To understand the genesis of tropical cyclones (TC), we computed TC genesis probability (GPr) by partitioning a highly localized genesis frequency (GFq) into nearby grid boxes in proportion to the spatial coherence of genesis potential index (GPI). From the analysis of TCs simulated by the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model Version 0 and the observed TCs, it was shown that GPr reasonably converges to GFq when averaged over a long-term period in a decent grid size, supporting its validity as a proxy representing a true TC GPr. The composite anomalies of the gridded GPr in association with the Asia summer monsoon, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) are much less noisy than those of GFq, and consequently are better interpretable. In summary, GPr converges to GFq, varies more smoothly than GFq, represents the spatiotemporal variations of GFq better than GPI, and depicts GFq with greater spatial details than other spatially smoothed GFqs.

Lilium dauricum is a rare and endangered species belonging to the family Liliaceae. The species contains several bioactive compounds used as functional foods and medicinal agents in Northeast Asia. This study aimed (1) to establish an in vitro bulblet culture using an air-lift bioreactor and callus culture for the conservation of L. dauricum and obtaining its bioactive compounds; (2) investigate the plant phenolic compounds from both cultures system. The highest bulblet production with 12.5-fold increase in growth rate was obtained using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 BA and 3% sucrose. Addition of 7% sucrose facilitated bulblet enlargement, with approximate 2.5- and 7-fold increases in diameter and fresh weight, respectively. The highest rate of callus (100%) was obtained using a combination of 1.0 mg L-1 picloram and 0.5 mg L-1 Kinetin. The callus proliferation occurred on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 picloram, 0.25 mg L-1 kinetin, and 0.25 g L-1 casein hydrolysate. There was a significant difference in the total phenolic compound content of callus, which was 1.5-fold higher than that in the bulblets. These findings indicate a suitable system for optimizing both bulblet and callus culture of L. dauricum, therefore, providing useful bio-materials for industrial purposes and contributing to the conservation of this species.

We present the results of near-infrared imaging observations of the galaxy overdensity around the z = 1.44 radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) 6CE1100+3505, which was carried out with the purpose of sampling the redshifted Hα emission from the actively star-forming galaxies that could constitute the overdensity. The existence of the structure around this AGN was spectroscopically confirmed by previous grism observations which are however limited to the central region. Using the CH4Off narrow/medium-band and H broad band filters in the Wide Infrared Camera (WIRCam) on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), we constructed a sample of objects that show a flux excess in the CH4Off band due to line emission. The emission line flux is ∼ 4.9 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 , corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of ∼ 50 M⊙ yr−1 for galaxies at redshifts z ∼ 1.4. None of the galaxies with medium-band flux excess is located within 1 Mpc from the central AGN, and there is no evidence that the selected galaxies are associated with the proposed cluster. Along with the star formation quenching near the center that was found from the previous grism observations, the lack of extreme starbursts in the structure suggests that at z ∼ 1.4, overdense regions are no longer favorable locations for vigorous star formation.

본 작품인 애니멀 키오스크는 2019년 사비나미술관 여름특별기획전에 7월부터 11월까지 전시되었다. 멸종 위기동물, 예술로HUG전은 ‘생물다양성 보전’ 이라는 인류의 당면과제를 예술적 시각으로 제시하고 그 해답을 찾기 위한 시도로 기획되었다. 이와같이 본 전시는 멸종위기 동물과 함께 살아가는 세상을 만들기 위해 인류에게 전하는 공존과 화해의 메세지를 주제로 기획되었다. 우리는 이러한 주제를 더욱 돋보이기 위해 키오스크와 프로젝션을 통해 환경 자가 진단 체크리스트인 “애니멀 키오스크”를 전시했다. 애니멀키오스크는 환경에 대한 실천지수를 점검하고 각자에게 맞는 환경보호 실천방법을 진단해 알려주는 관객 참여형 인터랙티브 아트 작품이다. 관객이 스스로 무엇이 문제인지, 어떤 방식으로 접근해야 생태계 공존이라는 새로운 가치와 의미를 만들어낼 수 있는지에 관해 생각하는 시간을 갖게하고 관객 참여를 통해 우리가 원하는 세상을 살기 위한 가장 일상적이고 구체적인 실천방법을 제안하고자 한다. 애니멀 키오스크는 각각 다른 개발 도구를 활용하여 개발되었다. 이는 효과적인 표현과 플랫폼에 맞추기 위해 선택되었다. 그리고 이를 통해 5개월간 열린 전시에서 확인해 보았다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 앞으로 다양한 전시 콘텐츠와 다른 개발 도구를 융합하는 방향을 도출한다.

In South Korea, Particulate matter (PM) has become one of the major threats to public health and safety across the country. Urban forests have been considered as a possible contributor to mitigate the air pollutants in urban areas. However, there is lack of research on investigating the role of urban forests on mitigating PM. This study investigated on the relationship between urban forests and PM concentrations in Seoul, South Korea, by using urban forest data, PM measurements, satellite imagery, and meteorological data. The correlation between the size of urban forests and PM measurements within three concentric buffers of 1 km, 500 m, and 300 m in radius were analyzed. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations varied significantly with different seasons during the 2-year study period. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations tended to be reduced as the urban forest size increased. This tendency became less noticeable as smaller urban forest patches were predominant over larger patches in the buffers. Season-specific models were developed by using 30m-resolution satellite imageries of Landsat 8 and meteorological parameters for estimating PM concentrations. No noticeable correlations were found between the modeled PM concentrations and the Urban forest size showing the ualves of Pearson’s coefficient r of 0.08 to 0.23 for PM10 and -0.16 to 0.04 for PM2.5. In this study, the variations in PM measurements with the presence of high urban forests within buffers were investigated. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were lower along the domains encompassing higher urban forests in elevation.

신흥시장 다국적 기업의 국제 인수합병에 대한 참여와 관심이 증대되는 가운데, 본 연구는 2000년부터 2014년까지의 기간 동안 중국과 인도의 다국적 기업들이 완료한 433건의 인수합병 거래를 대상으로 상대적 크기, 문화적 거리, 제도적 거리가 인수합병 성과에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 상대적 크기는 인도 기업의 인수합병 성과에 U자형의 비선형적 영향을 미쳤으나, 문화적 거리와 제도적 거리는 인도 기업의 성과에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반면, 중국 기업 인수 합병 성과의 경우, 상대적 크기에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 받지 않았으나, 문화적 거리와 제도적 거리에 각각 음(-)의 영향과 양(+)의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다.

This study examines the controlling role of synoptic disturbances on PM10 spring variability in the Korean Peninsula by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and back trajectory analyses. Three leading EOF modes are identified, and a lead-lag analysis suggests that PM10 variabilities be closely related to the synoptic weather systems. The first EOF shows the spatially homogeneous distribution of PM10, which is influenced by travelling anticyclonic disturbance with negative precipitation and descending motion. The second and third modes exhibit the dipole structures of PM10, being associated with propagating cyclones. Furthermore, the back-trajectory analysis suggests that the transport of pollutants by anomalous winds associated with synoptic disturbances also contribute to the altered PM10 concentration. Hence, a substantial synoptic control should be considered in order to fully understand the PM10 spatiotemporal variability.