모기류는 흡혈을 통해 원충, 바이러스, 사상충 등 다양한 병원체를 보유하며 말라리아, 일본뇌염, 웨스트나일열, 뎅기열 등을 사람에게 매 개하는 위해성이 있는 위생해충이다. 이번 연구에서는 해외유입 모기류 감시를 위해 경상남도 고성군에 스마트 고공포집기를 설치하여 2022년 부터 2023년까지 모기류들을 모니터링하였다. 조사기간 동안, 총 3속 5종 43개체가 채집되었으며, 이중 삼일열말라리아를 매개하는 벨렌얼룩날 개모기(Anopheles belenrae)를 경남 지역에서 처음으로 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 스마트 고공포집기를 통해 해외에서 유입가능한 모 기류에 대한 실시간 모니터링이 가능함을 확인하였다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to provide societal benefits that demonstrate the effectiveness of remodeling projects, thereby providing a basis for activating and systematically and continuously promoting remodeling projects METHODS : Using the International Roughness Index (IRI) and World Bank's HDM-4, a model for vehicle operating costs was estimated. The change in vehicle operating costs was calculated by inputting the pre- and post-remodeling IRI values into the estimated model. Additionally, the future IRI over the life cycle was derived using the results of a study on the changes in pavement conditions between conventional and remodeling methods. The vehicle operating costs for different maintenance alternatives were compared by inputting them into the estimated model. RESULTS : The improvement in road smoothness after the project resulted in an annual vehicle operating cost benefit of approximately 1.6 billion won, with an estimated benefit per kilometer of approximately 64 million won. Furthermore, a comparison of vehicle operating costs for maintenance alternatives over the life cycle revealed that the remodeling method led to savings of 2.1 billion won compared with conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS : The findings of this study will serve as fundamental data supporting the necessity and justification for remodeling projects, particularly in the current scenario, where the need for maintenance of existing roads exhibits a faster growth trend than the extension of new roads. Additionally, this study could be supplemented by further research focusing on the consideration of pavement conditions in unit cost estimation and additional benefit estimation studies tailored to remodeling projects.

본 연구에서는 강합성라멘교의 벽체 배면 철근 커플러 적용 여부에 따른 두 실험체를 제작하여 하 중가력 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 공법에 적용된 주요 기술에 대한 구조적 안전성 및 적정성을 확인 하였으며, 실험체는 설계 내하력 대비 충분한 안전성을 확보하고 있음이 확인되었다. 또한, 경간장 17.3m, 교폭 3.0m, 높이 3.25m의 실험체에 대한 정적성능실험 및 동특성 측정 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 설계 내하력 대비 충분한 안전성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Geopolymer, also known as alkali aluminum silicate, is used as a substitute for Portland cement, and it is also used as a binder because of its good adhesive properties and heat resistance. Since Davidovits developed Geopolymer matrix composites (GMCs) based on the binder properties of geopolymer, they have been utilized as flame exhaust ducts and aircraft fire protection materials. Geopolymer structures are formed through hydrolysis and dehydration reactions, and their physical properties can be influenced by reaction conditions such as concentration, reaction time, and temperature. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of silica size and aging time on the mechanical properties of composites. Commercial water glass and kaolin were used to synthesize geopolymers, and two types of silica powder were added to increase the silicon content. Using carbon fiber mats, a fiber-reinforced composite material was fabricated using the hand lay-up method. Spectroscopy was used to confirm polymerization, aging effects, and heat treatment, and composite materials were used to measure flexural strength. As a result, it was confirmed that the longer time aging and use of nano-sized silica particles were helpful in improving the mechanical properties of the geopolymer matrix composite.

