black rockfish was wilder than a sea perch about 1.1~1.3 time. Therefore, the small size of fish are able to reduce by using the grid type escape device. However, the optimum slit size of grid should be decided to consider the size of target species and economics of catches.

In this paper, we propose the escape game Loony considering natural interaction. For user's immersion, the proposed game is designed similar to the real world such as a security card key, its card reader, coin, and a vending machine. In order for the user to easily understand the situation in the virtual environment, the proposed game provides enough information in game user interface. For easy operation, the proposed game reacts based on simple input method: mouse and just few keys on keyboard. For the purpose of verifying the effects of the interaction between the proposed game and the user, we compare the proposed game with two previous escape games based on the observational evaluation and the questionnaire evaluation. The evaluation results show that the proposed game is better than the previous games on the operation feeling and the situational awareness of the users.

Escape pattern of the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) based on individual gallery was investigated. The survey was conducted in four oak forests located in Chuncheon, Hanam, Paju and Seongnam, and escape patterns from individual gallery were surveyed using emergence trap attached at the entrances of galleries formed in 2010. The number of adults caught in each trap was periodically counted from May 2011 to September 2012. The adults ambrosia beetle was caught over two years after infestation. The escape patterns in the first and second year after infestation showed different types; in the first year, escape of adults from gallery was observed one or two times whereas escape from gallery was observed two times in the second year with variation in aspect of escape density and timing. Moreover, variations in escape pattern between trees or between galleries in the same tree was observed. Colonization success rate in living tree was higher than that of dead tree, but the number of progeny per gallery in living tree was lower than that of dead tree. Colonization success rate in the galleries of second year was lower than that of first year, but the number of progeny per gallery of second year was higher than that of first year.

1. 본 연구에서는 GM 유채(Brassica napus)의 환경방출실험시의 안전관리를 위한 모니터링을 수행하였다. 2. 문헌조사를 통해 유채의 품종 순도 유지를 위한 격리거리와 교잡가능한 종을 확인함으로써 모니터링의 범위와 모니터링 대상 식물종을 결정하였다. 3. GM 유채의 격리포장으로부터 1.3 km 거리 범위 내에서 발견된 B. napus, B. juncea 및 B. oleracea를 대상으로 모니터링을 실시한 결과, 교잡을 통한 유전자의 유출은 발견되지 않았다.

Apple borers such as oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae), and peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) can reduce the yield and its quality if not managed properly. Even peach fruit moth infestation in harvested apple could produce quarantine problem in exportation. We investigated the temporal distribution of apple borers infestation in an apple orchard where the infestation level of fruit was around 95% from September to early December, 2010. Every week, 150 apples were harvested from the apple orchard in Giran, Andong, Korea and 50 apples were cut to monitor the number of larval infestation. At the same time another 100 apples were kept in plastic container inside and outside the laboratory 50 each to check the escape of the infested larvae for overwintering cocoon formation. All larvae collected were identified based on the morphology and also verified by DNA sequence. The study indicates that the numbers of the infested larvae increased from September to October second week and then slightly decreased until early December with similar number of holes per apple. The holes produced by the escaping larvae were mostly found on dorsal side of the apple, but less on basal portion. Most of the infested larvae escaped from apple during late October to early November. Based on morphological characters such as anal comb, crocket and pupation shelter, the collected larvae were identified. 42.31% of larvae were G.molesta, 52.59% of larvae were C.sasakii and 5.10% were other species not identified.

In order to design the optimal escape vent for the coon strip shrimp pot, the tank experiments were conducted with the model pot of five different slit height and slit width, respectively. The optimal height and width of escape vent were determined to 20mm and 40mm by tank experiments, respectively. These were determined by the 50% selection carapace length which was denoted to 25mm in selectivity curve. The escape experiments were conducted to determine a number of escape vent with the original shrimp pot to be set the designed escape vent from 2 vents to 10 vents increasing at intervals of 2 vents in tank. The optimal number of escape vents denoted 8 vents. Therefore, to apply the escape vent in commercial shrimp pot will be efficient to reduce small size shrimps to catch.

This study was performed to investigate the escape of pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, from two vector species (Monochamus alternatus and M. saltuarius) through oviposition and feeding behavior. First, we checked number of PWNs escaped from M. alternatus emerged from three different cases of pine logs. In case A, healthy pine trees were cut into logs and left in pine forest infected with PWN. In case B, healthy pine trees were cut into logs, left in large screen cage, and let them oviposited by M. alternatus emerged from pine trees infested with PWN. In case C, pine trees which were harboring M. alternatus were cut into logs, and PWN was inoculated artificially. The M. alternatus adults emerged from the above three cases of pine logs were checked in the next year to know how many PWN they were harboring in their bodies. The percentages of M. alternatus harboring PWN (18.3 and 15.6%, respectively) and number of nematodes per vector (5,713.1±9,248.3 and 2,034.1±4,746.8 PWNs, respectively) in case A and B logs are similar to each other. However, the percentage and the number in case C (38.3% and 20,083.1±32,188.3 PWNs) were higher than those of case A and B. Among 52 M. alternatus adults harboring PWN from all the three cases, 20 adults (38.5%) were harboring more than 5,000 PWNs per beetle. And these 20 adults were harboring 97.9% of the total PWNs in 52 adults. Second, we checked the daily escape of PWNs from M. alternatus and M. saltuarius collected at pine forest infested with PWN. The PWN escaped from their vector body for 34.9±12.4 days for M. alternatus, and for 23.9±16.2 days for M. saltuarius, reaching at peak escape during the 2nd week of emergence of the two vector species. A 44.5 and 47.2% to the total PWNs escaped from vector body within 2 weeks of vector emergence for M. alternatus and M. saltuarius, respectively. The number of PWNs escaped from each vector was 3,570.6±5,189.2 and 1,556.2±1,710.3 for M. alternatus and M. saltuarius, respectively.

