Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by GLA mutations, leading to a deficiency in α-Galactosidase A activity and subsequent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). This accumulation contributes to progressive multiorgan dysfunction, with cardiovascular complications, particularly endothelial dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy being major drivers of disease morbidity and mortality. Although enzyme replacement therapy is currently the standard treatment, its effectiveness is limited in addressing advanced cardiovascular pathology. To better understand Fabry-associated vascular and cardiac phenotypes, an isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model in which GLA was knocked out was developed using CRISPR/ Cas9. GLA-knockout (GLA-KO) hiPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) to evaluate disease-relevant phenotypes in vitro . GLA-KO ECs exhibited normal morphology and differentiation capacity but showed markedly impaired tube formation, high expression of inflammatory genes ICAM1, VCAM1, and SELE, and increased mitochondrial and cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species levels. GLA-KO CMs demonstrated enlarged cell size and nuclear translocation of NFATC4, consistent with hypertrophic remodeling. Together, these findings recapitulate key features of Fabry vasculopathy and cardiomyopathy in a genetically defined, human-derived system. This platform enables direct investigation of Gb3-induced oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms and provides a valuable model for the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting the cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily triggered by bacterial infections, with periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis playing a pivotal role. We evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP-E) on human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) stimulated with P. gingivalis -derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dried S. plebeia was extracted using 70% ethanol, yielding a 10.5% extract. Inflammation in hTERT-hNOF cells was induced using P. gingivalis LPS in conjunction with LPS-binding protein and CD14. SP-E was administered at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. Inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion were analyzed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Results demonstrated a concentrationdependent antioxidant effect, with 62.98% radical scavenging activity observed at 200 μg/mL SP-E. In hTERT-hNOF cells, SOD activity increased from 4.88% (LPS-treated) to 45.78% with 100 μg/mL SP-E. RT-PCR analysis showed significant downregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression following SP-E treatment. ELISA confirmed a reduction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (312.83 → 178.22 pg/mL), IL-6 (453.97 → 170.83 pg/mL), and IL-8 (480.14 → 276.86 pg/mL) levels with 100 μg/mL SP-E. These findings suggest that SP-E may offer therapeutic potential for preventing and managing periodontal disease by mitigating oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory cytokine expression. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and validate these effects in vivo .

본 연구는 인공지능(AI) 기술이 사주해석에 어떻게 적용되고 있는지를 분석하고, 인간 상 담가의 비교를 통해 그 가능성과 한계를 철학적·심리학적 관점에서 고찰하였다. 사주명리 학은 오행, 음양, 십신, 12운성 등의 상징체계를 통해 인간의 성격과 삶의 흐름을 해석하는 학문으로서, 현대 상담심리와도 통합 가능한 잠재력을 지닌다. AI는 정형화된 해석과 빠른 요약 제공에는 강점을 가지며, 초보 상담가나 일반 사용자에게 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 사례 분석을 통해, AI는 내담자의 정서, 생애 맥락, 상징적 깊이를 반영하 지 못하며, 공감과 직관을 요하는 인간중심 상담에는 한계가 있음을 제시하였다. 이에 따라 AI 기반 사주해석은 인간 상담가의 통찰을 보완하는 도구로 사용되어야 하며, 해석의 윤리 적 적절성과 데이터 보안 문제, 사용자 고지 필요성 등 제도적 장치 마련이 필요하다. 나아 가 AI 기술을 활용한 사주명리 상담 시스템이 다문화 및 심리학 기반 해석과 융합될 수 있 도록 교육적·기술적 개발이 요구되며, 이는 사주명리학이 상담도구로 확장하는 새로운 가 능성을 제시한다.