The present study aimed to examine the effect of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixtures as pet dogfeed ingredients on crude fat and ash digestibility. Three groups of feeds Feed A, Feed B, and Feed C supplied from three farms were fed to a total of 45 dogs. The dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixture were prepared by mixing 25 g of Ptecticu tenebrifer powder with 100 g of canned food. Feed A, Feed B, and Feed C containing dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixtures were fed to 15 dogs of each breed of bichon, poodle, and chihuahua that were divided into three groups following a completely randomized design. For measuring the crude fat and crude ash digestibility, manure of each dog breed from each group were collected. Crude fat digestibility was not statistically significant among the dog breeds fed with feed C (p>0.05), but overall there was a statistical difference between the feed and the group by dog breed (p<0.05). In terms of crude ash digestibility, the three types of feed showed differences with respect to dog breeds (p<0.05). However, the group with no significant difference was observed in Feed B by dog breed (p>0.05). In conclusion, feeding Ptecticu tenebrifer powder mixture to dog breeds had no positive effect on the crude fat and ash digestibility and can be used as pet dogfeed ingredients.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Ptecticus tenebrifer on the fecal microbiomes of bichon frise. A total of 16 bichon frise dogs (average weight, 2 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (4 dogs/group): general pet food, two types of domestic pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer, and one imported pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer. In the controls, Firmicutes accounted for the highest proportion (82%) at the phylum level in the fecal microbiomes. The Tax4Fun2's functional prediction program indicated that the control groups showed a relatively high amount of obesity-related microorganisms; the pathways included three types of carbohydrate metabolism. Among the treatments, Firmicutes abundances was the least in the treatments with the two types of domestic pet food containing Ptecticus tenebrifer; this did not affect the functional prediction of Tax4Fun2. In conclusion, the two types of domestic feed with Ptecticus tenebrifer were healthy and suitable for bichon frise; they could be beneficial in terms of obesity.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Ptecticus tenebrifer powder on the mortality and meat quality of Korean native chickens. A total of 40,000 Korean native chickens (1 day old, Hanhyup No. 3) were allocated to two dietary treatments (20,000 chickens in each treatment), which were fed the following: basal diet (control) and 1% of Ptecticus tenebrifer powder (T1). Feeding trials were conducted for 12 weeks, and mortality was measured weekly. At the end of the experimental period, 16 chickens (8 chickens in each treatment) were selected and slaughtered to obtain breast meat. The items used to analyze meat quality were pH, TBARS, and meat color. The weekly mortality rate was decreased by around 2 to 3 times in the T1 treatment group compared with the control group. The pH, TBARS, L*, and b* values of Korean native chicken breast were not affected by Ptecticus tenebrifer powder supplementation (p>0.05); however, a* values showed statistical significance (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 1% Ptecticus tenebrifer powder reduced mortality rate and demonstrated its potential in livestock environmental management.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vegetation recovery status of Mudeungsan National Park Jungmeorijae, Jeungsimsa district restoration site, and the Shimwon Valley ecological landscape restoration site in Jirisan National Park. Compared to the control plots, the Jungmeorijae restoration site was analyzed to have height growth of about 73.5%, the average species diversity index of about 75.2%. and the average similarity index was recovered to 7.75%. In the case of the restoration site in Jeungsimsa district, the height growth compared to the control plots was about 69.2%, the average species diversity index was about 55.0%. and the average similarity index was recovered to 25.65%. In the case of the Shimwon Valley ecological landscape restoration area, the height growth compared to the control plots was about 32.6%, the average species diversity index about 176.7%. and the average similarity index was recovered to 0.85%. The restoration site of the Jeungsimsa district was planted with relatively large trees during restoration work, and it took a relatively long time(20 years). Also, the site had less limiting factors due to the low elevation, allowing the degree of vegetation recovery to be higher than that of other sites.

This study investigated the effects of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder and canned mixtures on protein digestibility by different breeds of companion dogs (15 Bichons, 15 Malteses, 15 Chihuahuas and 15 Poodles). The mixtures were divided into Diet A, Diet B, Diet C, Diet D, and Diet E, which were supplied from five farms. Twenty-five grams each was mixed with 100 g of each canned food, and a total of 125 g was measured for each breed of dog. The result of component analysis of the mixtures showed the highest protein contents rather than dry matter, crude ash or crude fat. There were statistical significances (p<0.05) in all mixed feeds fed to bichon, maltese, chihuahua and poodle dog. Overall, protein digestibility by the breeds of dog ranged from 87.44% to 97.18%. Result of breed of dog comparison revealed that Diet E by poodle dog had the highest protein digestibility, and the lowest protein digestibility was observed in Diet C by Maltese. In conclusion, the use of dietary Ptecticu tenebrifer powder and canned mixtures did not only increased protein digestibility by different breeds of dog but also maintained normal manure properties.

The characteristics of heavy metal ion (Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+) adsorption by zeolite synthesized from Jeju scoria using the fusion and hydrothermal method, were studied. The synthetic zeolite was identified as a Na-A zeolite by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy images. The equilibrium of heavy metal ion adsorption by synthetic zeolite was reached within 60 min for Ni2+ and Zn2+, and 90 min for Cr3+. The uptake of heavy metal ions increased with increasing pH in the range of pH 3-6 and the uptake decreased in the order of Cr3+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. For initial heavy metal concentrations of 20-250 mg/L at nonadjusted pH, the adsoption of heavy metal ions was well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model and was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum uptake of heavy metal ions obtained from the Langmuir model, decreased in the order of Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Cr3+, differing from the effect of pH on the uptake, which was mainly based on the different pH of the solutions.

