The emergence of green methods for the synthesis of graphene-based composites became the gateway for the solution of pollution and economic synthetic methods. Herein, we reported a single step in situ synthesis of reduced graphene oxide sheets decorated with silver nanoparticles (CRG–Ag nanocomposite) using custard apple leaf extract as an effective reducing and stabilizing agent. The ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques revealed a primary confirmation about the formation of the said nanocomposite. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the face-centred cubic crystal structure of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of 30 nm in size. The high-resolution scanning electron microscope spectra revealed the uniform distribution of Ag NPs on the graphene sheets. This simple, novel and rapid approach enabled a facile production of homogeneously deposited Ag NPs on graphene sheets. Thus synthesized CRG–Ag nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency of 96% in 2 h under sunlight using methylene blue as a model pollutant.

Wood sawdust from an invasive arboreal species, Parkinsonia aculeata, and seeds from a tropical fruit of massive consumption, Pouteria sapota, were used as precursors for the development of activated carbons (ACs) directed to CO2 adsorption. Chemical activation employing KOH as activating agent and pre-established experimental conditions was applied. Main physicochemical properties of the ACs in relation to their CO2 adsorption performance were examined. The ACs developed from the wood sawdust and the seeds presented specific surfaces areas of 770 and 1000 m2 g−1, respectively, with their porosity development resulting essentially microporous (< 2 nm). They also showed a similar content of acidic surface groups, but basic functionalities of the former duplicated those of the latter. Maximum CO2 adsorbed at equilibrium (273 K and 100 kPa) was 5.0 mmol g−1 and 4.4 mmol g−1 for the samples derived from the sawdust and the seeds, respectively. On the other hand, CO2 adsorption capacities mimicking post-combustion conditions, as evaluated from thermogravimetric assays and breakthrough curves obtained in a packed-bed column, were approximately 1 mmol g−1, indicating a good CO2 adsorption performance for both ACs. Nevertheless, those derived from the wood sawdust with a notorious preeminence of micropores (~ 93%), narrower pore size distribution centered around 1 nm, and a higher content of basic functionalities than the ACs obtained from the seeds showed a relatively better performance. The CO2 removal capacity of the activated carbons was not noticeably affected after five CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles, with both samples almost keeping their initial CO2 adsorption capacity.

Some behaviors of pigs that are not expressed in the wild state or are observed in a small minority of individuals after groups of pigs are mixed have been reported to indicate poor welfare. A GWAS analysis was performed by measuring the frequency and duration of the four ethological traits and using the mlma command provided by the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). The positional candidate genes on significantly identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified by using the dbSNP provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). When the GWAS analysis was applied the 43,565 (of the purebred Landrace population) and 41,700 (of the purebred Yorkshire population) SNP markers, 1, 2, and 1 significant SNP markers were identified for the traits of feeding frequency (LOC110262254), locomotion time (LOC110260361), and locomotion frequency (LOC110260361) of the purebred Landrace population, respectively. Meanwhile, 1 and 7 significant SNP markers were identified for the traits of drinking time (LOC 110260090) and feeding frequency (MAP3K19; LOC110257013; ACMSD; TMEM163; RAB3GAP1) of the purebred Yorkshire population, respectively. The results of this study may suggest that the GWAS analysis of the ethological traits of purebred Landrace and Yorkshire populations could be used to perform a GWAS analysis on non-economic traits, and the results can thus be provided as basic data for GWAS analyses of other non-economic traits in the future.

파키스탄의 포퓰리즘 조직은 몇 가지 유형으로 나눌 수 있다, 그 중에 극단적 포퓰리즘 조직의 예를 들면 발루치스탄(Baluchistan), 신드(Sindh), 길기트(Gilgit) 등 지역의 포퓰리즘조직은 역사적, 정치적 원인으로 테러리즘 성질을 가지고 있다. 이러한 극단적 포퓰리즘 조직들은 파키스탄의 국가 안보 및 발전에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 중-파 양국관계 및 “일대일로”를 중심으로 한 협력에도 영향을 준다. 이 조직들이 어떻게 형성되었는지, 어떤 특징을 갖고 있는지를 연구하고 구체적으로 파키스탄 및 국제사회에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가가 학계의 관심사이다. 본 논문은 문헌연구를 통해 파키스탄의 포퓰리즘조직을 분류하고, 조직구성 및 그들의 테러리즘활동이 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 극단적 포퓰리즘조직들은 파키스탄의 국내정치환경을 악화시키고 본국의 국제화를 지연시킨다. 이와 더불어 파키스탄의 경제성장발전과 국민생활 수준의 향상을 저해시키고 있다. 또한 주변국가간의 외교관계도 악화시키고 있다는 점도 도출하였다.

