This study was conducted to establish the techniques of the continuous wheat production of high yield level and to standardize of quality uniformity. It was selected the experimental places which were Iksan of Jeonbuk, Gwangju metropolitan city and Hapcheon of Gyeongnam. Farmers of participating in the experiment were 13 persons with two types of advanced and lower levels of their techniques in wheat cultivation, and total numbers of fields were 22 fields. The common information on the field soils were silt loam and loam in soil textures, all most deep and some moderate in soil depth, imperfectly drained in drainage classes, coastal and interior plain with some alluvial fan or local valley in land topography. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. Soil pH was 6.0 in mean values with 5.2 ~ 7.5 ranges, organic matter(OM) was 25 g/kg with 16 ~ 39 ranges, available P2O5 194mg/kg with 47 ~ 586 ranges, available SiO2 164mg/kg with 57 ~ 454 ranges, in exchangeable cations, K was 0.46 with 0.20 ~ 0.98, Ca was 6.2 with 3.6 ~ 11.7, Mg was 1.8 with 0.9 ~ 3.4 cmol(c)/kg in ranges, and these properties of soils were higher in advanced than those of lower level farmers. The amounts of fertilization in N-P2O5-K2O were 184-49-50 kg/ha in farmers application, 108-114-47 kg/ha in soil testing and 94-83-41kg/ha in standard recommendation. Fertilizer application amounts by farmers were higher than those of soil testing and standard recommendation by 76 ~ 90 kg/ha in N and 3 ~ 9 kg/ha in K2O, and less by 34 ~ 74 kg/ha in phosphate fertilizer.

본 연구는 중국 길림성의 인삼재배기술현황과 토양이화학성 등을 조사분석함으로써 FTA 대응 중국삼과 국제경쟁력을 확 보하고 국내인삼산업발전에 기초정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행 하였다. 1. 지역별 인삼재배 형태는 대부분 임야를 개간하여 재배되 었고 평지 재배는 미미하였다. 이식재배가 직파재배보다 많으 며 밀식재배 하였고 종자는 주로 중국재래종을 구입하여 재배 하였고 자가채종도 40% 이상을 점유하였다. 2. 지역별 해가림 시설은 일정한 설치 방향이 없었고 대부 분 아치형 형태로 설치하였으며 한국과 달리 두둑폭이 180 ~ 200cm 로 광폭재배를 하였고, 차광자재는 흑색차광망+ 청색비닐을 사용하였다. 3. 인삼재배농가의 토양이화학성을 분석한 결과, 길림성 북 부(연변자치주)와 남부지역 모두 토성은 양토 ~미사질양토였 으며 pH는 5.2 ~ 5.5범위로 강산성을 보였고 유기물 함량이 매 우 높은 토양이었다. 4. 특히, 인삼재배토양(표토)의 EC가 0.97 ~ 1.11 dS/m로 높 아 인삼생육기 염류피해가, 치환성양이온 중 Ca함량이 8.4 ~ 12.3 cmol+/kg로 높아 양분불균형 피해가 우려되었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokine-induced osteoclastogenesis on tooth movement related to orthodontic force. We evaluated the cytotoxicity as well as the expression of OPG and RANKL, which influence the homeostasis of bone metabolism. Titanium particles were applied to human periodontal ligament cells and subcultured fourth generation cells. The ALP assay and the MTT assay were used to assess changes in cytotoxicity. After 48 hours, cytotoxicity increased proportionally with the concentration of titanium. With 20 mg, the cytotoxicity was the lowest. R T-PCR was u sed for assessing m R NA l evels of O PG a nd R ANKL; after 96 hours, t he m R NAs of O PG a nd R ANKL increased steeply. A western blot analysis showed that with 20 mg of titanium, the protein expression of OPG increased linearly with time, especially a fter 96 hours, while t he p rotein e xpression o f RANKL d id n ot s how significant changes with titanium processing. Given the increase in OPG expression after the initial cytotoxicity, changes in cytotoxicity with titanium may be attributable to the antagonistic effect of OPG on cytotoxicity

토마토 생육에 있어 보조광원으로 메탈할라이드등, 고압나트륨등, 형광등을 하루 5시간을 처리 하여 토마토 생육 및 생산성에 대한 영향을 확인 해 본 결과 생육은 인공광 처리가 무처리 구 에 비하여 6~10% 증가하는 결과를 얻을수 있었다. 수량 및 생산성 증가에 있어서 인공광 처리가 무처리구보다 1.5~2배 증가 하였으며 수익성 증가는 10a당 1작기에 최소 9,400,000원에서 최대 28,200,000원 증가되었다.

