Puff processing is one of the preparation and processing methods of herbal medicines. This study analyzed the quality characteristics in schisandra chinensis extracts by puff processing (1 kgf/cm2, 3 kgf/cm2, 5 kgf/cm2) through changes of the lignan contents and antioxidant activity. The lignan contents and antioxidant activity of puff processing schisandra chinensis extracts (PPSCE) increased higher than compared to a control. Also, as lignan contents and antioxidant activity of PPSCE was increased with the increasing pressure but it was reduced from 5 kgf/ cm2. The results suggest that puff processing was attributed to the quality increase schisandra chinensis.

Background : Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a vegetable with pantropical distribution and contains the active ingredient, such as momordicine and charantin. Moreover, bitter gourd has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic, anticancer, cardiovascular-protective and antioxidant effects. But, the distinctive bitter taste of bitter gourd was not suitable for food preference. This study was conducted to evaluate the improvement effects of bitter taste of bitter gourd with natural fermentation and roasting process. Methods and Results : Bitter gourd fruits were obtained from Headeulnyeokae Co., Ltd.(Gang-Jin 59253, Repubilc Korea). Fruits of bitter gourd were prepared by natural fermentation process for 4h at 25℃. After natural fermentation, the fruits were dried in hot-air dryer for 15h at 49-55℃. The dried fruits were roasted in 500 g batches at 120℃ for 10 min in the electric rotisserie oven. After roasting, fruit pieces were extracted with hot water and cold water. One of them was cool-type, and the other was hot-type bitter gourd tea. In the sensory evaluation, hot tea and cold tea showed the high scores on color, flavor and overall acceptability. Conclusion : These mean that roasted bitter gourd had less bitter, and it could be utilized widely as drink and food material.

In this study, the image processing technique referred as night vision was introduced in order to measure the displacement of structure during the nighttime. The validation of the reliability and the applicability of proposed method was evaluated by the scaled model test.

The purpose of this study is a image processing program development to consider the domestic situation of GPR detection. Therefore the image processing program will be developed to extract and to visualize the measured raw data.

The 'Misomi' is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Sobi’ which has adaptability of low fertilizer cultivation and SR21110 (Ilpum/Jinbu19) by the rice breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. The heading date of ‘Misomi’ is August 14 and six days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. It has 83 cm of culm length and 121 spikelets per panicle. It showed weaker cold tolerance than that of ‘Hwaseong’ during exposed to cold stress. ‘Misomi’ showed resistance to blast disease, K1, K2 and K3 race of bacterial blight and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race, other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. It has low protein content (6.2%) and similar amylose content (19.4%) to that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misomi’ showed better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’. Particulary, ‘Misomi’ showed excellent processing adaptability than ‘Chucheong’ and ‘Hwaseong’ on palatability index of cold and aseptic cooked rice. Its milled rice recovery rate is similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. However, whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. 'Misomi' has 5.68 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 12% higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. 'Misomi' could be adaptable to the middle plain area and Midwest coast area in Korea (Grant No. 5635).

Clean rice is useful to save time and labor force against washing rice in the household. Nevertheless the quality characteristics of the rice were not established well since the quality characteristics of the rice depend on types of the processing system. The aims of the current study were to understand the quality characteristics of clean rice prepared from the dry, semi-dry, and wet types of processing systems, and to suggest the appropriate processing system for production of clean rice. Here, we found that the quality of clean rice was improved with the increasing whiteness of rice by the dry type, although the whiteness of rice should be below 42 to satisfy 16.0 NTU of the turbidity for higher head rice ratio. Also, both the semi-dry and wet type systems showed higher ratio of head rice than the dry type system at below 16.0 NTU of the turbidity. These results imply that the wet type is more suitable for the place where rice is consumed fast, and the semi-dry type is more proper for long term storage of rice.