The ecosystem provides a diverse array of environmental conditions for organisms, and only those that are capable of successfully adapting to these conditions within their habitats can endure, thrive, and proliferate. Further, the environmental conditions within these habitats can significantly affect the bioavailability of chemicals that are introduced therein, thus resulting in varied adverse impacts on the organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of Yuukianura szeptyckii - a species adapted to riparian - to heavy metals following ISO guideline 11276, with the objective of assessing its potential as an indicator species for ecotoxicological evaluations in riparian habitats. The findings revealed that cadmium and copper both had significant toxic effects depending on their concentrations. For cadmium, the LC50 was 280 mg kg-1, EC50 was 66 mg kg-1, and NOEC and LOEC were 25 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. For copper, the LC50 was 911 mg kg-1, EC50 was 151 mg kg-1, and LOEC was 50 mg kg-1. Comparative analysis with previous results for the international standard species Folsomia candida and the domestic standard species Allonychiurus kimi indicated that Y. szeptyckii exhibited even greater sensitivity to toxicity values. The adverse effects on survival and reproduction were closely associated with the influx concentration of heavy metals in their bodies. Altogether, the results suggest that Y. szeptyckii is a sensitive species for ecotoxicological assessments in riparian habitats, thus making it suitable as an indicator species, particularly in riparian ecosystems that are characterized by relatively high humidity conditions.

In ecosystems within limited resources, interspecific competition is inevitable, often leading to the competitive exclusion of inferior species. This study aims to provide foundational information for the conservation and restoration management of Microphysogobio rapidus by evaluating species’ ecological response to biological factors within its habitat. To understand this relationship, we collected food web organisms from site where M. rapidus coexist with Microphysogobio yaluensis, a specie ecologically similar to M. rapidus, and evaluated the trophic levels (TL), isotopic niche space (INS), and the overlap of INS among fishes within the habitat using stable isotope analysis. Our analysis revealed that the M. rapidus exhibited a higher TL than M. yaluensis, with TL of 2.6 and 2.4, respectively. M. yaluensis exhibited a broad INS, significantly influencing the feeding characteristics of most fish. Conversely, M. rapidus showed a narrow INS and asymmetric feeding relationships with other species, in habitats with high competition levels. This feeding characteristics of M. rapidus indicate that the increase in competitors sharing the similar resources lead to a decrease in available resources and, consequently, is expected to result in a decrease in their density.

Yeosu National Industrial Complex is one of Korea’s representative petrochemical industrial complexes where crude oil refining and petrochemical companies are concentrated. According to the results of the 2021 chemical emissions survey, during the process of manufacturing, storage, and transportation at the Yeosu National Industrial Complex, various hazardous chemicals, including hazardous air pollutants, volatile organic compounds and odorous substances are being emitted into the air, affecting the surrounding environment and the health of residents. The Ministry of Environment is applying strengthened standards by designating the Yeosu National Industrial Complex as an air conservation special measure area and establishing odor management areas to manage the air environment. Nevertheless, odor complaints continue to be registered and related complaints increase when turnaround work is carried out. Since air emissions are not counted during periods of turnaround as normal operations are temporarily suspended, it was difficult to establish policies to reduce odor complaints because the source of emissions and emission quantities cannot be ascertained with certainty. In this study, the extensive Yeosu National Industrial Complex was subdivided into 4 areas using a mobile vehicle equipped with PTR-ToF-MS capable of real-time analysis without sample pretreatment being carried out. Measurements were repeated during the day, night, and dawn while moving around the internal boundary of the plant and the boundary of each region where turnaround activities were being carried out. As a result, the recorded measurement for acrylonitrile was the highest at 6340.0 ppb and propyne and propene were measured the most frequently at 128 times each. Based on these results, it will be possible to help reduce emissions through process improvement by efficiently operating air measurement networks and odor surveys that conduct regular measurements throughout the year and providing actual measurement data to the plant. Also, it will help reduce odor complaints and establish systematic air management policies.

