Multi-objective optimization using response surface methodology-based surrogate model was employed to find optimal design parameter of TMD installed on structure under the El Centro earthquake. It is found that the RSM based weighted multi-objective optimized damper improves frequency responses and root mean square displacements of the structure without TMD by 31.6% and 82.3% under El Centro earthquake, respectively, and has an equal or higher performance than the conventionally designed dampers with respect to frequency responses and root mean square displacements and when applied to earthquakes.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the permeability coefficient of concrete using mass hydrophobation agent. Experiments were carried out by making concrete specimens with different amounts of mass hydrophobation agent. It is considered that the pores are filled in the internal structure of the concrete by the expansion of the mass hydrophobation agent.

Tributary area based-lumped mass model is a simplified modeling technique and it is popularly adopted in earthquake engineering for the evaluation of seismic performance of structures. However, the technique provides somewhat less accuracy due to its different frequencies and mode shapes, compared to the detailed FE model. For the basic understanding this study investigates the sensitivity of the lumped mass locations on the mode shapes and modal participation factors, considering a cantilever typed column structure.

A new high-rise building in downtown before Underground excavation work, These steps are conducted such as RMR analysis, Schmidt Hammer Test, and Rock Mass Classification by Breakability, After that rock digging work will begin.

In the current study, retarding type and standard type admixture design of concrete have been proposed to control the generation of hydration heat for foundation members that use high strengths concrete. Finite element analysis also has been conducted to understand the rational placing heights of concrete. In addition, real-size structures have experimented and their results were compared to the analytical results to evaluate the reducing effect of thermal stress . For a large 6.5 m×6.5 m×3.5 m member with retarding and standard type horizontal partition placement of concrete showed the manageable possibility of temperature difference within 25-degree Celcius between the middle and surface portion while the maximum temperature was 77-degree Celcius. Also, temperature cracking index from the finite element analysis appeared to be 1.49 that predicts no formation of cracking due to the effects of temperature. Finally, it appeared that horizontal partition placement of retarding and standard type concrete has the significant effect of reducing the thermal stress that generated by the hydration heat in the high strengths mass concrete.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the permeability coefficient of concrete using mass hydrophobation agent. Experiments were carried out by making concrete specimens with different amounts of mass hydrophobation agent. It is considered that the pores are filled in the internal structure of the concrete by the expansion of the mass hydrophobation agent.

Aerosol mass size distributions were investigated at 865 m high the of Jirisan national park. A nanosampler cascade impactor was used to collect aerosols. The atmospheric aerosol particles had a unimodal mass size distribution, which peaked at 0.5–1.0 μm, and a mass aerodynamic diameter of 1.13 μm. The annual average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.1 were 20.9 μg/m3, 19.3 μg/m3, 14.9 μg/m3, 10.7 μg/m3, 5.3 μg/m3, 1.2 μg/m3, respectively. TSP concentrations were below 30 μg/m3 during the sampling period. On average PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.1 made up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.77.

This study was investigated to develop mass evaluation system for the contents of crude protein, oil and fatty acid in soybean germplasm using NIRS. NIRS equations were created with 345 soybeans, multiple correlation coefficients of crude protein, oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid between data obtained from NIRS and quantitative analysis were 0.983, 0.969, 0.592, 0.514, 0.978, 0.961 and 0.957, respectively. Equation statistics indicated that contents of crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid except palmitic and stearic acid in soybean seed were suitable for determination by NIRS. Those NIRS equations were applied to examine crude protein, oil and unsaturated fatty acid of 854 soybean landraces from Korea. The average contents and ranges of crude protein and oil were 39.2% with a range of 33.7-47.0% and 15.0% with a range of 9.8-20.3%, individually. In addition, those of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid were 21.4% with a range of 12.1-30.2%, 55.6% with a 47.8-62.3% and 8.1% with a range of 5.9-10.7% respectively. We conducted quantitative analysis to reconfirm with IT154552 (45.1%) and IT023955(46.9%) above 45% of crude protein, the results were similar from NIRS (45.2%, 47.0%). NIRS data for protein from this study made no difference with lab data, which would be useful for mass evaluation. There was negative correlation (-0.203) between crude protein and oil, positive correlation (0.379) between crude oil and oleic acid, and significantly negative correlation (-0.879) between oleic and linoleic acid.

