In this study, numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the flow characteristics of a turning type flood gate fishway with various design factors. The shapes of the fishway are circular and rectangular type. Baffles are installed to reduce the velocity in the fishway, and the gap and rotational arrangement of the baffles are set as design factors. To reduce the maximum velocity, a cavity-shaped break region is installed to examine the flow characteristics according to the presence of the break region. As a result, in the condition where the shape of the fishway is rectangular, the outlet average flow velocity is larger than that in the circular condition. The highest flow velocity occurs when the baffle is rotated in 90-degree arrangement. As the baffle gap increases, the average velocity increases. The cavity-shaped break region creates a recirculation zone in the fishway, and as a result, shows a decrease in the maximum velocity of up to 5.8%.

Numerical analysis for flow and noise characteristics of sirocco fan design factors is conducted in this study. 4 cases of blade angle(α=24°~30°) and 5 cases of RPM(390~1170RPM) are calculated. Flow characteristics are compared for the number of blades. Outlet flow rate is tended to decrease as the number of blades increased. There is little difference in the flow characteristics for the angle of blade. The highest outlet flow rate is predicted at α=24°, and the lowest at α=28°. Flow and noise characteristics are compared for α=24° and 26°. Outlet flow rate is almost similar in both cases, but noise for α=24° is predicted higher at high RPM conditions.

In this study, numerical analysis is conducted to understand the flow characteristics of the radial impeller with the design parameters such as the blade shape and position using the ANSYS Fluent software. The shape of blade is divided into two types, a backward curved blade and an airfoil forward curved blade. To examine the fundamental flow characteristics near the blades, a rectangular flow field is modeled and analyzed. On the other hand, for the impeller rotation analysis, the simulation is performed by modeling the rotational region separately. As a result, the airfoil forward curved blade shows higher outlet flow rate than the backward curved blade. In addition, as the depth of the impeller and the attachment angle of blade increase, the higher flow rate appears.

Various electronic control parts and devices installed in electric vehicles have greatly improved the convenience of occupants, but electromagnetic waves emitted from electronic devices have greatly increased concerns about malfunctions, deterioration of performance, safety accidents, etc. There are two models of analysis. Case A is symmetrical about one axis of rotation. Case B has two axes of rotation. In this study, a flow analysis was conducted to find excellent flow conditions in the mixing process to develop a paint with excellent electromagnetic shielding and thermal insulation performance. The results of the flow analysis are reflected in manufacturing specifications and are intended to be used to develop high-quality systems.

PartI of this paper identified the location and size of the noise sources from the axial flow fans, and partII based on that, identified the magnitude of sound pressure from the case and the blade according to frequency in the range of 2200 Hz to 5000 Hz. The equation of Lighthill was used for calculation. Generally, when measuring noise, the analytical area was extended more than 1m from the outlet of the fan. To eliminate the effects of backflow coming from the rear of the fan, the analytical area was extended a little longer than 1m. From the results of the analysis, high noise occurs in the low frequency area, and the lower noise becomes in the high frequency area. The maximum sound pressure generated in the range of 2000Hz~5000Hz is 65dB at a distance of 1m and 82dB at the outlet of the fan. Noise of the fan mainly occurred around the blade and guide, and the noise decreased as the frequency increased between 2200Hz and 3400Hz, but the noise increased as the frequency increased between 3800Hz and 5000Hz.

In this study, numerical analysis was carried out to develop low-noise axial fans, which are often used for ventilation in houses. A commercial program and the turbulence models are used for the analysis of internal fan. Proudman acoustic power model and the Curle surface acoustic power model were used for analysis. As a result, the distribution of flow velocity and pressure around the blade and guide of the fan was high, and low in the center of the fan. Noise from the inner wall of the fan case and the blade surface was the highest at the body and vane connections of the blade, and low at the center of the vane and the center of the body.

