Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between nutrition intake, meal quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Koreans with metabolic syndrome. The 2,536 subjects, aged 19~64, who participated in 2015 National Nutrition Survey were included in this study. The 24-hour recall method was employed to analyze nutrition intake and dietary quality. Subjects were grouped into either the non-metabolic syndrome group (n=1,938) or the metabolic syndrome group (n=598). Total males and females were divided into 3 groups according to the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level to study its relationship to metabolic syndrome and its components, including odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Results showed the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in the metabolic syndrome group (3.37) than non-metabolic syndrome group (1.57) (p<0.001). In the Index of Nutrition Quality, males in the non-metabolic syndrome group showed higher niacin (p<0.05) than males in metabolic syndrome group. Females in the non-metabolic syndrome group had higher vitamin B1 (p<0.01), vitamin B2 (p<0.001), niacin (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.001), and phosphate (p<0.01). Female in the high hs-CRP group showed high OR in blood glucose component (OR 2.488, 95% CI: 1.269~4.879) and metabolic syndrome risk (OR 2.856, 95% CI: 1.292~6.314). Females in the middle hs-CRP group had high triglycerides component (OR 2.956, 95% CI: 1.920~4.551), compared to the low hs-CRP group. The study showed females with higher hs-CRP had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.

A solar tracker is a device that orients a payloads can be toward the sun. Trackers are used to minimize the angle of incidence between the incoming sunlight and photovoltaic panel. This increases the amount of energy produced from a fixed amount of installed power generating capacity. In standard photovoltaic applications, it is estimated that trackers are used in at least 85% of commercial installations greater than 1MW from 2009 to 2012. This study is concerned about the structure design of a low coast and entry level dual axis solar tracker. This research purpose is to propose and verify a method to achieve higher product quality, lower costs, and far less physical testing. As a result of the new mechanism development, the volume of moving parts and the weight of main parts decreased by 46.8% and 20% respectively

This study is concerned about the optimal design of the main frame in a moper. Mopper is widely used for cleaning in the fields such as airport, subway, train station, large shopping mall, department store, hospital, government buildings, school, industrial building floor, etc. Especially, main frame in mopper are stressed by high, mostly loads. Nevertheless, design of main frame is dependent on experience, and it will cause reliability reduction and cost increase. This research purpose is to propose and verify a method to achieve higher product quality, lower costs, and far less physical testing. In this study, design parameters used for optimization are each thickness of 4 square pipes and 1 plate in the main frame. The result after optimization showed that the weight of main frame reduced to maximum 6.5% when compared with the initial design in main frame.

The object of this study is concerned about the optimal design of the supporting frame in a twist screen. Twist screen is widely used for grading and screening materials in the fields such as coal-selecting, mining-selecting, building materials, electrical power and chemical industry, etc. It is composed of base, supporting frame, vibrator, screen, spring, trough, clamp and etc. Especially, supporting frame in twist screen are stressed by high load, mostly it is shock-type loads. Nevertheless, design of base is dependent on experience, and it will cause reliability reduction and cost increase. The supporting plate is composed by the upper plate, the bracket and etc. This research purpose is to propose and verify a method to achieve higher product quality, lower costs, and far less physical testing. In this study, design parameters used for optimization are the upper plate thickness(8㎜, 10㎜, 12㎜) and the bracket thickness(8㎜, 10㎜, 12㎜) in the supporting frame. The result showed that base weight reduced to maximum 25.8% when compared with the current twist screen.

This study is concerned about the optimal design of the base in a vibrating screen. Vibrating screen is widely used for grading and screening materials in the fields such as coal-selecting, mining-selecting, building materials, electrical power and chemical industry, etc. It is composed of base, frame, vibrator, screen, spring, trough, clamp and etc. Especially, base in vibrating screen are stressed by high, mostly shock-type loads. Nevertheless, design of base is dependent on experience, and it will cause reliability reduction and cost increase. The base is composed by the lower plate, the middle plate and the upper plate. This research purpose is to propose and verify a method to achieve higher product quality, lower costs, and far less physical testing. In this study, design parameters used for optimization are the lower plate thickness(7mm, 9mm, 11mm), the middle plate thickness(4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm) and the upper plate thickness(7mm, 9mm, 11mm) in the base. The result showed that base weight reduced to maximum 19.1% when compared with the current vibrating screen.

Robots in various types carry and assemble parts through repeatedly and accurately moving to stored locations by combining linear motions. And, linear systems are used in orthogonal axes of robots and driven via ball screws, such as 2-axis cartesian coordinate robot in this paper. This paper presents the effect of the linear motion guide that is used in 2nd axis in 2-axis cartesian coordinate robot. Some simulation results show that the linear motion guide influence greatly in robot performance such as the nominal life of linear guide. When use LM guide that have capacity near in 2nd axis, this paper show that the nominal life on LM block of 1st axis increases 37.4% and that the specification of 2nd axis LM guide influences greatly the nominal life of 1st axis LM block.