A planet revolving around binary star system is a familiar system. Studies of these systems are important because they provide precise knowledge of planet formation and orbit evolution. In this study, a method to determine the evolution of an exoplanet revolving around a binary star system using different rates of stellar mass loss will be introduced. Using a hierarchical triple body system, in which the outer body can be moved with the center of mass of the inner binary star as a two-body problem, the long period evolution of the exoplanet orbit is determined depending on a Hamiltonian formulation. The model is simulated by numerical integrations of the Hamiltonian equations for the system over a long time. As a conclusion, the behavior of the planet orbital elements is quite affected by the rate of the mass loss from the accompanying binary star.

비성형 SRF 제조공정은 대상지역의 특성과 계절 등 변동요인에 따라 제품품질의 큰 영향을 끼친다. 본 연구에서는 2016년 9월, Y시에 설치되어 있는 15톤/일급 Pilot 비성형 SRF 제조공정에 대하여 총량, 폐기물조성, 수분량 별로 물질수지를 세우고 그 결과를 분석하여 실증시설 설계반영에 반영하고자 하였다. 연속 정상운전 상태에서 각 공정별 시료채취는 3회씩 겉보기밀도, 물리적조성, 조성별 수분 분석을 하였고, 총괄수분 분석을 위한 시료채취는 공정별 각 5회씩 수행하였다. 1차 자력선별물, 2차 자력선별물, 비철선별에 대해서는 시료채취를 1회 하였다. 30mm미만 시료는 조성별 분리가 어렵기 때문에 협잡물로 가정하고 회분을 측정하여 가연분을 추정하였다. 물리적 조성은 3회 측정한 것을 총괄적으로 환산하여 평균으로 사용하였고 총량은 시스템의 최종 배출지점의 폐기물의 전체량을 측정한 결과로 분석하였다. 물질수지 분석결과 1차 파쇄 후 기준으로 고형연료제품 수율 74.90%, 잔재물 비율 22.66%, 선별물 비율 2.45%을 보였다. 누출량을 포함하여 계산하면 누출물의 비율 11.36%, 고형연료제품 수율 66.39%, 잔재물 비율 20.08%, 선별물 비율 22.17%로 큰 차이가 없었다.

The objective of this study was to determine the CH4 oxidation factor (%) and the CH4 oxidation rate (g m−2 d−1) in landfill cover soil. To quantify in-situ rates of CH4 oxidation, CH4 and CO2 fluxes were measured on a landfill site using the static chamber technique. The CH4 oxidation factor obtained in this study through the mass balance method ranged between 41% and 61%, which is much higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default value of 10%. The higher CH4 oxidation factor derived in this study can be explained by the CH4 bottom flux in addition to the soil texture. The CH4 oxidation factors were observed to increase with decreases in CH4 bottom flux. Therefore, when CH4 bottom fluxes are high in a landfill, using a gas collection system can enhance CH4 oxidation factor. The CH4 oxidation rates were estimated to range from 16.6 g m−2 d−1 to 20.8 g m−2 d−1. In addition, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vegetation on the CH4 oxidation factor. The results showed that the CH4 oxidation factors for bare soil, vegetated soil, and soil adjacent to a gas well were 57%, 70%, and 44%, respectively. The results indicate that vegetation on landfill covers can increase the CH4 oxidation factor because of increasing soil porosity.

