‘소임’ 은 잎수확을 목적으로 하는 품종육성을 위하여 1994년에 잎들깨 1호와 차조기 유전자원 YCPL173을 인공교배하여 F₁, F₂ 세대를 양성하고, F₃부터 계통 전개하여 선발한 YPL19-2B-7-3-3-1 계통이다. 주요특성은 잎모양은 둥근 심장형이며 잎색은 뒷면 자주색 발현이 양호하다. 경색은 녹색, 화색은 흰색이고 종자는 암갈색의 구형이다. 채엽재배시 일반특성은 잎들깨 1호와 비교하여 최대엽장은 16.9 cm로 비교적 작은 편이며 상품잎당 속잎비율이 높아 동계 수확작업이 용이하다. 소임은 ’02~’03년 2년간 동계시설하우스 재배에서 상품잎수가 7,172 kg/10a로 잎들깨 1호에 비해 8% 증수하였다. ’04~’05년 2년간 하계에 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 상품잎무게는 5,410 kg/10a로 표준품종에 비해 1% 증수하였고 상품잎수도 10a당 3,417천매로 잎들깨 1호보다 13% 증수하였다.

간식용 대립 땅콩의 선호도가 높음에 따라 단경 대립 다수 성 신품종 육성을 위하여 대립 다수성인 ‘남광’과 ‘U2-12-6’ 의 교잡계통과 단경 품종인 ‘사도노카’를 인공교배하여 육성 한 ‘연풍’의 주요 특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘연풍’은 버 지니아 초형으로 개화기가 빠르고 지상부 생장습성은 단경다분지성이다. ‘연풍’은 ‘대광’에 비해 성숙협수, 협실비율, 100협립수, 100립중등 양호한 수량구성요소를 보이며 100립 중이 88 g인 대립품종이고, 도복은 매우 강한 특성을 나타내 며 흑반병, 그물무늬병에 비교적 강하고 낙엽율도 낮아 생육 후기까지 녹엽 유지에 유리하였다. ‘연풍’은 단백질이 31.9%, 기름함량이 49.8%이고 지방산은 올레산과 리놀산의 비율이 같은 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘연풍’은 3년간 지역적응시험 결과 ‘대광’에 비하여 전국 평균 4.81 ton로서 15% 증수되었다. ‘연풍’은 경장이 짧고 병해에도 강한 편이나 충분한 성숙을 위하여 경기북부와 강원도, 산간 고냉지를 제외한 지역에서 적응성이 높은 품종이다.

새로운 참깨품종 ‘밀성’을 농촌진흥청 작물시험장 영남 시험장에서 2007년에 개발하였다. 교배조합은 이리4호와 ‘수원131호’로 고품질, 다수성, 내병성을 목적으로 하였다. ‘밀성’은 계통육종법을 이용하여 생산력검정시험, 지역적응성 검정시험을 거쳐 개발되었다. ‘밀성’은 소분지이고 3과성, 2실 4방의 꼬투리를 가지고 있다. 그리고 ‘밀성’의 개화기는 7월 1일로 표준품종인 ‘양백’보다 2일 빨랐다. 또한 성숙기는 8월20일로 ‘양백’과 같았다. ‘밀성’의 경장은 129 cm로 ‘양백’과비슷했다. 하지만 ‘밀성’은 ‘양백’보다 많은 27개의 착삭절을가지고 있어 밀삭형이다. ‘밀성’의 천립중은 2.79 g으로 ‘양백’보다 컸다. ‘밀성’의 역병저항성 및 도복저항성은 ‘양백’과비슷했고 ‘밀성’의 수량은 98 kg/10a로 ‘양백’보다 5% 증수하였다. ‘밀성’은 유지함량은 ‘양백’보다 적었으나 단백질함량은 많았다. 지방산 중 올레산의 비율은 45.8%였고 세사민함량은 2.8 mg/g, 세사몰린 함량은 3.0 mg/g이었다.