This paper presents the design for performance improvement of 2-axis cartesian coordinate robot. We cannot obtain the expected design performance unless we select the best-fit linear system for the robot. For this, this paper finds conditions of most suitable to select a LM(Linear Motion) guide and design a 2nd axis arm. By simulation results, the 2nd axis LM guide and the 2nd axis arm structure are confirmed that influence to the deflection of work piece end and the loads on 1 axis LM block. On using LM guide that have capacity near, this paper shows that the maximum load on LM block of 1 axis increases 4.23% and the maximum deflection of work piece end increases 7.95%.

This study is concerned about the robot joint mechanism with the slider joint. Most of robots are sliding using rolling bearing, cam follower or roller follower in the slider joint. Because such structure must impose pre-load so that outer ring of the bearing may have suitable contact force on contact side, when used many long term, life is fallen, and become factor of rising prices because must do precise machining about parts that use. This research proposes method to solve such problem. This research applies method to use sliding bearing instead of rolling bearing and develope mechanism that can operate for this. Also, this research develops structure that can transmit power using gear to reduce cost price. And optimal design for gear and main parts is achieved.

In this paper, optimal design of the second arm in a SCARA robot was studied. The mass and moment of inertia of the second arm of a SCARA robot have great effects on performance indices such as cycle times and torques of the first and second axes. To reduce the mass and moment of inertia, optimal design was carried out by FEM analysis using parameters such as width and height of the arm rib, which was newly adopted to decrease the arm thickness in keeping stiffness. Computer simulation was conducted in X and Y directional paths. As a result of the optimal design, maximum torques of the first and second axes decreased by 10.1% in maximum.

본 연구는 신경망 알고리즘 및 반응표면법을 이용하여 부품의 최적화 설계 치수를 예측하고, 예측된 데이터의 신뢰성을 상호 검증하는 하는 데 있다. 부하가 변할 때, 부품의 치수를 변화시켜 가며 응력 및 변형량의 변화를 해석 데이터로 수집하여 반응표면법 및 신경망학습에 이용하였다. 이를 위해 임의의 조건에서 반응표면법으로 최적화 설계를 수행하고, 동일한 조건에서 신경망 알고리즘의 예측결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 최대 3.0%의 치수 오차를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 검증을 위해 반대로 동일한 하중 및 치수 조건에서 유한요소해석을 통해 응력 및 처짐량을 구해 반응표면법 및 신경망학습의 결과를 비교하였으며, 이때 4.2%의 오차를 보였다. 이는 부품의 사양 변경 시 최적화 설계를 위해 반응표면법 및 신경망을 이용할 수 있으며 신뢰성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 신경망 학습을 통해 보다 효과적으로 최적화 설계가 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

The pine mushroom fruit body have a harvest only from natural pine forest instead of artificial culture like other edible mushrooms until now on. We investigated the interrelationship between pine mushroom colonies and insect/invertebrates fauna, and changes of their seasonal populations. Two famous pine mushroom producing district were selected on Bong-wha and Gan-sung Eup, and were surveyed on the ground and in the soil with/without pine mushroom hyphae per month from June to November, 2005. There was some difference in collected insects and invertebrates between two producing districts. Total number of collected species and individuals were 73 and 22, and 63 individuals with 19 species in Bon-wha and Gan-sung area, respectively. Otherwise, there were many mites and nematodes were living in soil with mushroom hyphae. The population densities of mites were increased to November from June, however, the population of nematodes were fluctuated with low in hot weather and high in cool.

This study proposes the design method for the robot rotation arm which the end effector that is connected in end of the arm keeps parallel motion even though the robot arm rotates. So far, most robot arm rotates together the end effector when the arm rotates. For this, this study proposes the mechanism that the arm is linked to each 4 parallel link so that rotation is possible by 4 pins, and the rotation arm connects 2 joints of diagonal line direction to a link in each 4 joint for rotation, and designs so that can change length of the link. For verification of design, this study targeted that develop the rotation arm for medical examination that use in ophthalmology. It is important that a medical robot offers comport to patient and design compactly so that medical examination and treatment space may can be defined enough. It is designed so that all drive elements may be positioned on interior of the arm and optimization of design for main parts was carried out in this study for this. The robot arm which is developed in this study manufactured to use by medical phoropter arm, and got good result by an experiment. The robot rotation arm which is proposed in this study is judged to contribute very effectively in case use of a medical robot arm for medical examination and treatment, also the robot arm which the end effector that is connected in the end of the arm needs to keep parallel motion. And, the robot arm which is developed in this study made an application as license.