이 글의 목적은 인터넷 이용자에게 안전한 서비스 플랫폼 환경을 만들어 주기 위해 만든 한국의 법과 제도가 오히려 이용자 이탈을 야기하는 딜레마를 보여주는데 있다. 딜레마가 발생하는 이유는 규제가 서비스 플랫폼의 중립성을 심각하게 훼손하고 있기 때문이다. 즉, 한국의 인터넷 정책은 이용자가 어떠한 행태를 보일 것인지에 대한 고민 없이 오로지 부작용 해소라는 일방적 가치만 달성하려 하고, 그 일방적 가치가 이용자로 하여금 서비스 플랫폼의 신뢰성을 크게 떨어뜨리고 있는 것이다. 실례로 정부는 이용자가 작성한 게시물에 대해서는 보호보다 삭제에, 그리고 이용자의 통신자료에 대해서는 프라이버시보다 범죄예방 혹은 국가안보에 더 충실하도록 플랫폼 사업자에게 요구하고 있다. 그러한 정책의 결말은 명약관화하다. 인터넷은 국경이 없기 때문에 이용자는 더 편한 서비스를 찾아 해외로 떠나게 되고 사업자는 이용자가 없는 서비스를 더 이상 운영할 수 없게 된다. 다른 무엇보다 정책 당국으로서는 국내 이용자를 통제할 방법이 없게 된다. 모든 기술발전의 역사가 그러하듯 인터넷이라는 신기술도 역기능이 존재한다. 게시물 중에는 분명 욕설ㆍ비방ㆍ저작권 침해ㆍ개인정보 누출 우려가 있는 것들이 있으며, 국가안보에 위해를 가하거나 범죄를 계획하는 통신자료가 있을 수 있다. 이러한 정보는 마땅히 지워야 하고 미리 알아내 예방해야 한다. 누구든 그러하고 싶지 않겠는가? 특히나 사회 안전망 구축 등 공공의 이익을 우선시해야 하는 국가기관이라면 말이다. 그러나 기술을 바라보는 시각은 일방향일 수 없다. 칼이 흉기로 사용될 수 있다고 해서 국가가 모두 수거해 폐기처분할 것인가? 칼 제조업자에게 위험하지 않도록 칼을 무디게 만들라고 지시할 것인가? 칼이 무엇이며 어떻게 사용해야 하는지 스스로 이해하고 또 이해시키는 것이 우선임에도 불구하고 칼이 위험하다는 경고만 해댈 것인가? 한마디로 한국적 인터넷 서비스 플랫폼은 마치 칼을 무디게 만들라는 것과 같은 규제의 딜레마에 직면해 있다. 문제는 (게시물과 통신자료 제출 사례를 통해 살펴보겠지만) 이러한 규제가 서비스 플랫폼의 신뢰와 중립성을 심각하게 훼손하게 되며, 그 결과 사업자에게는 이용자 이탈, 정부에게는 규제 불능이라는 상황을 초래한다는 것이다.

Because of not accepted on escape using elevators in fire emergency has some background. In the background elevator hoistway has turn into smoke spread route in fire. The escape that used an elevator was not able to make ends meet; of the big confusion is expected that cannot control the escape adequately, and do that elevator facilities breakdown possibility by the fire water, the escaper shut in car. Therefore ban on elevator service in fire time as a general rule. Recently, a few company promote super high-rise architecture in the country, a fire disaster prevention and human life safety measures preparation for PBD(A Performance Based Fire Protection Design) are studied concretely. And there is the escape example in fire time that used an elevator in the foreign country. You must promote it so that the escape measures that used enclosed stairway and an elevator in charge of a function of the mutual supplement. The result of this research can be used for establishing the standard and regulation for using elevators in fire emergency.

The trends in building construction these days are moving towards having better work spaces and greater suitability for the use of information technology. Therefore people can work in a more relaxed delightful and pleasant environment. Accident such as like fire could cause the mass destruction of human beings. This paper aims to evaluate the path of the spread of a fire and the suitability of fire fighting appliances for maximum egress time. General advanced phase of compartment. Aswell, we analyzed and verified the path of the flame in compartment fires. Also we conducted an analysis of the adaptation of sprinkler systems concerned with sprinkler RTI. Moreover those evaluation is made more earlier by the development and use of computer simulation program and rapid progress to apply PBFD (Performance Based Fire Design).

The trends in building construction these days are moving towards having better work space and greater suitability for the use of information technology, Therefore people can work in a more relaxed, delightful and pleasant environment. So accidents like fire could cause the mass destruction of human beings. In this paper, we estimated the escape time from a building and simulated the study results on computer to see how safe it would be in a real situation.

This study represents a fundamental research for a passenger-ship escape guidance system that is a ship-borne agent, and it is for the support of escape decision-making by providing accurate maritime safety information in real time. We conducted a passenger escaping experiment on a training ship, SAEYUDAL, using the situation-aware escape guidance system, which has been developed for on-board application based on products for buildings. It is shown that the system contributes to the shortening of the escape duration and the dispersion of the escaping persons by generating and guiding the safe escape routes which dangerous areas are considered. From the experiment on ship's heeling condition, it is revealed that the heeling angle is linearly related to the escape duration. Therefore, this study shows that the shortening of the escape duration enables a safe and rapid mustering that is the most important process under emergency and appropriate incident responses to minimize loss of lives.