A new peanut variety “Sangan”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata L.) showed the highest yielding of Korean varieties was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2011. This was developed from the crossing line between cultivar “Palkwang” with high quality and “local collection” with short stem. “Sangan” which is Shinpung plant type has 44cm of main stem length and 10 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with long ellipse shape of brown testa and yield components is composed of 40 mature pods of per plant, 96g of 100-seed weight, 79% of pod shelling ratio in the regional yield trials(RYT). Seed quality showed 48.5% of crude oil and 29.1% of protein content. This variety also showed more resistant to early leaf spot and web blotch, compared with check variety, Daekwang. In the regional yield trials “Sangan” outyielded check variety by 15% with 4.87 MT/ha for kernel.

This experiment was conducted to develop new black sesame variety with multi-disease resistance and high yield potential. A new sesame variety ‘Daheuk’ was developed from Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute in 2009. Cross was made by ‘Whahuck’ with high disease resistance and F1 line of ‘Yoosung’ and ‘Keunhuck’ with high yields capacity & disease resistance, followed by pedigree selection, yield test and RYT by the sesame breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science and Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute up to 2009. The variety showed higher disease resistance and yield potential rather than that of check variety ‘Yangheuk’. Average stem length and the number of capsules per plant were 117cm, 75 respectively. It’s 1000 grains weight was about 2.80g indicating 0.20g higher than that of ‘Yangheuk’, and it’s protein content was about 25.7% which is higher than that of check variety. ‘Daheuk’ also contained total 3.0mg/g of lignan compounds which is lower than that of ‘Yangheuk’. The average yield of ‘Daheuk’ was 97kg per 10a at the national-wide regional performance.

A new vegetable peanut variety “Jaseon”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. fastigiata.) was developed at the Department of Functional Crop, NICS, in Milyang in 2011. It was developed from the cross between the Large grain cultivar “YG60” and the short stem cultivar “YG55”. “Jaseon” which is Shipung plant type has 43cm main stem length and 11 branch number per plant. Each pod has two grains with brown testa with long-ellipse shaped large kernel and dried 100-seed weight was 105g in the regional yield trials(RYT). The Sucrose and tannin content of fresh peanut are 25.0mg/g and 4.4mg/g, respectively. This variety also showed more resistant to late leaf spot, stem rot and lodging, compared with check variety, Palkwang. In the regional yield trials “Jaseon” was outyielded than check variety by 15% with 10.21MT/ha for fresh pod and by 11% with 4.37MT/ha for dried kernel.

This experiment was conducted to develop optimum sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition. We also compared major components in sesame seed cultivated in the greenhouse and open field condition. The adaptable varieties under the greenhouse condition were white sesame 'Pyoungan' and black sesame 'Jinki' which showed higher yield and disease resistance. We also conducted several experiments to determine optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time. Grain yields were statistically different according to the several sowing dates. In general, sesame sowing on June 30th showed higher grain yields than July 10th, July 20th and July 30th in the greenhouse. We also found out sesame cultivation practice with the row spacing of 40 cm and interplant spacing of 30 cm (a few branch type) or 40 cm (many branch type) showed higher yield than other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering in main stem when thousand seed weight and grain yield were highest. In the comparison of major components of sesame at the different cultivation conditions, sesame seeds cultivated in the greenhouse contained 4% much more oil content than open field condition. The lignan compounds, sesamin and sesamolin were also higher by 6% in the greenhouse than open field condition. It was concluded that sesame cultivation practices as succeeding cropping system of watermelon in the greenhouse condition guaranteed higher grain yield with less labor input which is now emerging alternative farming practice system in present aging rural society and will also give sesame cultivation farmers to increase net income in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to determine the free amino acid contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in raw Sesamum indicum seeds (cv. Kopum and cv. Mihuk) and their sprouts germinated for 7 days. Total free amino acid contents of sprouts (29.34±3.3 mg/g DW) were significantly higher than that of raw seeds (6.85±0.39 mg/g DW). All individual free amino acid, including asparagine, alanin, arginine, and leicine were significantly increased in the sesame sprout. And also germinated sprout significantly increased the total phenolic contents (2.2±0.3 mg GAE/g) that resulted in the increased DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging capacity. Subsequently, two varieties of sesame and its sprouts were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Catechin, sinapic acid and salicylic acid were identified as the major phenolic acid presented in sesame sprout. However, the major biological constituents sesamin and sesamolin content were significantly decreased during germination.