인삼 뿌리에 발생하는 적변현상을 구명하기 위하여 적변삼표피의 형태적 특성, 세균의 밀도 및 무기물 함량의 변화를 조사한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 적변삼의 표피는 건전삼에 비하여 두꺼웠으며, 세포벽이 분해되어 심하게 파괴되어 있었다. 그러나 건전삼의 경우에는 세포가 장방형의 일정한 형태를 유지하고 조직의 파괴도 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 2. 파괴된 적변삼의 표피조직에는 막대모양의 세균이 다수 존재하였으며, 세균밀도는 2.9 106-3.5 107 CFU/g(fresh weight)으로 많은 세균이 분리되었다. 건전삼표피조직에서는 세균이 거의 관찰되지 않았으나, 세균밀도는 4.7 102 -1.2 103 CFU/g(fresh weight)으로 적변삼에 비하여 매우 낮게 나타났다. 3. 인공적으로 분리세균을 접종하여 적변을 유발시킨 표피조직에서도 자연발생 적변삼에서와 동일한 표피조직의 파괴양상을 보였으며, 다수의 세균이 관찰되었다. 4. 적변삼의 표피조직에서는 Al, Si 및 Fe의 함량이 높았으나, 건전삼에서는 K의 함량이 높게 나타나 적변현상의 발생은 표피조직에서 무기물 함량의 변화를 유발하였다

벼의 내염성 검정 방법을 개선하고자 주요 품종을 수경재배하여 염분처리하고 유묘기에 엽의 엽록소 및 유리 proline의 함량을 조사하여 달관조사에 의한 내염성정도와의 관계를 검사하였다. 1. 염해정도는 0.6%의 염분처리에서 약 25일이 경과되어야 품종간 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 2. 염분처리농도별 엽록소의 함량은 처리후 14일에 가야벼와 태백벼에서 모두 처리농도가 높아짐에 따라 점차 감소하였는데 그 감소경향은 0.4% 이상부터 가야벼보다 태백벼에서 크게 나타났다. 3. 0.6%의 염처리에서 염록소의 함량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 가야벼에서는 감소정도가 완만하였는데 태백벼에서는 감소정도가 컸으며 처리 20일 후에는 무처리에 비하여 가야벼는 약 16%, 태백벼에서는 약 67%가 각각 감소되었다. 4. 0.6% 염처리에서는 처리후 10일에 품종별 엽록소함량과 염해정도(1-9)와의 사이에는 유의적인 부의 상관이 인정되었다. 5. 염처리농도에 따라 유리 proline의 함량은 처리 후 14일에 가야벼에서는 염농도가 높아짐에 따라 점차 증가하였고 태백벼에서는 0.6%까지 급증하였다가 0.8%에서는 감소되었는데 특히 0.4%와 0.6%에서는 태백벼가 가야벼보다 월등히 높았다. 6. 0.6%의 염처리에서 시기별 유리 proline의 함량은 가야벼에서는 처리 15일 후부터 증가하였으나 태백벼에서는 처리 5일 후부터 급증하다가 처리 20일 후에는 오히려 감소되었으며 처리 10일 후에는 태백벼가 가야벼에 비하여 6배 이상이나 높았다. 7. 0.6% 염처리 10일 후에 유리 proline의 함량과 염해정도와의 사이에는 유의적인 정의 상관이 있었다. 8. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 벼 유묘기의 염처리에 따른 엽록소 및 유리 proline함량은 품종간 내염성정도를 판정할 수 있는 지표의 하나로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.엽면적지수의 최고점이 조기에 오고 만생종은 늦게 최고점에 달하였다. 최고점의 엽면적지수는 6.4～6.8이었고 측정시기별 엽면적지수합계치는 최근품종이 24.6～28.8범위인데 과거품종은 이보다 훨씬 많았다. 8. 조숙다수성인 조광, 내밀, 그루밀, 새밀의 엽록소함량은 월동후 4월 21일까지 높았고 출수후(5월 12일～26일)의 엽록소함량도 높았으며 과거품종인 영광, 장광, 진광, 원광, 신광은 엽록소함량이 낮았다. 9. 순동화율은 다수성품종일수록, 초성이 좋을수록 높았고 장간인 과거품종은 순동화율이 낮았다. 10. 수당립중은 만생종보다 조생종이 낮으며 입모중 1일당 수분감소율은 평균 1.2%, 영광, 진광, 남광, 원광, 신광은 1.5%이었고 조광, 내밀, 그루밀, 새밀, 올밀, 청계밀, 중국8001는 9～1.1이었다. 11. 과거품종에 비하여 최근품종은 다수품종이 많으며 수량의 증가는 직선적으로 증가되고 조광, 내밀, 그루밀, 새밀이 가장 다수성품종이었다. 수량구성요소를 보면 수원 육성품종은 m2 당수수와 천립중의 증가에 의하여, 밀양육성품종은 m2 당수수의 증가에 의하여 수량이 높아졌으며 앞으로 수원에서는 수당립수, 밀양에서는 수당립수와 천립중의 증가에 주력해야겠다.적용 및 임상실무적 차원에서 간호에 대한 제언을 하지 않았다.유모델변수들은 유입-유출 자료들로부터 평가할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 Gauss-Newton 방법을 이용한 Bard 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 서울 구로구 시흥동 산사태 발생 지역의 산사면에 대하여 개발된 모델을 적용하여 예제 해석을 수행함으로써, 지하수 흐름 모델이 산사태 발생 예측을 위하여 이용할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 또한, 매개변수분석 연구를 통하여, 변수 a값은 작은 변화에 대하여 목적함수값에 큰 변화를 일으키므로