Hydroxyapatite(HA) has been widely used as bone substitutes to rehabilitate bone loss area by new bone formation. But there were some problem of bone formation around HAs due to a little space between HAs embedded in bone loss area. The purpose of this study was to observe morphologically new bone formation around HAs mixed with PLGA block (5.5㎜ in diameter, 4 mm in depth) in Newzealand white rabbit tibia. Before 1 week of sacrification, Alizarin red was injected intraperitoneally into rabbit. At 3 day, 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, 32 weeks, bones with HA as control group(CG)and HA mixed with PLGA block as experimental group (EG)were fixed with 10 % neutral formalin, dehydrated, and embedded with Spurr low viscosity resin. After the specimens were cut by 500 ㎛ with slow diamond wheel saw, these were coated with carbon and examined by REM, LSM and qualifative analysis of calcium and phosphorous deposition were done with EPMA. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Both group showed scattered HA around compact bone under REM and little AZ labelled bone under LSM at 3 days. 2. Both group showed active AZ labelled bone, while EG showed higher Ca(calcium) and P(phosphate) deposition than that of CG at 1 wk. 3. There was decreased AZ labelled bone of both group under LSM. REM of EG showed HA associated with new bone from compact bone, while EPMA features showed similar to Ca and P deposition at 1 wk and EG showed higher than that of CG. 4. REM features of both group showed resorbed HA associated with new bone. There was decreased AZ labelled bone of both group under LSM. EPMA features showed higher Ca and P deposition at 4 wks than that of 2 wks. 5. New bone of both group was well demarcated from compact bone under REM at 10 wks. LSM features showed various AZ labelled bone, but weak AZ labelled than that of CG. 6. LSM features of 14 wks showed discontinuous AZ labelled on osteon formation. EPMA of both group showed increased Ca deposition, while there was higher Ca deposition of EG and similar P deposition to CG. 7. REM featureless of 18 wks in EG showed similar gray color to compact bone. LSM features showed osteon formation with little concentric lamellars. EPMA of both group showed increased Ca deposition, while there was higher Ca and P deposition of EG. 8. New bone was ill demarcated from compact bone and increased otseon formation of REM features at 32 wks. There was little AZ labelled bone. EPMA features showed higher Ca and P deposition of EG than that of compact bone. From the aboving results, there was early active AZ labelled bone of both group within 1-2 weeks and since 18 weeks new bone with active osteon formation was poorly demarcated from compact bone. Calcium deposition of EG was early increased than that of CG deposition since 4 weeks after experiments. It was suggested that EG showed active and rapid new bone formation and similar bone mineralization of compact bone

1. 국내 유통되고 있는 채소류중 소비량이 많고 신선 채소로 이용되고 있는 시금치, 상추, 배추의 평균 질산염함량은 각각 403~~6,935 (평균 3,088), 31~~5,391 (평균 2,412), 310~~6,374 (평균 3,017)mg/kg으로 각 시료에 따라 다양한 분포 특성을 보였다. 2. 근채류와 과채류 중 질산염함량은 엽채류에 비해 상당히 낮았고, 최근 소비량이 다소 증가하고 있는 특수채소류의 평균 질산염함량은 종류에 따라 다양한 분포특성을 보였으며, 조사된 14종의 특수채소 중 청경채와 취나물을 제외한 대부분의 채소류는 평균 3,000mg/kg의 낮은 질산염 분포를 보였다. 3. 신선 채소 중 질산염함량은 지역간에 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 하절기 시료가 동절기에 비해 높은 질산염함량 분포를 보였다. 4. 가공채소 중 단무지와 배추김치, 열무김치 즙액중의 평균 질산염 함량은 각각 평균 346, 1,471, 3,240mg/kg이었고, 국물 중 질산염 함량은 각각 340, 979, 1,383mg/g이었으며, 지역간 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 신선 채소류 중 질산염이 가공과정을 통해 다량 저감되었으며, 가공 채소류의 질산염함량이 신선 채소류의 질산 염함량 보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

During the last few years, considerable progresses have been made in understanding of roles and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (AsA) in plants. The concentrations of ascorbic acid is 2-4 mM in leaf cells, but much higher at the chloroplast. There are three forms of ascorbic acid in the plant mainly ascorbic acid (AsA), monode­hydroascorbic acid (MDHA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). AsA in plant cell performs antioxidants by changing those three forms. And AsA promotes cell division and elongation There was new pathway of ascorbic acid metabolism. It is called pathway of Smirnoff-Wheeler. This report will provide understanding of AsA in plants, and also provide