The influenza neuraminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.18) is an antiviral target of high pharmaceutical interest because of its essential role in cleaving sialic acid residues from surface glycoproteins and facilitating release of virions from infected cell. In this context, polyphenolic compounds including luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and apigenin from Perilla frutescens were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on recombinant virus H1N1 neuraminidase. Among the test compounds, luteolin and rosmarinic acid inhibited the rvH1N1 neuraminidase with an IC50 of 8.4 and 46.7 μM, respectively. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Dixon plots indicates that luteolin and rosmarinic acid are noncompetitive inhibitor and inhibition constant, Ki, were established as 14.3 and 43.9 μM, respectively. Subsequently, we also analyzed the rosmarinic acid and luteolin contents of 383 accessions of perilla seed germplasms by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rosmarinic acid and luteolin contents of perilla seeds were ranged from 15.7 μg/g to 2,894.9 μg/g and from 1.6 μg/g to 949.1 μg/g, respectively.

The perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.)], which belongs to the family Lamiaceae, have been used as a not only important traditional source of oil but also used traditional herbal medicine for treating various disease including depression, anxiety, tumor, cough, bacterial and fungal infections, allergy, detoxication and some intestinal disorders in east asian countries. In this context, luteolin isolated from the P. frutescens inhibited the linoleic acid peroxidation catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase-1 (EC 1.13.11.12, Type 1) with an IC50 of 5.0 μM. To investigate the inhibitory effect of luteolin on dioxygenase enzyme, we assayed soybean lipoxygenase-1 activity with the inhibitor. Soybean lipoxygenase-1 showed time-dependent inhibition in the presence of luteolin. Increasing luteolin concentrations led to the decrease in both the initial velocity (vi) and the steady-state rate (vs) in the progress curve. Thus luteolin showed a simple reversible noncompetitive slow-binding inhibition against soybean lipoxygenase-1 with kinetic parameter (k3 = 0.056 μM-1min-1, k4,= 0.006 μM-1min-1, Ki app = 0.106 μM).

A total of 162 accessions of Perilla germplasm collected from diverse habitats in South Korea. The oil content of the seeds varied from 19.8 to 49.6%, the average being 33.3%. Oil content showed wide ranges of variation. The fatty acid composition of the seed oil showed the following overall ranges: palmitic 4.5 to 8.1%, stearic 1.6 to 7.4%, oleic 13.4 to 23.6%, linoleic 9.5 to 19.5%, and linolenic acid 48.6 to 66.4%. No correlation was found between oil content and fatty acid composition. The results obtained in this study provide useful background information for developing new cultivars with a high oil content and different fatty acid. Several accessions could be used as parental lines in breeding programs aiming to increase perilla oil quantity and quality.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum cultural system of sesame under greenhouse condition with the comparison of open field cultural condition. The relatively higher adaptable varieties under greenhouse condition were white sesame "Pyoungan" and black sesame "Jinki" which showed higher yield potential and disease resistance. To set up standardized cultural system under greenhouse condition, we conducted several experiments of optimum sowing date, planting density and pinching time etc. When it came to sow sesame seed soon after early cultivated crops were harvested, the yield potential was higher than those of other sowing dates. Therefore, "June 30th" was optimum sesame sowing date in the greenhouse cultivation system. We also found out the space of 40㎝ between rows and 30cm(a few branch type) or 40cm(many branch type) between plants was better than those of other treatments. Optimum pinching time was 25 days after first flowering date when 1000 seeds weight and yield potential showed higher than other treatments.