This study investigated the family size effect on English word processing via visual lexical decision task with three different groups of speakers, i.e., L1 English speakers, Korean L2 English learners, and English bilinguals. For English simple nouns, verbs, and adjectives, we examined the effects of the type count of morphologically related members and the surface base-frequency on lexical processing. First, results showed that the family size effect emerged in Korean L2 learners, but it was mostly inhibitory. To be specific, words with a large family size elicited slower response latencies than those with a small family size. However, the facilitatory effect arose for bilinguals and native speakers of English. Second, it was exhibited that high-frequency base words were recognized more quickly than low-frequency counterparts, confirming that token frequency as well as type frequency codetermines their recognition latency. These findings suggest that L1, bilinguals, and L2 learners' mental lexicons are organized by morphologically related words along with surface frequency although their effect size differs depending on the amount of language exposure. Finally, building on the results in the current experimental study, we propose a formal account for the processing advantages of words with a large family size under a psycholinguistic model and processing constraints.

도토리를 이용하여 도토리 차의 제조방법을 개발하고 개발된 도토리 차의 이화학적 및 품질특성을 평가하였다. 도토리 차는 네 가지 제조방법으로 제조하여 그 특서의 변화를 조사하였다. 제조방법을 달리한 도토리 차의 일반 성분을 분석한 결과 수분함량은 13.48~39.77%로 볶은 도토 리 차(RAT)에서 가장 낮았고, 3회 증제한 도토리 차(TSAT) 에서 수분함량이 가장 높았다. 탄수화물 및 조지방, 조회분 함량은 볶은 도토리 차(RAT)에서 가장 높았고, 조단백질 함량은 도토리(NA)에서 가장 높았다. 수용성 단백질 함량 은 도토리 보다 증제하거나 볶은 도토리 차에서 높았고, 3회 증제한 도토리 차(TSAT)에서 12.74 mg/g로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 환원당 함량 결과 도토리(NA)에서 64.3 mg/g로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 색도 측정 결과 L값은 도토리(NA)에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 도토리를 증제하 거나 볶음에 따라 L값은 감소함을 보였고, a, b값은 도토리 (NA)에서 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 3회 증제한 도토리 차(TSAT)에서 각 41.15 mg/g, 2.78 mg/g 으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 관능검사 결과 색은 볶은 도토리 차(RAT)에서 가장 높게 평가되었고, 맛과 향은 3회 증제한 도토리 차(TSAT)에서 가장 높게 평가되었다. 떫은 맛은 도토리(NA)에서 가장 떫고, 볶은 도토리 차(RAT)에서 떫은 정도가 가장 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 전반적인 기호 도에서는 3회 증제한 도토리 차(TSAT)에서 5.42로 가장 높게 평가되었으며, OSAT, RAT, NA순으로 평가되었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과를 바탕으로 도토리를 이용한 도토리 차의 제조방법을 확립하고 도토리 차의 이화학적 및 품질특 성을 통하여 다양한 식품소재 및 식품개발에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

To get the empirical data of GPR detection and to develop the image prosessing program of GPR detection data, GPR detection were proceed by the underground pipes and cavities buried in the Chamber. In the case of non pavement and asphalt pavement, water filled cavity that was buried in 0.7m depth was able to detection. But in the case of 1.0 m and 1.3 m buring depth, water filled cavity was not able to detection. In the case of non-reinforced and reinforced concrete pavement, it was difficult to detect the cavity caused by signal interference. GPRiPP programs was developed for image processing of the GPR detection data. The major processing algorithm were background removal, stacking and gain function. With proper image processing of gain function and background removal in GPRiPP program, it was showed that similar results can be obtained with conventional image processing program.

For the purpose of reuse the wasted by-products from the skate process to the health functional food or medicinal material, chondroitin sulfate was extracted from the skate cartilage with the method of hydrolysis with protease enzyme, and the contents of chondroitin sulfate and hydrolyzed protein were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The effects of chondroitin sulfate on body weight or liver weight changes, hepatotoxicity elimination and anti-inflammatory actions were measured from in vivo test with feed-treated mice. From the hydrolytic extraction of skate cartilage with the mixture of 1% alcalase and 1% protease for 4 hours, the extraction yield of chondroitin sulfate was about 32.55%. The content and molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate was 26.63% and 2.85×105 Da., respectively and the content ratio of chondroitin sulfate to protein was measured to 1 to 2.76 with gel permeation chromatography. For the odor component, trimethylamine decreased about 30% but almost not ammonia from chondroitin sulfate with the treatment of activated carbon. From the feeding chondroitin sulfate to mice, the control effect of body and liver weights decrease was measured, anti-inflammatory action and hepatotoxicity elimination action were also measured. From these results, process operation conditions for manufacturing of chondroitin sulfate were suggested.

