This study aims to understand the opening efficiency of the finless porpoise escape guide net by the type of extension net that is the part to which the escape guide net is attached in stow net. To this end, extension nets were manufactured in full size and the net mouth area and towing tension were investigated according to the towing speed (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m/s) and the type of extension net (25 mm net and raschel net) in the water tank. As a result, the net mouth area of the guide net was larger when the raschel net was used for the extension net than when the 25 mm net was used under all towing speeds. In addition, regardless of the type of extension net, the net mouth area reached about 80% of the maximum value at a towing speed of 0.4 m/s. In the field, fishing operation of stow net is performed only when the current speed is above 0.4 m/s. Therefore, the speed of 0.4 m/s was confirmed as a meaningful value to determine whether it is possible to operate. As a result of analyzing the relationship between the net mouth area of the guide net and the towing tension, it was confirmed that the difference in the net mouth area of the guide net according to the type of the extension net was due to the difference in the solidity ratio.

We investigate the escape of Lyβ from emission nebulae with a significant population of excited hydrogen atoms in the level n = 2, rendering them optically thick in Hα. The transfer of Lyβ line photons in these optically thick regions is complicated by the presence of another scattering channel leading to re-emission of Hα, alternating their identities between Lyβ and Hα. In this work, we develop a Monte Carlo code to simulate the transfer of Lyβ line photons incorporating the scattering channel into Hα. Both Hα and Lyβ lines are formed through diffusion in frequency space, where a line photon enters the wing regime after a fairly large number of resonance scatterings with hydrogen atoms. Various line profiles of Hα and Lyβ emergent from our model nebulae are presented. It is argued that the electron temperature is a critical parameter which controls the flux ratio of emergent Lyβ and Hα. Specifically for T = 3 × 104 K and Hα line center optical depth α = 10, the number flux ratio of emergent Lyβ and Hα is ∼ 49 percent, which is quite significant. We propose that the leaking Lyβ can be an interesting source for the formation of Hα wings observed in many symbiotic stars and active galactic nuclei. Similar broad Hα wings are also expected in Lyα emitting halos found in the early universe, which can be potentially probed by the James Webb Telescope in the future.

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of Room-Escape games based on play and to derive unique narrative conventions of Room-Escape games that appear on various platforms such as online, offline, and virtual reality. The Room-Escape game sets up the 'room' and strengthens the magic circle, allowing the player to experience the 'insideness' of the place. It also applies the plot of 'the riddle' to induces players to solve puzzles and quests, as well as to infer narrative satellite events and probabilities. The Room-Escape game is a unique game genre that appears through the integration of game and narrative. It is classified into Escape-purpose-oriented type that emphasizes interaction with objects and rules, and Escape-process-oriented type which shows the enhancement of narrative features. The Room-Escape game is a game that reflects a contemporary aspect of Korean modern society desiring to escape from daily life and return at the same time.

솔수염하늘소는 소나무에 시들음 증상을 유발하여 괴사시키는 소나무재선충을 매개하는 대표적 매개충이다. 소나무재선충병 고사목 방제 살충처리 방법으로 훈증방법을 대체할 수 있는 그물망을 이용한 방제법이 도입되고 있다. 본 연구는 솔수염하늘소의 쏠기와 탈출 행동을 유발시 키는 조건을 구명하기 위하여 구속 공간 및 온도를 달리 처리하고 탈출여부를 조사하였다. 솔수염하늘소는 직경 30 mm 이하의 공간에 구속되었 을 때 장애물을 뚫고 탈출이 가능하였다. 온도 15°C에서는 탈출에 성공하지 못하였으며, 20~30°C 범위에서 탈출 성공률이 높았다. 먹이를 이용 한 솔수염하늘소의 유인은 탈출 성공률에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 좁은 공간에 구속되지 않는 경우는 갉는 부위가 집중되지 않아 탈출공을 형성하 지 못하였다. 구속된 공간에서 솔수염하늘소는 가운데와 뒷다리 부절을 이용해 좁은 공간에서 몸을 이동시키며 큰턱으로 정면에 있는 장애물을 집중적으로 갉아서 탈출공을 만들고 앞다리를 뻗어 몸을 지탱하면서 빠져나오는 행동을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 훈증 대체기술로 제시되고 있 는 구속 그물망의 성능을 평가하는데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Most grid sorting has been used to sort out flatfish in shrimp fisheries, while double grid systems have been tested to separate smaller shrimp. The escape of juvenile red seabream through separating panels made with steel grids or large mesh tested for masking effects in a two-species system. Fish behavior was observed in a circulating water tank. The escape rate was 20% greater with the separating codends than with the normal codend in the single-species experiments. The rates in the two-species experiments were 30% or 20% greater than the single-species rates for the normal or separating codends, respectively. The seabream retention rates in the grid separator codend decreased as rockfish retention increased, possibly due to a threat effect. Conversely, the retention rate of both species increased concurrently in the net separator, possibly due to a masking effect. The escape rates of juvenile red seabream varied by compartment in the mesh separating codend. These results suggest that grid separating codends can be used in the field as towed fishing gear to reduce juvenile catch.