The goal of this study was to provide basic data necessary for managing fish in the Seomgang River by confirming diversity of fish species in the Seomgang River and determining the degree of change in fish species through a comparison with earlier related work. Growth rate, obesity level, and temporal and spatial reproductive capacities were analyzed to determine growth characteristics of dominant species. Fish fauna and structure of the fish community were surveyed at three different time points from October of 2020 to August of 2021 at eight sites. In addition, growth characteristics of Zacco platypus from June of 2021 to July of 2022 at four sites were determined. A total of 3,999 individuals, 43 species, and ten families of fish were identified. Among these species, 19 (44.19%) were Korean endemic species and four (9.30%) were endangered species. The dominant species was Z. platypus. Pungtungia herzi was identified as a subdominant species. An analysis of length-weight relationships and condition factor (k) of Z. platypus confirmed a good state of growth. As a result of a frequency analysis of the total length, the life cycle of the Z. platypus population living in the Seomgang River was found to be stable. According to gonadosomatic index (GSI) analysis, the spawning season of Z. platypus was estimated to occur after May, consistent with the literature.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the in-depth experiences of participating in a parent education program at the H Science Institute and understand the meaning and essence of their experiences. Methods: This study employed qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from June 20 to 30, 2023. Participants were a total of 28 people who could provide detailed experiences of participation in the parent education program at the H Science Institute. Focus-group interviews were conducted with 28 participants. Results: The qualitative content analysis revealed six themes: “Exploring the genuine path to become a parent”, “Precious experiences acquired through education that is not easily accessible”, “Discovering the transformed self through education”, “I believe that there had been a change in family relationships”, “Improvements are required in a few contents”, and “I look forward to the program with more extended outreach”. Conclusion: Efforts are required to understand the current status of parent education, verify its empirical effectiveness, and provide parents with awareness of the necessity to observe and control their minds.

As a safety device, a rupture disc are used to control pressure to minimize the explosion risk once the internal pressure of high pressure equipment exceeds a critical level. In this paper, optimization method was developed to secure optimal design of domed Rupture disks. The parameter analysis was performed through design of experiment to parameter of Rupture disk made of AISI 316.The Diameter, Thickness and Hight of Rupture disk were selected as design parameters for design parameter analysis. The results of parameter analysis revealed that the Diameter, thickness and hight were burst pressure-sensitive design parameters. Based on the valid performance factors, a regression equation to predict its performance was deducted and using the equation, an optimal design. And a sample model was fabricated, followed by burst pressure testing, after optimal design and analytical verification. In this research, it is verified that the optimal design method and the credibility of the analysis of this study is deemed very high. Furthermore, utilizing this mechanism would inspect the effect of the design parameter performance and increase the credibility and efficiency of a design.

Gastrodia elata has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating headaches, dizziness, and convulsive illness for centuries. G. elata has traditionally been processed by steaming or blanching to increase the content and quality of its main ingredients. This study aimed to identify changes in physicochemical properties and active ingredients of G. elata depending on the steaming time. Data of this study could be used to develop traditional medicine and health foods. No steaming was used as a control. Steaming time was 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, or 120 min. The drying yield according to the steaming time ranged from 20.2% to 22.9%, with the lowest drying yield at 120 min. As the steaming time increased, gastrodin content increased more than that in fresh G. elata due to inhibition of β-glucosidase enzyme activity, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol condensation, and parishin decomposition. Steamed G. elata did not show higher total polyphenols, total flavonoids, or ABTS radical scavenging activities than fresh G. elata even with an increase of steaming time. The steaming time to improve the quality of G. elata may varied depending on the size of G. elata. Thus, it is important to set the steaming time taking these characteristics into consideration.

