Fumigation activity of Frankliniella occidentalis, western flower thrips, and phytotoxicity were evaluated with phosphine(PH3) and ethyl formate (EF) in the asparagus. Fumigation activity of PH3 and EF showed in the order of egg (64.7 mg·h/Land 132.9 mg·h/L), nymph (5.5 mg·h/L and 14.8 mg·h/L), and adult (3.8 mg·h/L and 14.7 mg·h/L) respectively at 5˚C in12 L desiccator. The adsorption of PH3 was 24% at 5˚C. However, the adsorption of EF increased sharply to 98% at 5˚C.PH3 showed 100% control for all development stage of F. occidentalis with 4g/m3 in 0.65m3 at 2˚C for 48h exposure. Thephytotoxicity was not found. The results revealed that the EF is highly absorbable in asparagus, so it is not suitable as afumigant, but PH3 is considered to be suitable as an alternative MB fumigant for control of the F. occidentalis in asparagus.

최근 대추에 복숭아유리나방, 사과유리나방 복숭아심식나방이 대추과원에서 발생하고 있으나, 발생 생태에 대한 연구가 미비하여 좀더 효 율적 방제시기를 설정하고자 페로몬 트랩을 이용하여 3년간 발생소장을 조사하였다. 그 결과 복숭아유리나방은 5월부터 10월까지 발생되었으 며, 6월 중순과 9월 중순에 2번의 발생 최성기가 나타내었다. 사과유리나방의 경우 5월부터 10월까지 발생되었으며, 6월 중순 ~ 6월 하순과 9월 중순 ~ 9월 하순에 2번의 발생 최성기를 나타내었다. 하지만 발생 개체수가 많이 않았다. 복숭아심식나방의 경우 5월부터 10월까지 발생이 이루 어졌으며, 7월 중순과 8월 하순 ~ 9월 중순에 2번에 걸쳐 발생 최성기를 나타내었다.

This study investigated the nutritional compositions and physiochemical properties of three domestically cultivated jujube fruits (Boeun, Sangwhang, and Bokjo). Nutrient contents were analyzed by freeze-drying the jujube fruits. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the three jujube cultivars ranged from 7.85~13.52% for moisture, 4.65~5.24% for crude protein, 1.29~2.38% for crude ash, 0.17~1.09% for crude lipid, and 7.66~16.63% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of jujube cultivars were significantly different. Mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in the three jujube fruits were also determined. Mn, Cu and Zn were not detected in any of the varieties. The content of Al was higher in Sangwhang, while Boeun had higher contents of Ca and K. The total polyphenol, ABTS values, and hypoglycemic effect were slightly higher in Boeun as compared to the other varieties. Taken together, Boeun could be an important source of natural antioxidant as a functional food.

Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride), derived from French lilac (Galega officinalis), is a first-line anti-diabetic drug prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of metformin in odontoblastic cell differentiation is still unclear. This study therefore undertook to examine the effect of metformin on regulating odontoblast differentiation in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. As compared to controls, metformin significantly accelerated the mineralization, significantly increased and accelerated the expressions of ALP and Col I mRNAs, and significantly increased the accelerated expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs, during differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. There was no alteration in cell proliferation of MDPC-23 cells, on exposure to metformin. These results suggest that the effect of metformin on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells, facilitates the odontoblast differentiation and mineralization, without altering the cell proliferation.

Dermanyssus gallinae is parasitic to chicken, and they cause many damages such as disturbing sleep reducing for body weight and egg production by blood-sucking. To develop acaricide against D. gallinae, The acaricidal activity of 40 species plant extract were examined. Cnidium officinale extracted by Me-OH showed 82.0% acaricidal activity after treated 48 hrs at 4,000 ppm. The hexane fraction showed 92.4% mortality against D. gallinae at 48 hrs at 2,000 ppm. Purification of the biologically active constituents from the hexane extraction with acaricidal activity was done using silica gel open column chromatography and HPLC. H1122 fraction gave 80.9% mortality to D. gallinae at 400 ppm after treated 48 hrs. H1122 fraction was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR.

