The objective of this study was to investigate a method to improve and to increase the utilization of Korean traditional food in middle school students by examining preferences and perceptions. Middle school students in Seoul area were surveyed from 29 November to 6 December 2007. The results are summarized as follows: 83.9% students ate Korean food as breakfast. The reasons for the success of Korean food were 'Nation's traditional food' (29.2%), 'fit in taste' (27.4%), and 'suitable match of nutrients' (24.8%). Students responded that the following needed to be changed in order to improve Korean food: 'alleviation of strong taste' (30.3%), 'various cooking methods' (23.9%), and 'convenience of eating the food' (22.1%). Meal preferences in this survey of middle school students were 'Korean food' (4.09), 'Western food' (4.08), 'Japanese food' (4.00), 'Chinese food' (3.91) and 'Fast food' (3.55). Perceptions in the taste of Korean food were 'spicy taste' (3.28), 'hot taste' (3.22), and 'salty taste' (3.15). Male students (3.23) perceived a higher salty taste than female students (3.05). Expectations for the taste of Korean food included 'spicy taste' (3.16) and hot taste (3.03). Male students (3.25) anticipated the spicier taste more than female students (3.05).

우리나라 온대지방 산림의 극상수종으로 알려진 서어나무는 도시화가 심각한 서울의 경우 3개의 군집이 분포하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 희귀하게 분포하는 서울지역 서어나무군집의 특성을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 서어나무군집의 관리대책을 마련하기 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 대상지는 삼육대 지역, 도봉산 지역, 진관동 지역의 3개소이다. 서울 지역 서어나무군집에 대한군집구조 분석 및 토양특성, 수목 생장량 등을 조사 분석한 결과, 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집의 경우 토양 산성화 등으로 인해 생장 속도가 둔화되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 산림내 외래종의 이입에 따른 식생교란도 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 서울 지역에서 가장 넓은 서어나무군집이 분포하는 삼육대 지역의 경우 주변 참나무림에 참나무시들음병 피해가 발생하여 산림내부에 나지가 발생하고 있고 외래종의 이입속도가 더욱 빨라질 것으로 예상되고 있다. 또한 서어나무 자체도 참나무시들음병 매개곤충인 광릉긴나무좀의 피해를 받고 있어, 특별한 대책이 수립되지 않는 한, 향후 서어나무군집의 존립 자체가 불투명한 실정이다. 따라서 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집에 대한 정밀조사와 연차적인 모니터링 등과 같은 대책을 마련하여 서어나무군집 보전을 통한 서울지역 생물다양성 확보 방안의 추진이 필요하다.

This studyevaluates the effectiveness ofthe “ Seoul Sanitation Grading System Evaluation Index" devel0ped earlier and to analyze sanitation management practlces in restaurants in Seoul, Korea. The categories evaluated were the food management standard, facilities/equipment standard, and essential checking items specified in the law. These items were graded and classified into A (100~90)， B (89~80)， C (79~ 70) and Score (less than 69) based on the criteria set by the present researchers. We randomly selected 56 restaurants in five l0cal cities (Jung-gu, Seocho-gu, Jongno-gu, Songpa-gu and YIeongdeungpo-gu) and investigated each by actually visiting the site of business. The achievement rate for food management standard was 80.8%; as for the specific items in the category, it was the highest in food ingredients at 77.1 % and the lowest in food storage at 62.1 %. For the facilities/equipment standard, the achievement rate was 77.8%; as for the specific items in the category， it was the highest for vermin at 88 .1 % and the lowest for operation at 70.8%. The achievement rate for overall individual sanitary management was 70.7% and in the category, the lowest score was seen in hand washing at 57.1 %. The overall average score of sanitation management practices using the Seoul Sanitation Grading System Evaluation Index in restaurants in Seoul was 73.7, which fell into the C category. As for the number of restaurants in each grade category, there were 10 (17.9%) in each category of A (100~90), B (89~80) and C (79~70) with 30 (53.6%) scoring higher than 70, whereas those scoring less than 69 included 26 (46.4%). The average scores for those restaurants designated by local governments (exemplary restaurants, general restaurants, best Korean restaurants in Seoul) were not significantly diffierent; however, they were higher in franchises than those small restaurants ran by individuals.