This experiment was conducted to develope optimum seedling quality for the sesame transplanting system. To determine optimum seedling quality condition, we conducted several experiments. At the optimum pot selection experiment for the sesame transplanting, plastic pot with 105 holes showed relatively better early growth status of sesame than those of other plastic pots with 72, 128, 164 and 200 holes. And the soil combination, 'Bunong + Plant World' which is mixed 50% respectively showed higher germination rate, lower disease and lodging rate than those of other nursery soils at the determination of optimum nursery soil mixtures. We also conducted one experiment to find out seedling duration for the optimum transplanting seedling quality. According to the result, the seedling stage with about 4 or 5 regular leaves which came to 40 days after sowing showed higher number of capsule per plant and yield potential. Those results will help to develop mechanized sesame seedling transplanting system to reduce labor and increase net income for the sesame cultivation farmers.

This experiment was conducted to select cultivar suitable for peanut sprout from general Korean peanut cultivars developed already. On sprouting peanut, it rapidly increase the content of trans-resveratrol that has effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular in mouse. For this experiment we tested peanut sprout characteristics on 37 cultivars cultivated for 7 days at 26℃ temperature. The characteristics among cultivars showed the variations as follow: The range of 100 grain weight is 56 to 142, hypocotyl length 4.3 cm to 5.8 cm, diameter of hypocotyl 5.0 to 8.0 mm, epicotyl 0.8 cm to 4.6 cm, seedling ratio per seed number 84 % to 100 %, weight per seedling 4.9 g to 8.4 g, the rate of hypocotyl cleavage 0 % to 46 %, the content of trans-resveratrol 22.5 ㎍/g to 88.2 ㎍/g and sprout yield 360 % to 820%. We considered the selecting points as high sprout yield, high seedling rate, high resveratrol content, high low brownish cotyledon, no hypocotyl cleavage, and fat hypocotyl etc. Fortunately, the best cultivar "Jokwang" was selected on these conditions with 7.8 mm diameter, clean cotyledon color, 100 % seedling rate, 0 % hypocotyl cleavage, 63.3 ㎍/g resveratrol, and 820 % sprouting yield. This cultivar may use as new food and nutraceutical material.

This experiment was conducted to find out optimum priming treatment conditions to the sesame seed as a preliminary study for enhancing sesame germination properties. Effective priming agents and concentrations for sesame seed were K3PO4 , 200 mM and PEG6000, -1.0 MPa respectively. Optimum priming temperature and duration were 15~circC , 4 days in view of germination speed and germination percentage. PEG6000 with -1.0 MPa was selected as an efficient priming treatment condition at 15~circC , 4 days. This study suggested that priming treatment to sesame seed would be an effective technique enhancing sesame seed germination and shortening time to the T50 at the field condition, but the efficiency of priming treatments to the sesame seed would be strongly dependent on individual or integrated conditions of priming agent, concentration, temperature and duration etc.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth characters and yield components of 18 collected sesame cultivars to get basic information on the variation for the sesame breeding using principal component analysis. All characters except days to flowering, days to maturity and 1,000 seed weight showed significantly different. Seed weight per 10 are showed higher coefficient of variance. Capsule bearing stem length and liter weight showed positive correlation with seed yield per 10 are. The principal components analysis grouped the estimated sesame cultivars into four main components which accounted for 83.7% of the total variation at the eigenvalue and its contribution to total variation obtained from principal component analysis. The first principal component (Z1 ) was applicable to increase plant height, capsule bearing stem length and 1,000-seed weight. The second principal component (Z2 ) negatively correlated with days to flowering and maturity by which it was applicable to shorten flowering and maturity date of sesame. At the scatter diagram, Yangbaek, Ansan, M1, M2, M4, M7 and M9 were classified as same group, but M10, Yanghuk, Kanghuk, M5, M6, M12 and M13 were classified as different group. This results would be helpful for sesame breeder to understand genetic relationship of some agronomic characters and select promising cross lines for the development of new sesame variety.