본 연구에서는 철근의 인장시험에서 변형률에 대한 상세 측정을 위하여 이미지 프로세싱을 이용하고, 변형률 분포와 넥킹구간을 평가하였다. 이미지 프로세싱 방법으로는 기존의 회색조영상을 이용한 방법이 아닌 칼라영상의 색상정보를 분석하여, 원하는 타겟과 가장 일 치하는 영역과 그 외의 영역으로 구분하여 이진영상으로 변환하는 방법을 사용하였다. 변환된 이진영상에서 개별 타겟들의 도심점을 산출한 후 각 도심점의 상대변위값을 변형률로 환산하였다. 인장실험은 ASTM A615 기준으로 제작된 grade 60 철근 중 D22와 D29에 대해서 시험을 수행하였다. 이미지 프로세싱을 이용하여 계측된 변형률 결과를 기존 변형률 게이지를 이용하여 계측한 결과와 비교하여, 본 연구에서 사용한 이미지 프로세싱 방법에 대해서 검증하였다. 이미지 프로세싱을 이용하여 초기 탄성구간의 변형률 뿐만 아니라 넥킹구간에서 발생한 0.5 (50%) 이상의 변형률도 계측이 가능한 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과 이미지 프로세싱을 통하여 기존 변형률 게이지의 계측한계를 극복가능 하고, 다양한 지점에서 자유롭게 계측할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

급성전골수구성 백혈병(Acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL)은 혈액암의 일종으로 치료의 성적이 좋지 않 을 뿐 아니라 항암요법과 병행 하였을 경우 큰 효과를 보이는 것으로 알려져 있는 방사선 치료를 병행함에 도 불구하고 정상세포에도 작용하여 부작용을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 부작용을 감소시키기 위하 여 감마선을 TNF-α와 같이 처리하였을 경우 정상세포와 암세포의 세포 죽음에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확 인하였다. HL-60 세포는 APL 세포주로서 사용하였고 DMSO를 처리하여 분화시킨 HL-60 세포는 정상과립 구의 성질을 나타내어 정상대조군으로 이용하였다. 그 결과 TNF-α와 함께 감마선을 처리한 HL-60 세포에 서만 세포독성효과를 나타내었고 세포자멸사를 유도하여 세포가 죽음에 이르게 하였다. 결론적으로 TNF-α 는 항암치료의 부작용을 없애기 위해 저농도 감마선 치료 시 함께 사용하여 암 세포의 제거를 증가시켜 암 의 치료효율을 높일 수 있는 유효물질로 사료된다.

컴퓨터 게임에서 대부분의 사용자 인터페이스 방법은 키보드, 마우스, 터치스크린이다. 사운 드 형태 명령어의 전체 처리 시간은 크게 명령어 입력 시간과 인식 시간으로 구성된다. 본 논 문은 명령어 신호 전체를 입력받지 않고 일부 앞부분 신호만을 받음으로써, 입력 시간을 줄여 전체 처리 시간을 단축하는 방법을 제안한다. 우리의 방법에서는 HMM(Hidden Markov Process)를 이용해 명령어 신호를 인식하는데, 전체 신호 및 부분 신호들에 대해 별도의 HMM 을 구성한다. 플랫홈 게임의 대표 명령어들을 음성과 손바닥 소리로 표현해, 본 논문의 방법을 실험했다. 실험 결과, 인식률의 큰 저하 없이 명령어 처리 시간을 줄임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연 구는 게임의 사용자 인터페이스 방법을 다양화하는데 기여할 것이다.

In this study, Cavities in Specimens were find using GPR equipment. Results of exploration deadline for plain concrete, reinforced concrete, asphalt, gravel, depending on the type, asphalt pavement was most clearly exploration. Developed GPRiPP can represent a good cavitation through the image processing with the background removal.