Little attention has been paid to the functional aspect of the flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, compared to that of its root. To determine the components of flower petal of Paeonia lactiflora, we conducted the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) MASS spectrophotometric analysis. We detected the 24 different types of ingredients from the 70% ethanol extracts of flower petal of peonia lactiflora cv. ‘Red Charm’. The main compounds were quercetin glucopyranosides, methyl gallate, paonioflolol and kaemperol glucopyranosides. We further tested its functional activity. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the extracts was 87.9-90.4% at 0.1mg/ml. This result showed that these flower extracts have approximately 5-fold stronger antioxidant potential than a previous report with root extracts (Bang et al. 1999). The result of tyrosinase inhibition assay of Paeonia lactflora extract was almost similar to that of arbutin except significantly higher effect in the coral sunset extract at 0.1% concentration. Hyaluronidase inhibition assay showed 76.5% inhibition at 5% concentration of this flower extract, indicating that Peaonia lactiflora flower extracts have the major anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and brightening effects. Taken together, these results suggest these three Paeonia lactiflora species extracts might provide the basis to develop a new natural brightening agent.

In this study, we confirmed the composition of the mineral admixture according to mixing ratio of admixtures on the low-heat cement for mass concrete, evaluated the heat properties of hydration through measurement of microheat of hydration.

Impact Severity is important parameter to design concrete barrier in South Korea. However, maximum load and load-time history graph showed different depending on parameters under vehicle impact loading. Therefore, in this study, analysis according was conducted to various impact conditions such as vehicle mass and impact velocity under same impact severity. Obtained results from load-time history graph showed key parameter is velocity compared to vehicle mass.

New multiband BVRI light curves of NSVS 1461538 were obtained as a byproduct during the photometric observations of our program star PV Cas for three years from 2011 to 2013. The light curves indicate characteristics of a typical W-subtype W UMa eclipsing system, displaying a flat bottom at primary eclipse and the O’Connell effect, rather than those of an Algol/ b Lyrae eclipsing variable classified by the northern sky variability survey (NSVS). A total of 35 times of minimum lights were determined from our observations (20 timings) and the SuperWASP measurements (15 ones). A period study with all the timings shows that the orbital period may vary in a sinusoidal manner with a period of about 5.6 yr and a small semiamplitude of about 0.008 day. The cyclical period variation can be interpreted as a light-time effect due to a tertiary body with a minimum mass of 0.71 M⊙. Simultaneous analysis of the multiband light curves using the 2003 version of the Wilson- Devinney binary model shows that NSVS 1461538 is a genuine W-subtype W UMa contact binary with the hotter primary component being less massive and the system shows a low mass ratio of q(mc/mh)=3.51, a high orbital inclination of 88.7°, a moderate fill-out factor of 30 %, and a temperature difference of ΔT=412 K. The O’Connell effect can be similarly explained by cool spots on either the hotter primary star or the cool secondary star. A small third-light corresponding to about 5 % and 2 % of the total systemic light in the B and V bandpasses, respectively, supports the third-body hypothesis proposed by the period study. Preliminary absolute dimensions of the system were derived and used to look into its evolutionary status with other W UMa binaries in the mass-radius and mass-luminosity diagrams. A possible evolution scenario of the system was also discussed in the context of the mass vs mass ratio diagram.

Generating motion of center of mass for biped robots is a challenging issue since biped robots can easily lose balance due to limited contact area between foot and ground. In this paper, we propose force control method to generate high-speed motion of the center of mass for horizontal direction without losing balancing condition. Contact consistent multi-body dynamics of the robot is used to calculate force for horizontal direction of the center of mass considering balance. The calculated force is applied for acceleration or deceleration of the center of mass to generate high speed motion. The linear inverted pendulum model is used to estimate motion of the center of mass and the estimated motion is used to select either maximum or minimum force to stop at goal position. The proposed method is verified by experiments using 12-DOF torque controlled human sized legged robot.

Frequency-adaptive Lumped Mass Stick (LMS) method has been proposed recently to present the dynamic responses of a structure by a stick model which has identical frequencies to the original structure. The masses of the LMS model are obtained by an iterative method following a sequence of equations, where the masses always converge to certain values. Those values are solutions of a nonlinear equations system as will be shown in this study. This paper also investigates the significance of masses locations on the dynamic responses of the LMS models.

This paper investigated the thermal and mechanical properties of high-volume fly ash concrete for potential application in mass concrete.