본 연구는 여름철 인체 실험을 통해 온냉감, 쾌적감, 기류감 등을 측정하여 토지피복현황에 따라 인간이 느끼는 온열쾌적감에 대해서 검토하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토지피복현황에 따라 기상요소를 분석한 결과 기온의 경우 식재지가 최저온을, 포장지가 최고온을 형성하였다. 최고온역인 포장지와 최저온역인 식재지의 온도 차이는 3.9～4.1℃로 나타났다. 풍속의 경우 나지, 수면, 건폐지의 풍속이 1m/s 이상을 보였고 식재지, 초지, 포장지는 1m/s 이하의 풍속이 관측되었다.2. 풍속에 따른 기류감 및 기류평가에서 풍속이 증가함에 따라 기류감이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 풍속이 0.3m/s일 경우부터, 기류감을 느끼기 시작하고 풍속이 1.5m/s일 경우 거의 모든 피험자가 보통이상으로 느끼며 1.9m/s일 경우 기류가 강하다고 느끼는 것으로 나타났다． 또한 같은 기류일 경우 식재지의 기류가 포장지의 기류보다 더 큰 만족을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 온열 중성점은 25.6℃에서 나타났고 온냉감의 수치로 -0.5～+0.5를 쾌적범위로 할 경우 쾌적범위는 24.7～26.6℃로 나타났다.4. 기상요소와 쾌적감에 미치는 효과의 상관분석결과, 기상요소가 쾌적감에 미치는 효과는 일사량, 풍속, 기온, 습도의 순으로 나타났다. 5. 토지피복현황에 따른 기온과 쾌적감 비교 결과 식재지는 다른 지역에 비해 쾌적감이 현저히 높았으며, 실외의 경우 기상요소인 기온, 일사, 풍속, 습도의 조합에 따라 쾌적감이 달라지기 때문 단순한 기온 및 습도의 조합으로 쾌적감을 나타낼 수 없는 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

This study aims to build a model dealing with the location decision of new manufacturing firms and their land demand. The model is composed with 1) the binary logit model structure identifying a future probability of manufacturing firms to locate in a city and their land demand; and 2) the land use suitability of the land demand. The model was empirically tested in the case of Anseong City. We used establishment-level data for the manufacturing industry from the Report on Mining and Manufacturing Survey. 48 industry groups were scrutinized to find the location probability in the city and their land demand via logit model with the dependent variables: number of employment, land capital, building capital, total products, and value-added for a new industry since 2001. It is forecasted that the future land areas (to 2025) for the manufacturing industries in the city are 5.94km2 and additional land demand for clustering the existing industries scattered over the city is 2.lkm2. Five industrial complex locations were identified through the land use suitability analysis.

The present study examined the relation between land cover condition and temperature in various types of urban green spaces. The diagram of temperature distribution showed that high-temperature zones are formed around paved areas, and low temperature zone around planted areas and grassy areas. Even in planted areas where low-temperature zones were formed, temperature was different according to hierarchical structure. That is, temperature was relatively low in areas covered with arbor + sub-arbor. With regard to land cover ratio, the increase of planted areas and grassy areas had an effect on the fall of temperature and the effect was higher in order of planted areas and grassy areas. On the contrary, paved areas and bare areas had an effect on the rise of temperature. According to the results of factor analysis, in case of the highest temperature, planted area and grassy area were put together into a factor lowering temperature, paved area and temperature into a factor raising temperature, and bare area alone into a factor of low significance. In case of the lowest temperature, grassy area and bare area were put together into a factor, and the validity of the factor analysis was proved by the analysis of urban heat islands. An increase in the number of trees by height was effective in lowering temperature, and the effect was high in order to arbor and sub-arbor, and the source of coldness in planted area was tall trees.