외부환경 변화와 천이의 영향으로 쇠퇴현상이 나타나고 있는 서울시 소나무림의 식생환경을 개선하고자 교목층 우점종의 경쟁관계, 하층식생내 경쟁종 출현 유무, 관리정도 등에 근거하여 유형을 구분하고 생태적 관리방안을 제안하였다. 서울시 소나무림을 생태적 특성에 따라 분류하면 소나무순림에 속하는 토지극상림(26.1%)과 소나무순림(21.5%), 소나무와 타 수종이 경쟁하는 소나무-신갈나무림(28.0%), 소나무-리기다소나무림(13.1%), 소나무-상수리나무림(4.2%)등으로 구분되었다. 이들 유형에 대한 정밀한 식생조사 결과, 토지극상, 답압피해, 식생관리로 인해 교목층과 하층에 경쟁종이 출현하지 않아 소나무림 유지가 가능한 4개 군집은 하층식생 보완 등 소극적인 관리가 필요하였다. 반면 교목층과 하층에 소나무와 경쟁수종인 낙엽성 참나무류와 외래종이 출현하는 4개 군집은 생태적 지위가 동일한 경쟁종관리, 하층식생 도입 등 적극적인 관리기법을 적용해야 소나무군집을 유지할 수 있을 것이다.

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides among the agricultural products in northern area of Seoul in 2007. 3,026 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Detected Pesticide in 11 cases were procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyermethrin, fenvalerate, hexaconazole, carbendazim, pendimethalin, permethrin, parathion and exceeded 7 cases of endosulfan, procymidone, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate in the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos comprised up to 80.5% in detected pesticides. Among the 321 cases of detected agricultural products, 287 cases(89.4%) were vegetables, 25 cases (7.8%) were fruits, Others were 9 cases(2.8%).

본 연구는 교통사고의 발생 유형과 교통사고 심각도(Severity)와의 관계를 규명함으로써 위험유형을 제시하고, 운전자 특성과 교통사고의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 교통사고 유형을 여덟 가지로 세분하고, 결과의 객관성 확보를 위해 안전벨트 착용여부를 추가하여 상해정도와의 관계를 분석하였으며, 위험그룹의 분류를 위한 운전자의 특성은 성별, 차종, 연령 등을 대상으로 하였다. 카테고리 자료의 분석을 위하여 로그-선형 모형 및 로짓 모형을 사용하였다. 분석결과 사고유형과 심각도와의 관계에서는 정면충돌 사고와 앞지르기시, 우회전시 사고가 부상 또는 사망사고에 연루될 가능성이 높았다. 위험그룹 분석에서는 20세 미만의 이륜차 운전자, 41세에서 50세까지의 택시 운전자가 가장 위험한 집단으로 분석되었으며 또한 남자보다는 여자가 승용차와 중형화물 등에 관계되었을 때 더 위험한 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 교통사고 발생시 인명 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 정면충돌 사고와 앞지르기시, 우회전시 발생하는 사고를 줄일 수 있는 방안이 연구되어야 하고, 교통사고 취약계층으로 분석된 위험그룹에 대한 교통안전 교육 및 단속이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