In this paper, we have studied about the Energy Storage System (ESS) for renewable energy such as wind and solar energy by using Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The BESS, by using Li-Ion battery, takes the advantage of high energy density. The ESS is composed of a large number of the battery. It is necessary to stabilize the temperature of the battery in order to improve the performance of the ESS. To improve the performance of ESS, Using as a program to analysis the container internal flow and heat distribution. The use of the battery to the stable and suggest in the initial battery array design of the heat concentration phenomenon in the battery array

The lay outs in this thesis is based on basic theories and the test the performance of the product by wind tunnel test and vehicle test. Furthermore, in order to find out the effect of structure change on hub which is one of the components of wind turbine, I compared the actual performance between the existing model and the modified model thoroughly. To improve the performance of wind turbine, I modify the structure of the hub and analysing base model and modify model by using Star-CCM+. As a result, I found out the wing-shaped hub used model stablizes the spin in shorter time than existing model. Therefore, with the optimal blade selection, the structure modification on hub is a considerable variable on wind turbine design which is aiming better performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) in assessing Korean patients with low back pain. We performed translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and enrolled 52 patients (18 males and 34 females) with low back pain. The subjects completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire that included the FABQ assessment along with evaluations for the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and Beck depression inventory-Korean version (K-BDI). The reliability of the obtained data was determined by evaluating the internal consistency on the basis of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Cronbach's alpha values, while the validity of the data was examined by correlating the FABQ scores to the VAS, ODI, SAS, and K-BDI scores. The translated versions of the FABQ showed good test-retest reliability: ICC (3, 1)=.90 (FABQ for physical activity) and .97 (FABQ for work) these values were statistically significant (p<.01). The Cronbach's alpha value for FABQ was .90 (p<.01). FABQ moderately correlated with pain, disability, anxiety, and depression (p<.01). The results of this study indicate that the Korean version of the FABQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring fear-avoidance beliefs in Korean patients with low back pain.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs and functional status in individuals suffering from low back pain, and to identify factors that influence on fear-avoidance beliefs, functional status and pain. A cross-sectional study included 214 individuals with low back pain. Each of subjects completed a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) which divided into two subscales, FABQ for physical activity (FABQ-PA) and FABQ for work(FABQ-W), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). Individuals with radiating pain were significantly higher in FABQ-PA, FABQ-total, and ODI scores than with no radiation pain (p<.05). Individuals who had received surgery were significantly higher in FABQ-PA, FABQ-total, ODI and NPRS scores when compared with individuals who had not received it (p<.05). And individuals with taking medication were significantly higher in all variables (FABQ-PA, FABQ-W, FABQ-total ODI and NPRS) than individuals not taking medication (p<.05). In correlation analysis. age appeared to be significantly correlated with FABQ-PA, FABQ-total and ODI scores (p<.05), and all variables was significantly correlated with each other (p<.01). These findings indicate that individuals suffering from low back pain have psychosocial problems such as fear-avoidance beliefs as well as functional status and pain. Fear-avoidance beliefs may contribute to aggravate physical symptoms, and therefore it should be carefully considered for the management of individuals with low back pain.

This study developed the prototype of the system and implemented its main functions, which is the intelligent integrated agricultural water management information system and service (IaWAMISS). The developed system was designed to be able to collect, process and analyze the agricultural water information of spatially dispersed reservoirs in whole country and spatial geographic information distributed in various systems of other organizations. The system, IaWAMISS, is also possible to provide the reproduced information services in each reservoir and space units, such as agricultural water demand and supply analysis and drought prediction, to the people, experts, and policy makers. This study defined the 6 step modules to develop the system, which are to design the components of intelligent integrated information system, to derive the utilization contents of existing systems, to design the new development elements for IaWAMISS, to design the reservoir information system can be used by managers of city and county, to designate the monitoring reservoirs managed by city and county, and finally to prepare the sharing system between organizations with the existing information systems. In order to implement the prototype of the system, this study shows the results for three important functions of the system: spatial integration of reservoirs' information, data link integration between the existing systems, and intelligent analysis program development to assist decision support for agricultural water management. For the spatial integration with the reservoir water information of the Korea Rural Community Corporation, this study get IaWAMISS to receive the real-time reservoir storage information from the measurement facility installed in the municipal management reservoir. The data link integration connecting databases of the existing systems, was implemented by integrating the meteorological information of the Korea Meteorological Administration with IaWAMISS, so that the rainfall forecast data could be derived and used. For the implementation of the intelligent analysis program, this study also showed the results of analysis and prediction of agricultural water demand and supply amount, estimation of Palmer drought index, analysis of flood risk area in typhoon course region, and analysis of the storage status of reservoirs related to each storm. This study confirmed the possibility and efficiency of an useful system development through the prototype design and implementation of IaWAMISS. By solving the preliminary 6 step modules presented in this study, it is possible not only to efficiently manage water by spatial unit, but also to provide the service of information and to enhance the relevant policy and national understanding to the people.