손 위생 제품이 다양화됨과 동시에 각 활용 방법에 따 라 그 효능을 평가하는 여러 시험 방법들이 보고되고 있 다. 하지만 평가 방법에 따라 각 제품의 항균 효능은 다 르게 나타나며, 이로 인해 제품의 실제적인 효능을 확인 하는 데에 어려움이 있을 수 있다. 손 위생 제품의 효능 평가방법 비교에 초점을 둔 연구는 매우 제한적이며, 특 히 돼지피부를 이용한 ex vivo에 대한 연구는 극히 드물 다. 이에 본 연구는 손 위생 제품 중 리브온 소독제와 워 시오프 세정제에 대해 각각의 항균 평가 방법을 종합적으 로 비교했고, ex vivo 시험에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 파악하여 연구 단계에서 효율적인 ex vivo 시험의 신뢰성 을 향상시키고자 하였다. in vitro 시험으로써 액체 현탁을 기반으로 하는 time-kill 시험을 진행했고, in vivo 시험은 최소 20명의 참여자를 대상으로 진행되었다. ex vivo 시험 은 규격화된 돼지 피부를 이용하여 in vivo 시험과 동일한 방법으로 진행하면서 소독제의 최적 처리량과 세정제 사 용 시 첨가되는 물의 양을 제안했다. 시험에 사용된 손 소 독제는 in vitro 시험에서 모두 5 log 이상의 세균 감소율 을 보인 반면, ex vivo와 in vivo에서는 훨씬 낮은 살균 활 성을 보였으며, 특히 알코올 함량이 낮은 손 소독제에서 는 1 log 미만의 살균 활성을 나타냈다. 반면에 손 세정 제의 in vitro 시험 결과, 대장균에 대해서는 1 log 이하의 낮은 항균력을 보였으나, ex vivo 와 in vivo 시험 결과에 서는 이보다 높은 항균력을 유사하게 나타냈다. 본 연구 에서는 ex vivo 와 in vivo 시험 방법이 리브온과 워시오 프 타입 제품의 두가지 다른 항균 메커니즘을 반영할 수 있음을 확인했다. 이로 인해 최적의 조건으로 설정된 ex vivo 시험은 빠르고 정확한 항균 평가법이 될 수 있음을 제시한다.

본 연구는 가선집재시스템에서 벌도목을 견인 시작 지점에서 Yarder까지 안전하게 운반할 수 있는 최대 하중인 가선경로상의 허용반송량을 분석하여, 가선집재 작업에 필요한 의사결정을 지원하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 허용반송량의 변화를 예측하는 모델을 구현하고, 가선집재시스템 구동에 주요 인자인 지형조건, Yader의 높이, 가선의 직경, 벌도목의 견인형태 및 작업방식에 대한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 가선 설치계획에 있어 오목한 지형을 선택하는 것이 안전성과 효율성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 Yarder의 높이나 Wire rope의 직경, 벌도목의 견인형태 및 시스템의 작업방법과 같은 시스템을 구성하는 여러 요인에 의해 작업 생산량이 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 가선의 설치경로에 대한 허용반송량 분석의 필요성과 시스템의 다양한 구동 요인에 대한 평가가 가선집재시스템의 국내 현장 적용 및 보급에 필요함을 보여준다.

해양치유 프로그램에 대한 관심은 코로나19 팬데믹 이후 정부와 업계 실무자 모두에서 급속도로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 아직까 지 소비자 관점에서 해양치유 프로그램이나 해양치유 체험에 대한 유용성, 만족도, 편익 등을 이해하고자 시도한 연구는 부족한 실정이 다. 이에 이 논문에서는 후기수용모델을 적용하여 해양치유 프로그램 참여자의 지각된 유용성과 기대일치, 만족, 지속참여의도 간 관계를 구조적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 자료수집은 부산시 해양치유 프로그램 운영 기간인 2022년 9～10월까지 매 주말 사전 훈련된 면접원에 의 한 면접조사 방식으로 실시하였고, 총 203부의 유효 표본을 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과 해양치유 프로그램에 대한 기대일치는 프로그 램 참여자의 만족과 프로그램의 지각된 유용성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 해양치유 프로그램 참여자 만족은 프로그램 지속참여의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 해양치유 프로그램에 대한 지각된 유용성 역시 프로그램 참여자 만족 및 지속 참여의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.