The term ‘lodging’ in agriculture is usually used when the crops fall from their upright position before harvesting. Various factors may be responsible, including inherent weaknesses in the stem, resulting from low lignin content or small root systems.Weather, such as strong winds or rains, will also likely increase lodging. Insect or disease damage can also weaken the plants, and cultural practices, such as fertilization, irrigation, and cultivation techniques, may increase the risk. Most of the research studies on lodging have been undertaken on cereal crops, but this is also an issue with many vegetable crops, and especially those that require mechanized harvesting. In this review, the issue of lodging in solanaceous vegetable crops is discussed, with an emphasis on the key risk factors and potential areas for future research that can identify damage mitigation strategies.

This study was conducted to assess the genetic variability and correlation of phenotypic characteristics in 12 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes including 11 WorldVeg and one commercial variety (Pusa Ruby) in Terai (plain) region of Nepal in 2021–2022. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenotypic traits, including days to 50% flowering, plant vigor and height, fruit number/plant, fruit yield, fruit weight and diameter, fruit firmness and fruit pericarp thickness, and total soluble solids (TSS) content of the fruits, were studied. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits except for plant vigor. The genotype of AVTO1705 resulted the highest fruit yield (2.9 kg/plant) than Pusa Ruby, a commercial check (0.5 kg/plant). The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits and PCV values were maximum for the number of fruits, fruit yield, and fruit weight. High PCV, GCV, and genetic advance (GA) were observed for yield, fruit weight, and plant height, respectively, indicating the additive gene effect. High heritability for fruit yield/plant and plant height inferred the phenotypic selection for their genetic improvement. Fruit yield was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with the fruit number and fruit weight, and direct selection of these traits are reliable for yield improvement in tomato.

The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) maintains the world’s largest public vegetable germplasm collection. The Genebank contains over 65,000 accessions and consists of more than 130 genera and 330 species. It includes around 12,000 accessions of indigenous vegetables. The WorldVeg Korea Office (WKO) has been conducting regional adaptability evaluations in the fields of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), with a focus on major solanaceous vegetable crops such as tomato, chili, and bell pepper. As climate change significantly affects vegetable crop productivity, the development of high-performing cultivars, tolerant to various abiotic and biotic stresses with enriched nutrients inside, is essential to enhance agricultural sustainability and human health. In this regard, the evaluation of growth and horticultural characteristics of pepper and tomato accessions from the WorldVeg will help contribute to the generation of new and improved cultivars, to address global challenges that affect food security, sustainability, and adaptation to climate change. Here, we summarize our activities and the results of the regional adaptability evaluation using the WorldVeg accessions of pepper and tomato germplasms.

There are many different types of cultivation in tomatoes for year-round production. One of them, semi-forcing cultivation is characterized by growing seedlings in winter season. If grafted seedlings are used in winter season that energy cost can be reduced, because they have tolerance to cold stress. This study was conducted to analyze the rootstock performance by measuring the growth, yield, and leaf-macronutrient content of cherry tomatoes grown in semi-forcing hydroponics. Three domestic rootstocks ‘HSF4’, ‘21LM’, ‘21A701’, and a control cultivar ‘B-blocking’ were grafted onto jujube-shaped cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) commercial cultivar ‘Nonari’. The total yield per plant with grafted cherry tomato ‘21A701’ was 3,387g, which was 11%, 22% and 24% higher than the yield with ‘B-blocking’, non-grafted one and ‘HSF4’. The stem diameter of ‘21A701’ was thick with 8.26mm, whereas non-grafted one was thin with 7.23mm at 160 days after transplanting. The flowering position of ‘21LM’ was 34% and 47% higher than the flowering position of ‘B-blocking’ and non-grafted one at 153 days after transplanting. The NO3-N concentration in petiole sap of ‘21LM’ was the highest with 1,746mg·L-1 and non-grafted one and ‘HSF4’ were the lowest with 1,252mg·L-1 and 1,245mg·L-1 at 167 days after transplanting. The results indicated that rootstock/scion combinations in cherry tomatoes can affect the plant growth, yield, and the concentration of different NO3-N in leaves at the late growth stage. Both ‘21A701’ and ‘21LM’ have vigorous root system, which influence the growth and yield increased.