Water management information system used by KRC(Korea Rural Community Corporation) operates widely including RIMS, RAWRIS and etc. Other systems are operated by each government department, for example, K-water(Korea Water Resources Corporation)’s WAMIS. Even though small scale reservoirs managed by city/country is just about 12% of total water resource, the reservoirs are important for controlling and securing water resource as the reservoirs, including about 14,700 reservoirs nationwide, are located at main subwater shed. So, it is necessary for KRC to execute integrated informatization. In this research, system analysis was performed to comprise the integrated water management information system including the reservoirs controlled by city and country at first. And then, improvement plan for informatization of the reservoirs controlled by city and country was proposed. This study proposed the improvement plan for informatization of the reservoirs managed by the city and country, which was systematically proposed through systemic analysis including from reservoir site to the integrated water management information system. The objects includes 1. Reservoir (basin, facilities, water depth-area curve, benefiter area), 2. Field supervision organization for the reservoir 3. Local government administrative organization, 4. Center organization 5. Network for information transfer, 6. integrated water management information system. As the reservoirs controlled by city and country are important considering managing water and facilities, operated by local government with minimum budget due to budget problem, securing sufficient budget is necessary to form an specialized organization controlling facilities and the water management system in terms of drought and flood control.

본 연구에서는 관개효율의 연별 변화와 필요수량을 고려하여 추정된 관개지구 용수 공급량이 현장에서 실제 공급되는 수량을 잘 모의하는지를 평가하였다. 대상지구로 이동저수지 지구를 선정하여, 2001∼2009년 기간에 대한 실측 공급량 자료를 구축하였다. 관개효율, 물꼬 높이, 침투량 등 총 6개의 매개변수에 대해 민감도 분석, 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석 결과, 관개효율이 가장 민감한 매개변수로 나타났다. 관개효율은 가장 민감하게 나타난 점과 연마다 값이 달라지는 특징을 반영하여 연별로 보정하였다. 통계적 지표 산정 결과 월단위에 대한 PBIAS, NSE, 그리고 RSR은 보정기간 동안 각각 2.7%, 0.93, 0.26로, 검정기간 동안 각각 3.9%, 0.89, 0.32로 매우 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 비록 농업용수 공급량은 인위적 요소이나, 적절한 매개변수 값을 사용하여 모의한다면 모의치가 실측치와 유사하게 모의될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 대상지구의 실측 자료가 확보되지 않아 보정되지 않은 매개변수를 사용하는 경우 결과가 매우 안 좋을 수 있을 가능성이 나타났다. 따라서 농업용수 공급량의 모의 시 적절한 매개변수의 선정은 매우 중요할 것으로 사료되며, 특히 관개효율은 연별로 보정하는 것을 제안한다.

본 연구에서는 농업용 소규모 저수지의 붕괴에 따른 침수 지역 모의를 수문·수리 모형을 활용하여 산정하였다. 2014년 8월 21일에 발생한 집중호우로 경상북도 영천의 농업용 소규모 저수지인 괴연저수지가 붕괴하였으며, 그에 따라 저수지 하류부의 농가 및 농경지에 침수에 의한 피해가 발생하였다. 그러나 이러한 소규모 저수지는 유입량·방류량·수위·저수량 등 기본적인 수문학적인 요소를 측정하고 있지 않기 때문에, 무인비행기로 관측한 항공영상(DSM, Digital Surface Model)과 GIS(Geographic Information System)기법을 활용하여 저수지 내용적곡선 및 하류부 하천 형상을 추출하였다. 일반적인 수면아래의 지형고도는 항공영상으로 촬영할 수 없으므로 저수지 붕괴이후에 드러난 지형을 촬영하였으며, 각 지형고도별 격자를 GIS기법으로 계산하였다. 또한 하류부 하천의 지형고도 및 침수흔적도를 활용하여 침수모델링 및 모의결과 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 침수흔적도와 모델링 결과가 약 90% 정도 일치하는 결과를 나타내었으며 침수면적은 약 1.7 ha, 하천을 제외한 범람지역에서는 약 0.5 m 정도(성인 무릎높이)의 침수심이 산정되었다. 본 연구에서는 HEC-HMS 모형의 홍수량 산정시 실측자료를 통한 검·보정이 불가능 하였으므로, 향후 중소규모의 농업용 저수지에서도 활용할 수 있는 실측자료가 존재하고, 이를 적극 활용한다면 더욱 신뢰있는 결과를 도출해 낼 수 있을 것이다.