As forest land takes up 65% of the Korean peninsula, there have been continuing conflicts between the development and conservation of forest land. As the income level has changed over time, the usage of forest land in society has changed. There has been increasing demands for forest land for urban development and recreational use. On the other hand, a large proportion of the land is required to be preserved for the forest and the natural ecosystem in it. The existing management system for the forest land has been designed focusing on the management of the trees on the land, and not the land itself. Due to this limitation, the current management system of forest land has failed to protect the forest land from being developed indiscreetly, making it difficult to conserve and develop the forest land in an efficient way. A major question in forest land management is how to integrate economic use activities with the supporting ecosystems to maximize performance of the ecological-economic system. In order to promote sustainable use of forest resources, and to achieve efficient forest land management, it is prerequisite to evaluation on forest resources of natural ecosystems. Quantitative measures are needed that signify how necessary the services and products of forested ecosystems are to human endeavors. In this study, the natural wealth provided by forest land was quantified based on emergy synthesis. Emergy is a universal measure of real wealth of the work of nature and society made on a common basis. Thus, Calculations of emergy provide a basis for making choices about environment and economy following the general public policy to maximize real wealth. The goals of forest land management to achieve balance between the ecology and economy of its integrated system and to foster equity among the diverse outcomes of the forest land were assessed with emergy. Emergy was demonstrated to holistically integrated and quantify the interconnections of a coupled nature-human system allowing the goals of ecological balance and outcome equity to be measured quantitatively. Doing so will provide a better understanding of the basis of forest land wealth and the consequences of management decisions.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju Island's stonewall fencing farming land. A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju stonewall's landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju stonewall fencing farming land is 3,001 won per meter with standard deviation of 511.0 won/m.

The present study investigated the causes and intensity of the urban heat island phenomenon by the seasons according to the pattern of land use in Chungju City. Highest temperature and lowest moisture areas of the urban were very similar to the distribution of commercial districts, on the other hand, lowest temperature and highest moisture areas were distributed in manufacturing districts, green zones and the Hoam Lake. If appear at intensity of the distance from the outer circumference of commercial districts, wind direction and the rise of temperature, we could observe the remarkable expansion of high temperature from commercial districts toward residential districts around of downwind in all seasons. In case the effect of the wind was not significant as well, high temperature in commercial districts appeared tendency that a little spread to 1, 2 residential districts around. But checked up the intimate relations between the amount of moving heat and wind, when out of consideration that size of area was not much compared than residential areas of downwind affected by the wind. These phenomenon was relatively obvious in summer, the other side, in spring and autumn appeared a similar tendency.

The purpose of this study is to develop the landscape resource assessment system(LRAS) to help evaluate the value of landscape resources(Jeju Island's Stonewall fencing farming land) for the introduction of direct payment system of the landscape preservation objectively and to applicate the model in the fields. Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts shows that the order of priority among value evaluation elements on Jeju's stonewall is its harmony with surroundings(34%), the preservation of its original state(34%) and its density and scale(32%). Evaluation system development of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing filming land) and field observation survey utilizing it consists of the following five steps. Step 1 includes the first Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to decide its value evaluation elements and their priority. Step 2 is the second Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to grade pictures of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing farming land) on the basis of expert-proposed value evaluation standards. Step 3 consists of analysis work using the result of Delphi survey on experts. Step 4 is to select five grade standard pictures according to each of three grading elements of A, B, C belonging to each of the three standards. Then, it is necessary to make panels including five A-grade pictures, five B-grade pictures and five C-grade pictures according to each of the three elements of density, harmony, and original state preservation. Step 5 consists of field observation survey. According to the result of few experts' value evaluation of stonewall fencing farming land with the aid of NRAS developed in this research, the area of Pyeongdae-ri is ranked first, and then the area of Bukcheon-ri, Chocheon-up, the area of Gwakgi-ri, Ewol-up, the area of Shinum-ri, Ewol-up and the area of Yongsu-ri, hankyung-Myun are ranked in the order named. When those areas are graded, A Grade Areas includes the areas of Pyeongdae-ri, the area of Bukcheon-ri, the area of Gwakgi-ri, B Grade Areas consist of the area of Shinum-ri and the area of Yongsu-ri, and the areas of Onpyeong, wimi and youngrak belong to C Grade Area.

In Korean coastal areas, land reclamations are main development projects that should be based on environmental impact assessment(EIA), because those human interventions can change coastlines, damage tidal flats, and pollute adjacent areas to threat seafood safety and devaluate overall ecosystem service value. Existing procedures of the EIA for land reclamation projects were diagnosed and evaluated to enhance them. Problems were identified in the designation of survey areas, the consistency in survey sites and periods, the standardization of survey methods and reports, the confidence of survey results and the verification of predictions. Lack of integration was noticeable and could be improved by synthesizing different assessments from topography․geography, marine physics, marine chemistry and marine biology. We suggest that successful precautionary marine environment management requires readjusting the cost of EIA, recruiting experts in marine environment, constructing database and establishing specialized assessment system.