Thirty-one Campylobacter jejuni isolates (22 from various local sources, 9 from imported chicken meats) were subtyped with PFGE and flaA typing to investigate their genetic relatedness. Based on a 90% similarity criterion, 23 and 21 genotypic patterns were formed by PFGE and flaA typing, respectively. The discriminatory indices for PFGE, flaA typing, and a composite analysis of PFGE and flaA typing were 0.9785, 0.9527, and 0.9871, respectively. Similar patterns in composite analysis were observed between sources (cattle and chicken, and cattle and human), indicating that reservoir animals may have been the source of human campylobacteriosis. Therefore, strict hygiene measures from farm to table should be implemented to prevent diseases due to C. jejuni in humans.

This study compared the development, reproduction, and DNA damage in insecticide (acequinocyl, bifenazate, and etoxazole)-resistant (AR, BR, and ER) and -susceptible (S) strains of Tetranychus urticae by electron beam irradiation. When eggs were irradiated with 150 Gy, the egg hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When nymphs were irradiated, their emergence rate was decreased with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation. When adults were irradiated, the longevity and the number of eggs was not affected at all target dose in all strains. However, hatchability of F1 generation was perfectly inhibited at 400 Gy in all strains. The DNA damage caused by electron beam irradiation was evaluated by an alkaline comet assay. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced abnormal development and reproduction in S, AR, BR, and ER strains of T. urticae.

The fumigant activity of phosphine (PH3) and ethyl formate (EF) was determined to all stage of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) under high oxygen concentration (50% and 80%). Oxygenated PH3 and EF were tested at two different temperatures (20°C and 4°C) during 7 days. Two oxygenated fumigants were treated with LC10, 30 and 50 values of single fumigant against each stage of P. operculella. At 10% inhibition of hatchability concentration value, inhibition of hatchability of P. operculella eggs was shown 20.3% and 9.2% with 50% and 80% oxygenated PH3 at 20°C at 1 day after treatment, respectively. The fumigant activity of oxygenated PH3 was increased at all stage of P. operculella except eggs both 20°C and 4°C. However, oxygenated EF was determined low fumigant efficacy to hatchability of eggs and emergence rate of pupae. The insecticidal activities of P. operculella larvae and adults were slightly increased mortality rather than single EF. In this result suggests that oxygenated phosphine is effective method for managing P. operculella. But, oxygenated EF is not effective.

We report relative proper motion measurements of H2O masers in massive star-forming region W51 Main, based on data sets of VLBI observations for H2O masers at 22 GHz with Japanese VERA telescopes from 2003 to 2006. Data reductions and single-beam imaging analysis are to measure internal kinematics of maser spots and eventually to estimate the three-dimensional kinematics of H2O masers in W51 Main. Average space motions and proper motion measurements of H2O masers are given both graphical and in table formats. We find in this study that W51 Main appears to be associated with hyper-compact H II region with multiple massive proto-stars whose spectral types are of late O.

원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 polystyrene-b-poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PHEMA) 블록 공중합체를 합성한 뒤, 블록 공중합체의 -OH 그룹과 이미다졸 디카르복실릭산 (IDA)의 -COOH 그룹과의 에스테르 반응에 의하여 가교된 전해질막을 제조하였다. 인산(H3PO4)을 도핑하여 이미다졸-인산 착체를 형성한 결과, 인산 함량이 증가함에 따라 공중합체 전해질막의 수소 이온 전도도가 계속 증가하였다. 또한 인장강도와 인장률 모두 인산 함량에 따라 증가하였다. 특히 [HEMA]: [IDA]:[H3PO4] = 3:4:4의 조성을 갖는 PS-b-PHEMA/IDA/H3PO4 블록 공중합체 전해질막은 100°C의 비가습 조건에서 최대 0.01 S/cm의 수소이온 전도도를 나타내었다. 열분석(TGA) 실험을 통하여 전해질막은 350°C의 고온까지 열적으로 안정함을 확인하였다.