Dynamics of predator-prey systems are strongly affected by the strategic behavior of both predator and prey. Thus, understanding the relationship between the strategic behavior and the species survival is necessary to comprehend the system resilience and stability. In the present study, we constructed a spatially explicit lattice model to simulate integrative predator (wolf)-prey (two rabbit species)-plant relationships. Wolves have only the hunting strategy, while rabbits have the hunting-escaping strategy. When a rabbit simultaneously encounters its predator (wolves) and prey (plant), either hunting or escaping should take priority. Hunting priority is referred to as hunting preferred strategy (HPS), while escape priority is referred to as escape preferred strategy (EPS). These strategies are associated with some degree of willingness to either hunt (H) or escape (E). One rabbit species takes HPS (HPS-rabbit) and the other rabbit species takes EPS (EPS-rabbit). We investigated the changes in predicted population density for wolves, rabbits, and plant with changes in the value of H and E. Simulation results indicated that EPS-rabbit had a greater chance for survival than HPS-rabbit regardless of the initial density of EPS-rabbit, and the chance was optimized at the appropriate values of E and H. In addition, we briefly discussed the development of our model as a tool for understanding behavioral strategies in specific predatorprey interactions.

This thesis is the fundamental study on the adaptation of escape device for reducing small size of fish in set-net. The escape devices for experiments were made the grid-type devices with three different slit sizes (15, 20 and 25mm). The experiments of size selectivity on escape devices were conducted by using two kinds of species as black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and sea perch (Lateolabrax maculatusi) in the experimental tank. The size selectivity curve was fitted by using a logistic function and the parameters of selectivity curve were estimated by a maximum likelihood method. In the results; 50% selection ranges for the grid-type escape devices with three different slit sizes were; a black rockfish was 13.30, 19.22 and 22.06cm and a sea perch was 17.64, 20.91 and 22.78cm, respectively. The 50% selection range of a black rockfish was wilder than a sea perch about 1.1~1.3 time. Therefore, the small size of fish are able to reduce by using the grid type escape device. However, the optimum slit size of grid should be decided to consider the size of target species and economics of catches.

In this paper, we propose the escape game Loony considering natural interaction. For user's immersion, the proposed game is designed similar to the real world such as a security card key, its card reader, coin, and a vending machine. In order for the user to easily understand the situation in the virtual environment, the proposed game provides enough information in game user interface. For easy operation, the proposed game reacts based on simple input method: mouse and just few keys on keyboard. For the purpose of verifying the effects of the interaction between the proposed game and the user, we compare the proposed game with two previous escape games based on the observational evaluation and the questionnaire evaluation. The evaluation results show that the proposed game is better than the previous games on the operation feeling and the situational awareness of the users.

Escape pattern of the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) based on individual gallery was investigated. The survey was conducted in four oak forests located in Chuncheon, Hanam, Paju and Seongnam, and escape patterns from individual gallery were surveyed using emergence trap attached at the entrances of galleries formed in 2010. The number of adults caught in each trap was periodically counted from May 2011 to September 2012. The adults ambrosia beetle was caught over two years after infestation. The escape patterns in the first and second year after infestation showed different types; in the first year, escape of adults from gallery was observed one or two times whereas escape from gallery was observed two times in the second year with variation in aspect of escape density and timing. Moreover, variations in escape pattern between trees or between galleries in the same tree was observed. Colonization success rate in living tree was higher than that of dead tree, but the number of progeny per gallery in living tree was lower than that of dead tree. Colonization success rate in the galleries of second year was lower than that of first year, but the number of progeny per gallery of second year was higher than that of first year.

1. 본 연구에서는 GM 유채(Brassica napus)의 환경방출실험시의 안전관리를 위한 모니터링을 수행하였다. 2. 문헌조사를 통해 유채의 품종 순도 유지를 위한 격리거리와 교잡가능한 종을 확인함으로써 모니터링의 범위와 모니터링 대상 식물종을 결정하였다. 3. GM 유채의 격리포장으로부터 1.3 km 거리 범위 내에서 발견된 B. napus, B. juncea 및 B. oleracea를 대상으로 모니터링을 실시한 결과, 교잡을 통한 유전자의 유출은 발견되지 않았다.

Apple borers such as oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae), and peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) can reduce the yield and its quality if not managed properly. Even peach fruit moth infestation in harvested apple could produce quarantine problem in exportation. We investigated the temporal distribution of apple borers infestation in an apple orchard where the infestation level of fruit was around 95% from September to early December, 2010. Every week, 150 apples were harvested from the apple orchard in Giran, Andong, Korea and 50 apples were cut to monitor the number of larval infestation. At the same time another 100 apples were kept in plastic container inside and outside the laboratory 50 each to check the escape of the infested larvae for overwintering cocoon formation. All larvae collected were identified based on the morphology and also verified by DNA sequence. The study indicates that the numbers of the infested larvae increased from September to October second week and then slightly decreased until early December with similar number of holes per apple. The holes produced by the escaping larvae were mostly found on dorsal side of the apple, but less on basal portion. Most of the infested larvae escaped from apple during late October to early November. Based on morphological characters such as anal comb, crocket and pupation shelter, the collected larvae were identified. 42.31% of larvae were G.molesta, 52.59% of larvae were C.sasakii and 5.10% were other species not identified.