This study aims to show how the urbanization of Korea has progressed for the last three decades, what its characteristics are, and how rural land use has changed by the national and district(cities and counties) level. The land use changes accompanying to the urbanization is analyzed through 3 indicators such as urbanization rate, the rate of cultivated and forest land and the rate of urbanized area. The statistical data are 30 years from 1976 to 2005 for time series analysis by the national level, and are for the two years of 1995 and 2005 by the district level. The relationship between urbanization and land use changes in the national level is analyzed using statistical analysis(Correlation Analysis). In order to analyze the dynamic and spatial urbanization and land use changes effectively in the district level, Z-score, Paired T-test, Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance and Chi-squire Test are used. The results show negative correlation between urbanization rate and the rate of cultivated and forest land, and positive correlation between urbanization rate and the rate of urbanized area respectively. In the aspect of the change of urbanization rate, four categories are examined. In addition, four types are characterized on the basis of the rate of cultivated and forest land and the rate of urbanized area between 1995 from 2005.

최근 파나마 운하 확장이 국민투표로 결정됨에 따라 2014년부터는 12,000TEU급의 선박의 통행이 가능해진다. 파나마운하의 규모적 한계 때문에 포스트 파나막스급이상의 선박들은 파나마 운하대신 아메리칸 랜드브릿지 및 다른 운송루트를 이용해야 했다. 그러나 파나마 운하 확장이 확정됨에 따라 향후 극동-북미 간 운송루트의 변화가 불가피할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 극동-북미 간을 운행하는 선박의 규모별 루트별 총운송비용을 분석하여 두 구간의 경쟁력을 검토한다.

This study aims to estimate a urban heat island potential distribution based on the land-use types using Landsat TM(1100 LST August 2004) and AWS data in Daegu. The heat island potential is defined as a difference between surface temperature and air-temperature at each place. The study area was selected as about 900㎢ square including Daegu metropolitan area. Land-use data obtained by dividing all of Daegu metropolitan area into 1-km-square three types of maps were prepared in the 1960s, 1970s and 2000s respectively. Land-use types were classified into 5 categories. Forest and farm lands have been reduced at a wide range during 40 years. Most of those changed into urban area. The heat island potential distribution presented a striking contrasts according to land-use types. For example, the heat island potential of urban area was higher than 10℃ in comparison to those of water or paddy rice areas.

서남부 간척지에서 벼 담수표면산파재배시 토양 염분농도별 적정 파종량을 구명하고자 2003~2004 년에 걸쳐 호남 농업 연구소 계화도출장소 시험포장인 문포통(세사양토)의 저영답(토양 염농도 0.1%)과 중염답(토양 염농도 0.3%)에서 서간벼를 공시하여 파종량별 입모수, 생육, 수량 및 백미 외관 품위 등을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입모수는 중염답보다 저염답에서 파종량이 증가할수록 많았다. 2. 간장과 수장은 중염답이 저염답보다 파종량이 증가할 수록 짧았으며, 도복은 토양염농도에 상관없이 파종량이 증가할수록 심했다. 3. 완전미 수량은 저염답에서는 파종량 5 kg/10a까지, 중염답에서는 파종량 7 kg/10a까지는 증가되었으나 그 이상의 파종량에 서는 수량이 증가하지 않았다. 4. 백미의 외관상 품위는 파종량이 증가할수록 저염답보다 중염답에서 완전미율이 낮았다. 5. 따라서 서남부 간척지에서 벼 담수표면산파재배시 입모, 벼 생육, 완전미 수량 및 백미의 외관상 품위 등을 고려할 때 적정 파종량은 저염답은 5~7kg/10a , 중염답은 7~9kg/10a 이 적당할 것으로 생각된다.

This study aims at analyzing relationships between land use and habitat types of winter wildbirds to provide basic understanding of ecosystem for preservation and restoration of urban ecosystem in the future. The research area is Hanam City. Researches on land use types showed Hanam City had 79.1% of greenspace and openspace, but intensive urban development has been taking place in greenspace that is adjacent to urban districts. This has brought the problems of lack of greenspace in urban districts and damages to cultivated areas and grassland. A total of 61 and 8,642 populations of winter wildbird species were observed in research areas. Paradoxornis webbiana(16.91), Passer montanus(11.93), Pica pica(6.88) were dominant species. When they were divided according to habitat types, 20 species of interior species, 8 species of interior-edge generalist species, 12 species of edge species and 3 species of urban species were observed. When which land use type was mostly served as wildbirds habitats was examined, urban species(3 species and 290 populations) was a dominant species in urban districts while in greenspace and openspaece, water species(19species and 3,075 populations) including winter migratory birds was. Among greenspace and openspaece, edge species was dominant in forest while urban species was a dominant species in cultivated areas. This shows there is a need to improve diversity of wildbirds through restoration of cultivated areas in the central part of Hanam City.