The study presented in the article is focused on use of graphene obtained by novel microwave-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MECVD) method as a construction material for 3D porous structures—aerogels and sponges. MECVD graphene nanoplatelets-based aerogels were obtained by mixing MECVD graphene nanoplatelets and chitosan, dissolved in 3% acetic acid followed by its freeze drying and carbonization at 800° in inert medium. Surface morphology of aerogels was characterized by SEM. MECVD graphene nanoplatelets-based aerogels are characterized by a porous structure; they are superhydrophobic and possess high sorption capacity with regard to organic liquids of different densities. Polyurethane sponges coated with MECVD graphene can serve as an alternative to aerogels. The process of their obtaining is cheaper and less complicated. They were obtained by facile “dip-coating” method, modifying its surface to increase its hydrophobicity. The resulting sponges are superhydrophobic and superoleophilic, and demonstrate high rate of sorption of organic liquids and can be easily regenerated by squeezing. In addition, they can be used as a separating material in conjunction with vacuum system for continuous and selective collection of organic liquids from the surface of water.

사람이 섭취하는 식품 내의 항생제, 알레르기 유발 물질, 병원균 및 기타 오염물질의 수준을 모니터링하기 위해서는, 빠르고 정확하며 저렴한 비용으로 테스트 해야 한다. 이러한 문제 중 일부를 해결하기 위해 지난 10-15년 동안 진보된 기술(label-free biosensor assays)이 개발되어 왔다. 이 면역감지키트들은 실시간 측정이 가능하고, 높은 수준의 자동화를 제공하며, 향상된 처리율과 민감도를 가지고 있다. 또한, 기존의 방법과 비교하여 가격이 저렴하고, 덜 복잡하며, 분석 시간을 단축시켜주는 사용자 친화 적 키트이다. 이 리뷰에서는 면역감지키트의 장단점, 그리고 미래의 식품안전검사에서의 사용성에 관한 것에 대해 논의해 볼 것이다.

파키스탄과 중국은 전통적 우의와 '전천후 전략 협력 동반자 관계'를 유지하고 있는 나라로 양국은 '일대일로'를 배경으로 한 각종 협력과 교류가 세계 각국의 광범위한 관심을 받고 있다. 특히 2018년 정의운동당 (PTI)이 파키스탄의 제일 큰 당이 되었으며, 뚜렷한 포퓰리즘의 색깔을 가진 임란 칸이 파키스탄 총리로 당선된 후 파키스탄의 내정 외교를 이끌어 중-파 양국의 외교관계와 경제무역협조에 어떤 영향을 줄 것인지 주목된다. 본문은 문헌 연구의 방식을 채택하여 임란 칸이 파키스탄의 총리 당선한 후에 파기스탄의 포퓰리즘의 발전 변화를 분석하고, 임란 칸 정부의 민주주의적 특징을 중점적으로 연구했다.

This study aimed to examine the effect of a mild elevation in serum cholesterol level in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model using a balloon angioplasty catheter or drug-eluting coronary stent. Pigs were divided into two groups and were fed a commercial normal diet (CND, n = 4) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 4) for 5 weeks. Coronary overstretch injury by balloon angioplasty or stent implantation was induced in the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery after 1 week of feeding. Histopathological analysis was performed at 4 weeks after coronary injury. During the experiment, the total cholesterol level in the HFD group increased by approximately 44.9% (from 65.9 ± 3.21 mg/dL at baseline to 95.5 ± 9.94 mg/dL at 5 weeks). The lumen area in the CND group was reduced in comparison with that in the HFD group after balloon angioplasty. After stent implantation, the injury score showed no significant difference. There were significant differences in the neointimal area (2.7 ± 0.33 mm2 in the CND group vs. 3.3 ± 0.34 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), lumen area (2.6 ± 0.54 mm2 in the CND group vs. 2.0 ± 0.33 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), and percent area stenosis (52.0 ± 7.96% in the CND group vs. 62.4 ± 5.15% in the HFD group, p<0.05). Body weight change was not different between the two groups. Increased serum cholesterol level activated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the porcine coronary overstretch model.