The susceptibility of the Blattella germcanica (L.) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) to insecticides was evaluated under laboratory conditions using 12 insecticides currently used by the local public health centers and/or pest control operators in the ROK. The insecticides included seven pyrethroids and five organophosphages. Based on their LD50values, the order of susceptibility of B. germanica adults to the insecticides was chlorpyrifos-methyl, profenofos, and chlorpyrifos with the values of 0.07, 0.29, and 0.88 ㎍/♀, respectively. The least susceptibility was obtained with tetramethrin at LD50 of 7.39 ㎍/♀. In the comparative resistance test, the resistance ratios (RR) of 12 insecticides were compared to each other using field collected B. germanica adults in Seoul between 1993 and 2007. Blattella germanica demonstrated higher RRs to pyrethroids such as λ-cyhalothrin, and low RRs among the organophosphates. Among the pyrethroids, λ-cyhalothrin had the highest RRs of 111 and 129 fold differences at LD50 and LD90 values, respectively. Among the organophosphates, profenofos was observed to have the highest RRs of 4 and 15 fold differences at LD50 and LD90 values, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in susceptibility to tetramethrin, chlorpyrifos, and fenitrothion. Blattella germanica was more susceptible to pyridafenthion showing a 0.7 fold difference in a resistance rate (RRLD50), respectively. Resistance ratio of tetramethrin was low, but susceptibility was also not high.

This study focused on changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. There are 10 representative cases which have been renovated through the policy of ‘Preservation & Regeneration of Bukchon' by Seoul metropolitan government and other experts. Changes in form and spatial uses of Urban Hanok in Buckon are as follows. First, changes of scale. Trough removing extension parts, facade of renovated Hanoks are ‘transformed’ into recovering their identity. Using basements or lofts, intensive application of spaces is transformation which promotes the vitality of Hanoks. Second, changes of space organization. As Hanok changes its function from residence to commercial or cultural use, it also changes space character or reorganizes space organization. It is important that deciding function of Hanok has to adjust its scale and organization. Third, changes of construction performance. Through introducing new material and constructing method, performance of wall has been changed respecting its wooden structure and interior-exterior figure. However, technical studies must back it up not to destroy its value of eco-friendly architecture. Fourth, changes of facility systems, like floor heating system. They changes floor level of Hanok equally, and then sections of Hanok have became simple. Furthermore, inserting new facility space, such as boiler room, stand-up kitchen, bathroom and toilet, organization of space also changed. It is necessary that wise alternative proposal through the method of transformation or mutation must be presented. These four changes can be classification into method of ‘transformation’ and ‘mutation’. Changes of scale are method of transformation and changes of space organization are method of mutation. Also, while changes of construction performance are mutation, changes of facility systems are transformation. Recently, as price of lots have been increased, a lot of Hanoks have been commercialized, The commercial energy threat ‘the identity of Bukchon as residential area’. From now on, to operate ‘identity’ and ‘vitality’ complementary, it is necessary to make up for the preservation policy of Hanok and consolidate renovating standards of Hanok which correspond to characterof particular region and building usage.

동물병원에서 행해진 진료현황, 총 41,305건에 대해 WHO의 질병분류법(ICD)에 따라 검증한 결과 예방의학이 42.2%, 피부질환이 16.4%, 소화기계가 12.0%, 耳科가 8.5%, 호흡기계 질환이 4.3%이었다. 내과질환에서는 내원한 진료 중에서 소화기계 질환이 52.9% 호흡기계 질환이 18.9%, 순환기질환이 13.2%, 종양이 4.4%순이었다. 피부질환 총 6,774건 중에서 농피증이 50%, 외부기생충증이 12.2%, 피부사상균증이 11.0%, 알레르기성 피부병이 9.8%이었다. 동물병원의 수입을 진료부분과 용품 판매, 애견 미용 등 크게 3부분으로 구분하였을 때 전체 매출의 71.6%가 진료부분, 용품의 판매가 16.9%, 애견 미용이 11.5%를 차지하였다. 동물병원의 홍보 형태는 인터넷 웹사이트를 통한 홍보가 47%로 가장 많았으며, 지역광고지가 23.5%, 전단지와 전화통신 서비스가 11.8% 순이었다. 동물병원의 인적구성에서는 수의사가 절반정도인 45.5%를 차지하였으며 전문적인 교육과정을 거친 수의테크니션은 없었다. 동물병원의 시설구획에서는 평균 진료실은 2.7실, 입원실은 1.7실, 격리입원실은 0.5실이었고 이외 수술실과 방사선촬영실을 병용하는 동물병원도 있었고 일반 처치실의 시설은 미흡하였다.

