According to literature, Chengdu was built in the ancient Shu period, and Chengdu experienced nearly 3,000 years of history in this region. After the city was founded in the Qin Dynasty, there were never any natural disasters such as floods in Chengdu for more than 2,000 years. Although there were no natural disasters, due to its central location in the southwest of China, wars were frequent. Thus, how to effectively suppress the rebellion in the southwest and how to rebuild the city after the wars became the top attention of the governments of Chengdu in the successive dynasties. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the government followed the Yuan and Ming systems, and the layout and architectural style of the city was similar to the previous dynasties. With the gradual recovery of the economy, Chengdu became a military center in southwest China and a military base was built in the city. Since then, Chengdu has gradually broken the original city style. Therefore, in this study, through archeological and literature sources, we analyzed the spatial structural evolution of Chengdu city in the historical background, focusing on the urban space and major building structures of Chengdu during the Qing Dynasty, which was relatively rich in information.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produced under different temperature conditions. Regarding probiotic properties, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMF743 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMF796 isolated from kimchi showed strong acid and bile salt resistance, adhesion activity onto HT-29 cells, and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on the results of thermal death time and temperature, heat-killed LAB cells (1 mg/mL) were prepared by heating at 70oC (180 min), 80oC (120 min), 100oC (30 min), and 121oC (15 min). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than live cells (p<0.05). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 70oC or 121oC revealed stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and inhibition of nitric oxide production than those at 80oC or 100oC. Furthermore, heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 121oC significantly reduced the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 up to 53.33%, 58.67%, and 83.67%, respectively, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05). These results suggest that heat-killed L. fermentum SMF743 and L. plantarum SMF796 can be used as natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

We investigated physicochemical properties and isotopic compositions of organic matter (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) in the old fish farming (OFF) site after the cessation of aquaculture farming. Based on this approach, our objective is to determine the organic matter origin and their relative contributions preserved at sediments of fish farming. Temporal and spatial distribution of particulate and sinking organic matter (OFF sites: 2.0 to 3.3 mg L-1 for particulate matter concentration, 18.8 to 246.6 g m-2 day-1 for sinking organic matter rate, control sites: 2.0 to 3.5 mg L-1 for particulate matter concentration, 25.5 to 129.4 g m-2 day-1 for sinking organic matter rate) between both sites showed significant difference along seasonal precipitations. In contrast to variations of δ13CTOC and δ15NTN values at water columns, these isotopic compositions (OFF sites: -21.5‰ to - 20.4‰ for δ13CTOC, 6.0‰ to 7.6‰ for δ15NTN, control sites: - 21.6‰ to - 21.0‰ for δ13CTOC, 6.6‰ to 8.0‰ for δ15NTN) investigated at sediments have distinctive isotopic patterns (p<0.05) for seawater-derived nitrogen sources, indicating the increased input of aquaculture-derived sources (e.g., fish fecal). With respect to past fish farming activities, representative sources (e.g., fish fecal and algae) between both sites showed significant difference (p<0.05), confirming predominant contribution (55.9±4.6%) of fish fecal within OFF sites. Thus, our results may determine specific controlling factor for sustainable use of fish farming sites by estimating the discriminative contributions of organic matter between both sites.

본 연구에서는 남자 실업팀 핸드볼 선수들을 대상으로 플라이휠 운동을 적용한 웨이트 트레이 닝 프로그램을 개발하여 상해예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 12주간 복합 플라이휠 운동 프로그램을 적용하여 신체조성, 체력요인, 무산소성파워, 등속성근기능에 미치는 영향 을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 팔굽혀펴기는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 체지방률, 무산소성 파워는 시기별 상호작용에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 제자리멀리뛰기, 제자리높이뛰기, 악력, 배근력, 무산소성평 균파워 그리고 등속성근기능검사는 좌굴근과 우굴근에서 시기별로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 12주 간 플라이휠 운동을 활용한 웨이트 트레이닝 결과는 상해예방과 경기력 향상을 위한 기초자료로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

One of the most demanded competencies of an oral health professional such as an oral pathologist is the ability to make clinical decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the neurological differences between beginners and experts in the clinical decision-making process which consisting of complex, dynamic and sophisticated cognitive processes, and to identify the characteristics of experts based on the brain by comparing EEG activity. This study conducted experimental design with 10 dentists with more than 10 years of clinical experience and 10 students with short clinical experience as beginners as a fourth year student before graduation. The hypothesis-oriented algorithm proposed in HOAC II was used. As a standard, the clinical decision-making stage of the dentist was divided into three stages, and an event was developed and an experiment was designed for measuring EEG for each stage. The cerebral activity distribution patterns of the two groups were measured with EEG, compared and analyzed with pre-processing process using EEGlab. As a result, the difference in the auditory information was not noticeable between the novice and the expert, but the difference between the group of the novice and the expert appeared in the visual data and the radiographic data. In the case of beginners, the activity was higher in the left hemisphere, and in the case of experts, both brains were activated. The results of this study are intended to present objective information based on brain-based analysis of differences that appear in the clinical decision-making process of experts and beginners. It can be used as basic research data to present the brain-based characteristic analysis of dentist experts.

본 연구에서는 유산균에 의한 검은콩의 최적 발효조건을 확립하고 발효된 검은콩의 품질특성을 평가하였다. 가정에서 제조된 배추김치로부터 분리한 Lactobacillus plantarum SU22는 병원성 세균에 대해 강한 항균 활성을 보였고 생체 아민과 발암성 효소인 β-glucuronidase를 생성하지 않았기 때문에 검은콩 발효의 스타터로 선정되었다. 검은콩은 5 kgf/cm2, 150oC로 조절된 팽화기에서 10분 동안 팽화 처리한 것과 처리하지 않은 것으로 각각 10- 30% 혼합액을 만들고 L. plantarum SU22를 1%(v/v) 접종하여 37oC로 48시간 동안 진탕 배양하면서 유산균의 생육 특성을 비교하였다. 유산균의 생균수는 L. plantarum SU22 로 발효된 팽화 검은콩(20%) 배양액에서 9 Log CFU/mL 이상이었다. 20% 팽화 검은콩 배양액을 alcalase로 가수분 해한 후 L. plantarum SU22로 발효하는 것이 최적 조건인 것으로 밝혀졌으며 유산균의 생균수가 10.30 Log CFU/ mL까지 증가하였다. 최적 조건에서 총 폴리페놀 함량(94.02 mg GAE/g)과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능(92.50%)이 비 발효 대조군(87.74 mg GAE/g, 83.14%)에 비해 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 검은콩을 팽화한 후 alcalase 처리와 L. plantarum SU22를 병행하여 발효할 때 바이오제닉 아민이 없는 검은콩 발효액을 효과적으로 제조할 수 있으며, 총 폴리페놀과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 유의적으로 증가시킬 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.