Two cherry tomato plant cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, cultivars ‘Koko’ and ‘Pepe’) were supplied with high (395 ppm), medium (266 ppm) and low (199 ppm) concentrations of nitrogen to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilization on development, cultivar preference and honeydew production by greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The nitrogen, protein, andchlorophyll content of tomato leaves were higher in the high nitrogen supplied plants than in the medium or low nitrogen supplied plants, but the sugar content showed an inverse relationship. The developmental times of eggsand nymphs decreased as the nitrogen concentrations increased in both cultivars. The preference of T. vaporariorum was compared by counting the number of eggs deposited on leaves in choice and non-choice tests. In the non-choice test, no significant nitrogen treatment effects were observedbut the upper plant stratum was preferred for egg laying. In the choice test, there were significant main effects of cultivar and nitrogen concentration. T. vaporariorum laid eggs more on leaves of plants with higher nitrogen at the upper stratum. In both experiments, T, vaporariorum preferred the ‘Koko’ cultivar to the ‘Pepe’ cultivar. The honeydew production of T. vaporariorum nymphs increased with decreasing nitrogen treatment concentrations. The largest honeydew production was detected in the ‘Pepe’ cultivar grown at low nitrogen concentration. It is concluded that cultivar ‘Pepe’ had an advantage over ‘Koko’ in term of T. vaporariorum management program in tomato greenhouses.

Recently, increasing interests in local foods have been highlighted along with active efforts and activities from autonomy organizations to develop local cultures and promote local economies by generating value added products and profits through the development of local foods. Subsequently, useful effects might result by making local foods attractive to tourists, such as by using indigenous Gimpo products to makc menu items that incorporate the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Gimpo area, and contributing to its food culture, the development and use of its indigenous products, and promoting local restaurant businesses, etc. The items of the Survey used to select the local food menu items to be developed were limited to ideas offered by expert groups, and were implemented by a new menu developmεnt process. In order to derive the menu items to develop, the following method was applied: a brainstorming session with experts to generate and draft ideas, a questionnaire to chefs and cooks in special grade hotels is Seoul to select thε menu items to develop from those drafted, and sensory evaluations by experts to evaluate the developed items. Frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 12.0 program package, where 13 kinds of local foods were ultimately developed using indigenous products of Gimpo. The developed local food menu items werε rice & grape sujaebi, grape sikhae, fried rice embryo bud, grape yanggaeng, rice pancakes, rice spaghetti, grape seed oil dressing, grape sauce， rice pizza, grape pie， rice & grape ice cream, grape chocolate, and rice roll cakes.

The toxicity of perilla-chinese Basil, Perilla frutescens whole plant-derived materials to third-instar of larva Plutella xylostella was examined using that of four insecticides and 5 constituents of P. frutescens from other research materials. The active principle of P. frutescens was identified as the sesquiterpenoids α-farnesene by spectroscopic analysis. In leaf-dipping bioassay, α-farnesene (LD50, 36.9) was 3.9 times more toxic than β-farnesene (LD50, 145.2) against P. xylostella larva, based on 48h LD50 values. This compound was less toxic than insecticides. Naturally occurring α-farnesene merit further study as potential diamond back moth control agent.

We have investigated the optical properties of the global haze on Titan from spectra recorded between 7100 and 9200Åwhere CH4 absorption bands of various intensities occur. The Titan spectra were obtained on Feb. 23, 2005 (UT), near the times of the Cassini T3 flyby and Huygens probe, using an optical echelle spectrograph (BOES) on the 1.8-m telescope at Bohyunsan Observatory in Korea. In order to derive the optical properties of the haze as a function of altitude, we developed an inversion radiative-transfer program using an atmospheric model of Titan and laboratory CH4 absorption coefficients available from the literature. The derived extinction coefficients of the haze increase toward the surface, and the coefficients at shorter wavelengths are greater than those at longer wavelengths for the 30 - 120 km altitude range, indicating that the Titanian haze becomes optically thin toward the longer wavelength range. Total optical depths of the haze are estimated to be 1.4 and 1.2 for the 7270 -7360Åand 8940 -9150Å ranges, respectively. Based on the Huygens/DISR data set, Tomasko et al. (2005) reported total optical depths of 2.5 - 3.5 at 8290Å depending on the assumed fractal aggregate particle model. The total optical depths based on our results are smaller than those of Tomasko et al., but they partially overlap with their results if we consider a large uncertainty from possible variations of the CH4 mixing ratio over Titan's disk. We also derived the single scattering albedo of the haze particles as a function of altitude: it is less than 0.5 at altitudes higher than ~150Km the average particle radius is smaller than the wavelengths, whereas near the surface, it becomes comparable or greater.