In an effort to evaluate the currents in pesticide residues, 3,020 agricultural products were tested by multiresidue method with 260 pesticides, obtained from the circulation market of in the Gangbuk province in 2007.20.4%(616/3020) of the products were determined to contain pesticides residues, but only 4.1%(124/3020) of these were deemed to be unsuitable by the korea Food Code. Unsuitably products were spinach(21.0%), perilla leaf(17.3%), ulgari(13.6%), leek(12.4%), crowndaisy(12.4%), asterscaber(12.4%), chard(11.1%). Detected pesticides were procymidone(3.9%), endosulfan(2.6%), chlorfenapyr(2.2%), bifenthrin (1.3%), cypermethrin(0.7%), metalaxyl( 0.9%), azoxystrobin(0.3%) and chlorothalonil(0.7%). Sixty-four pesticides were detected and 11 pesticides were newly detected in 2007. Thirty-one pesticides in agricultural products exceeded their MRLs.

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the sanitary management status of chlorine sterilization methods used for raw fruits in a school foodservice, and to suggest basic data for sanitary improvements in the quality of raw fruits. A questionnaire form predicated on HACCP standards was developed and utilized for self-reported evaluations of dietitians regarding their sanitary management practices. The subjects consisted of 257 dietitians that were employed in school (elementary middle high school) foodservices. The collected data were analyzed with the SAS package. According to the results of this study, it was deemed necessary that optimized sterilization and washing methods for good microbiological safety and quality of strawberries and bananas in school foodservice should be determined. Some strategies for future improvement were also suggested. They included the following: (1) Improvement of policy for assuring the quality of raw fruits by designing some sanitation standards and specifications for raw fruits; (2) Strengthening the research and accumulation of background data regarding methods for the sanitation of raw fruits; (3) Enforced improvement of personal hygiene for dietitians and employees; (4) Use of a variety of methods in sanitary education and employee training.

The principal objective of this study was to assess the bone density and processed food intake behavior of middle-aged and elderly women in the Seoul area. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups on the basis of BMI: namely, the underweight, normal, and overweight groups. The results are summarized as follows: The average BMI and systolic blood pressure of the three groups were 19.0, 127.3 mmHg; 22.4, 132.8 mmHg; and 26.8, 136.1 mmHg respectively. The BQI and T-scores of the three groups were as follows: 56.6, -2.50; 62.3, -2.22; 66.0, -2.03 respectively. The bone status of the three groups, in terms of the percentage of normal and osteoporosis, were 9.5%, 52.4%; 8.3% 33.0%; and 8.8%, 23.6% respectively. We noted no significant differences in processed food intake (frozen, cold and can processed food, instant and convenience store food, basic side dishes) behavior among the three groups. However, we recorded a negative value between processed food intake and bone density (BQI, T-score, %young adult, Z-score, %age-matched) generally. In particular, ramyeon (r=-0.1574, p<0.05) and cup-ramyeon (r=-0.1996, p<0.05) intake were significantly associated with the T-scores of bone density levels. The results of this study revealed that processed food intake was not generally desirable for healthy bone. Thus, practically and systematically organized education regarding a good and healthy dietary life is highly recommended.

Somatotype is a very important factor for the comfortable and safe work environments. Many researches are trying to find the characteristics of somatotype according to age. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze somatotype of male residents in Seoul. The data used in this study included 267 men subjects who are living in Seoul. In order to analyze a detailed somatotype of citizens, age groups are divided into six groups. In order to compare and analyze data, Coefficient of Variance, Cronbach's Alpha, Rohrer Index and Drop Value were used in this study. The results of this study can be applied to the comfortable and safe work environments for workers.