This study was conducted to improve the quantity of fatty acid in peanut oil for quality breeding program. To determine fatty acids of oleic acid and linoleic acid in F2 generation, we used near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) with high R2 values of 0.983 and 0.991 for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. For this experiment, two combinations with 2 mother plant( cultivar Sangpyeong and Baekseon) and 1 father plant (YGC 2) were analysed. Each cultivar Sangpyeong, Baekseon, and YGC-2 in oleic and linoleic acid have 41.6%, 58.8%, 76.9% and 44.9%, 26.2%, 5.7% respectively. Distribution of fatty acid in combination Sangpyeon/YGC-2 in oleic acid showed 38.2% to 83.5%, and in linoleic acid showed 43.2% to 6.3%. The combination of Baekseon/YGC2-2 also showed 44.6% to 81.0% in oleic acid, and 40.1% to 6.8%. This result showed the values of fatty acid in F2 generation had more wide continuous variation, compared with parents values.

To obtain some information on the change of antioxidant components of seeds during grain filling stage as affected by the sowing dates, lignan compounds were investigated according to days of flowering under different sowing dates. Sesamin and sesamolin contents showed significantly different by days of flowering and varieties. Both of sesamin and sesamolin content increased after flowering and reached highest at 40 days of flowering, but they started to decrease thereafter. Sesamin and sesamolin contents of sesame seeds changed with sowing dates. Generally, late sowing date of May 30 showed relatively higher accumulation rate of sesamin and sesamolin contents rather than other sowing dates, but overall patterns were a little different by varieties and lignan compounds. In case of variety Yangbaek, sesamin and sesamolin contents showed relatively higher at sowing date of May 30, but variety Yanghuck showed higher sesamin and sesamolin contents till 20 days of flowering when sowing date of May 30, but it showed to change that both lignan contents were relatively higher under sowing date of May 10.

Application of genotype by environment (G~;~times~;E ) interaction would be used for identifying optimum test condition of the varietal adaptation in the establishment of breeding purpose. Yield and yield components were used to perform additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis. Significant difference for G~;~times~;E interaction were observed for all variable examined. For yield, 0.18 of total sum of squares corresponded to G~;~times~;E interaction. Correlation analysis was carried out between genotypic scores of the first interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1) for agronomic characters. Significant correlations were observed between IPCA 1 for yield and capsule bearing stem length (CBSL), number of capsule per plant (NOC). The biplot of grain yield means for IPCA1 which accounted for 34% of the variation in total treatment sums of squares showed different reaction according to G~;~times~;E interaction, genotypes and environments. Taegu showed relatively lower positive IPCA1 scores, and it also showed smaller coefficient variation of yield mean where it is recommendable as a optimal site for the sesame cultivar adaptation and evaluation trial. In case of variables, Yangbaek and M1 showed relatively lower IPCA1 scores, but the score direction showed opposite each other on the graph. Ansan, Miryang1, Miryang4, and Miryang6 seemed to be similar group in view of yield response against IPCA1 scores. These results will be helpful to select experimental site for sesame in Korea to minimize G~;~times~;E interaction for the selection of promising genotype with higher stability.

A new peanut variety “eonan”(Arachis hypogaea ssp. hypogaea L.) was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, in Milyang in 2007. It was developed from the cross between the erect short stem cultivar “P9128” and the high-yielding cultivar “aekwang” “eanan”which is Virginia plant type has 18 branch number per plant with early maturing and long-ellipse shaped large kernel. Each pod has two grains with brown testa and 100 seed weight was 87 g in the regional yield trials (RYT). Especially this variety has resistance to lodging owing to short stem. The free sugar and tannin content of fresh peanut are 3.7% and 0.48%, respectively, similar to check variety. In the regional yield trials “eonan”was outyielded than check variety by 14% with 8.59 MT/ha for fresh pod and by 7% with 3.75 MT/ha for grain.