본 연구과제는 아시아지역 AFACI(Asian Food & Agriculture Cooperation Initiative) 회원 13개국을 대상으로 토마토 또는 고추 품종육성 기술을 지원하기 위해 수행 되었다. AFACI 회원국 별 채소 육종 및 종자 생산, 가공, 유통 기술 수준 차이가 크다. 라오스, 미얀마, 캄보디아 등의 회원국에서는 자가 종자 생산이 어려워 필 요 종자의 70~80%를 다른 나라에서 수입하여 활용하고 있다. AFACI 회원국들의 자가 종자 생산기술 향상을 통한 자체 종자 생산을 지원하기 위해 회원국들의 요 청을 받아 고추 또는 토마토 작목의 품종육성 기술지원을 수행하였다. 회원국에서 보유하고 있는 다양한 재래종 자원들의 수집, 평가 및 선발과 세계채소센터에서 육성한 자원들을 공급받아 육종 재료로 활용하였다. 본 과제는 2019년 11월부터 2022년 10월까지 1단계 과정을 통해 회원국별로 다양한 성과들을 창출하고 있다. 효율적인 기술지원을 위해 세계채소센터 전문가들을 활용하여 육종 기술과 재료 들을 공급하였다. 2단계에서는 1단계에서 확보된 다양한 자원들을 활용한 우수 고 정종 품종 등록과 일대잡종 품종육성 기술을 지원할 계획이다. 육성된 품종들은 국가별 품종 등록 절차에 따라 품종보호출원 및 농가 보급을 추진할 계획이다. 1 단계에서는 코로나 19로 인한 대면 교육이 불가능하여 국내 종자회사들과의 소통 이 어려웠다. 하지만 2단계에서는 대면 교육 기회를 확대하고, 국내 채소 종자 업 체와 회원국의 연구원들 간의 소통을 확대하여 국내 종자 기업들의 해외 진출에 도 기여 할 수 있도록 노력할 계획이다.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most popular horticultural crops cultivated globally. Since the 1950s, the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Rural Development Administration (RDA) has been conducting research on developing Korean tomato cultivars. Recently, the objectives of breeding have been diversified according to the rapidly changing market trends. To meet such demands, various cultivars with distinct characteristics have been made: rootstock tomato, ornamental tomato, sweet cherry tomato, and virus resistant tomato. In 2022, a total of 20 cultivars were registered for variety protection in the Korea Seed and Variety Service (KSVS) and two cultivars with high temperature tolerance have been under field trials for application. In this paper, the breeding history and major characteristics of eight representative tomato cultivars are discussed. Since each tomato has its own valuable feature, they are expected to be used in diverse places from garden to farm.

‘파워가드’는 ‘6TS72S’ב07-9-47’ 교배조합에서 계통 분리 하여 선발하였다. 2007년 풋마름병 저항성 대목 품종인 ‘B 바리아(다끼이)’와 ‘B블로킹(다끼이)’ 간 교배를 실시하여 F1 조합을 작성하였고, 여기에 시듦병 저항성 유전자를 집적하기 위해 저항성 자원인 ‘07-9-47’과 다시 교배하였다. 매년 2세대씩 풋마름병 인공 접종을 실시하여 저항성 개체를 선발하였으며, 시듦병 저항성은 분자표지를 이용하여 확인하였다. 후대검 정으로 우수계통을 선발하고 2009년과 2010년 1년 2세대 진전으로 형질을 고정하였다. 2011년 풋마름병과 시듦병 등에 저항성을 보이며 균일성과 안정성이 확보된 F6세대의 고정계통을 최종적으로 육성하였고 이를 ‘파워가드’라고 명명하였다. ‘파워가드’는 풋마름병 뿐만 아니라 시듦병(I3), 고구마 뿌리혹 선충(Rex), 토마토 모자이크 바이러스(ToMV), 줄기 마름병 (Asc1), TYLCV(Ty3)에 복합내병성을 가지고 있다. ‘파워가드’의 생장형은 무한형이며 과형은 원형이며 평균과중 40 g 정도, 당도는 4.2 oBrix 정도이다.

‘티와이썬’은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 육성한 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 저항성 품종이다. 모계로는 TYLCV에 저항성으로 알려진 자원 ‘08-9-59’를 도입, 세대진전하여 사용하였으며 부계로 사용한 ‘원예9002호’는 1997년 ‘트러스트’ x ‘모모타로 요쿠’ 교배조합에서 계통 분리하여 2002년까지 내병성 검정 및 계통 선발을 통해 육성하였다. 2010년 두 계통을 이용한 교배조합을 작성하였으며 2011년 내병성 분자마커 검정, 2012년 대만 AVRDC에서 담배가루이를 이용한 TYLCV 저항성 유묘검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 TYLCV에 저항성이며 반신 위조병(Ve), 시듦병(I2, I3), 고구마뿌리혹선충(Rex), 세균성반점 병(Pto), 줄기마름병(Asc1), 토마토모자이크바이러스(ToMV)에 복합내병성으로 인정되어 ‘티와이썬’이라고 명명하였다. ‘티와 이썬’은 무한생장형에 과형은 원형이며 평균과중 240g 정도, 당도는 4.2°Brix 정도이다.