Conventional strain gauge can measure about 15~20% elongation. However, when the steel are ruptured, the strain at the necking region can be much higher than the measurement capacity of the conventional strain gauge. To measure the maximum strain at the necking region a new measurement technique should be developed. In this study, for this purpose image processing method for measuring 2-D strain distribution of tensile specimen of steel is proposed.

In this paper, we propose an image-based measurement method of structure dynamic characteristics to assess the damage of structure in a more cost-effective way than traditional structure health monitoring system.

Rice flour is used in many food products. However, dough made from rice lacks extensibility and elasticity, whereas that of wheat is suitable for many food products including breads. We have produced marker-free transgenic rice plants containing a wheat TaGlu-Ax1 gene encoding the HMG-GS from the Korean wheat cultivar ‘Jokyeong’ using the Agrobacteriummediated co-transformation method. The TaGlu-Bx7-own promoter was inserted into a binary vector for seed-specific expression of the TaGlu-Ax1 gene. Two expression cassettes comprised of separate DNA fragments containing only TaGlu-Ax1 and hygromycin phosphotransferase II (HPTII) resistance genes were introduced separately to the Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Each EHA105 strain harboring TaGlu-Ax1 or HPTII was infected to rice calli at a 3:1 ratio of TaGlu-Ax1 and HPTII, respectively. Then, among 210 hygromycin-resistant T0 plants, we obtained 20 transgenic lines with both TaGlu-Ax1 and HPTII genes inserted into the rice genome. We reconfirmed integration of the TaGlu-Ax1 gene into the rice genome by Southern blot analysis. Transcripts and proteins of the wheat TaGlu-Ax1 were stably expressed in the rice T1 seeds. Finally, the marker-free plants harboring only the TaGlu-Ax1 gene were successfully screened at the T1 generation.

경남 남해군에 자생하는 고유품종으로 품종보호 등록된 섬애약쑥의 채취시기와 건조방법에 따른 이화학적 특성과 항산화활성을 평가하였다. 섬애약쑥은 5, 6, 7월에 동일한 재배지에서 수확한 후 각각을 12일 동안 음건(SD) 및 60℃에서 7일간 숙성한 다음 90℃에서 220분간 저장하여(AD) 건조하였다. 전처리방법을 달리하여 건조한 섬애약쑥의 유리당을 분석한 결과 glucose만이 검출되었으며 함량은 0.42±0.02~0.43±0.01 g/100 g과 0.41±0.02~0.47±0.04 g/100 g이었다. 총 페놀화합물의 함량은 AD(1.29±0.08~2.90±0.08 g/100 g)와 비교하여 SD(1.85±0.09~3.45±0.14 g/100 g)에서 더 높았다. 물 추출물을 31.5, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μg/mL의 농도로 제조하여 항산화활성을 평가한 결과 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 SD 5월 시료와 AD 7월 섬애약쑥 추출물의 활성이 가장 높았으며, FRAP도 이들 시료에서 여타 시료에 비해 유의적으로 활성이 높았다. β-Carotene에 대한 탈색 저해활성도 SD의 5월과 AD의 7월 시료에서 각각 25.53±2.85~81.43±2.56%, 35.98±2.22~79.00±1.42%로 가장 활성이 높았다. 이상의 결과 섬애약쑥은 5월 채취하여 음건하였을 때와 7월에 채취하여 숙성 가공하였을 때 유용성분의 섭취가 더 용이하며, 높은 항산화활성을 나타내어 기능성 식품 소재로 활용도가 높을 것으로 생각된다.

This study investigates whether L2 learners employ similar processing strategies as native speakers when disambiguating attachment of a relative clause (RC) in Korean as a second language (KSL). Different processing strategies were tested with temporarily ambiguous sentences containing RCs when the head NP is a complex NP (NP1 of NP2), in which either NP1 (low attachment, LA) or NP2 (high attachment, HA) can be an antecedent. The RCs were controlled for length (short vs. long) and position-sentence initial (scrambled word order) vs. sentence medial (canonical word order). Native speakers consistently showed a clear HA preference regardless of the length or the position of the RCs, whereas KSL learners showed a clear LA preference. The attachment differences between L1 and L2 are discussed in terms of transfer and prosodic sensitivity.