고랭지 농업(해발고도 400 m이상)은 주로 해발고도가 높은 산지의 경사지에서 이루어지고 있고, 대부분 작물 재배기간이 5월부터 9월까지(5개월)로 짧아, 나머지 7개월은 토양 피복이 이루어지지 않은 상태로 있어 토양유실 가능성이 높다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서 고랭지 경사도 55% 라이 시미터(Lysimeter)에서 경관성이 높은 구절초를 식재하여 토양 유실 저감 효과를 규명하였다. 관행구로 나지(Control, TC) 대비 식재 밀도에 따라 구절초 적은 그룹(T1, 40주), 구절초 많은 그룹(T2, 70주)로 하여 총 3처리를 두었다. 구절초의 재배기간 (6-10월) 피복율을 조사한 결과 대조구인 나지상태인 TC는 0% 의 피복율인데 반해 구절초 식재한 T1 처리구는 43-59%의 피복율을 보였으며, T2 처리구는 63-81%로 경사지 토양을 피복시 키는 효과가 가장 좋았다. 재배기간 평균기온의 5개월 평균은 평균기온범위는 16.1℃로 나타났으며 강우량은 1207.9 ㎜로 나 타났다. 재배기간 동안 평균적인 지표유출량 경감효과는 TC 처 리 대비 구절초 피복처리구인 T1 처리구는 71%, T2처리구는 76%로 우수하였다. 또한, 토양유실량의 경우 TC보다 T1처리구 의 경우 84%, 재색밀도가 높은 T2 처리구의 경우 98%의 토양유실 감소효과를 보였다. 따라서, 고랭지 경사지에 영년생 자원식물 중 경관성이 뛰어난 구절초를 식재함으로서 경사지 토양유실을 경감시킬 수 있고, 부가가치가 높은 고소득작물로 활용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is widespread in reclaimed land and wetland habitats. Every year, the common reed produces extensive colonies by means of underground rhizomes and ground-surface stolons. From an agricultural point of view, the common reed's large biomass is a good material for supplying organic matter. However, it has not yet been studied in terms of seedling production, transplanting conditions, and decomposition characteristics in reclaimed land. Seeds were harvested from the native common reed in Saemangeum, South Korea, the previous year and stored on an open field. The seeds were sowed in the greenhouse at the beginning of April. Common reed decomposition was studied from June to September, with the use of coarse mesh (5 mm) stem litterbags, on three samping dates and with five replicate packs per sample. These packs were dug in five soil condition (low-salinity topsoil, subsoil, high-salinity topsoil, subsoil, paddy topsoil) to 0.2 m and 0.4 m depth. The highest germination rate of common reed seeds was observed in non-salt solution, but the exhibited germination rate was 70% at 9.38 dS m-1. The plant height of young reed decreased steadily with increasing salinity, but leaf number did not decrease by 9.38 dS m-1. The survival rate of the two-year-old reed was 83.3%, which was 35% higher than that of the one-year reed. The transplant success rate was 0% in the no vinyl mulching in the soil, but the first year and second year seedlings survived rates were 63% and 83.3%, respectively, in vinyl mulching. Common reed decomposition rates were faster low salinity than high salinity. All nutrient contents were found to fluctuate significantly with time by soil conditions. We also need to study the growth rate of reed transplanting seedlings by soil moisture contents and the comparison of degradation in common reed tissues.

「시설물의 안전 및 유지관리에 관한 특별법」에 의거하여 정밀안전진단을 실시하는 시설물은 「시설물의 안전 및 유지관리 실시 세부지침」(이하 “세부지침”)에 의거 안정성 평가 및 손상에 대한 상태평가를 수행하고 있다. 그러나 철근노출이 발생하고 손상이 장기화 된 시설물의 철근부식을 고려한 안정성 검토가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 따라, RC 구조물에 콘크리트 철근노출의 공용년수를 고려하여 구조안전성을 수행하고 상태등급을 산정하였다.

Ptecticus tenebriferwas incorporated to partially or totally replace the diets of juvenile white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Experimental groups of shrimp with an average initial body weight of 0.014 ± 0.001 g were fed each of the 5 diets formulated to include 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (C, T25, T50, T75, and T100, respectively) of Ptecticus tenebriferpowder substituted for commercial feed. After eight weeks of feeding trials, juvenile shrimp fed with diets T25 and T50 showed higher live weight gain (2.298 ± 0.405 and 2.539 ± 0.406, respectively), and a better feed conversion ratio (1.389 ± 0.246 and 1.536 ± 0.246, respectively) compared to those of shrimp fed a control diet. Survival rate was 98% in all experimental groups except for the T75 group (66.67±57.73% survival). The levels of immune markers such as beta-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase, and crustin associated with the cellular and humoral immunity of shrimp were found to be higher in 25% and 50% commercial feed replacement groups. A reduction in total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and ammonia levels was greater in T25 and T50 rather than in T75 and T100. These results clearly indicate that replacement of feed with 25 to 50% Ptecticus tenebriferpowder in juvenile white shrimp diet was optimal in promoting the growth performance of shrimp without any adverse effects.