예이츠의 춤 이미지는 ｢장미 연금술｣(Rosa Alchemica)에 등장한 화자의 다이몬과의 춤 이미지를 이해하면 보다 더 정확하게 이해할 수 있다. 예이츠의 춤은 1) 환상을 불러일으키는 상징, 2) 꿈을 꾸기, 3) 대립적인 마스크의 발견 4) 자신의 마스크를 착용하고 다이몬과 불멸의 춤을 추기, 5) 꿈에서 깨어나 현실로 되돌아오기와 같은 순환적 과정을 겪는다. 이러한 순환에서 무용수는 춤과 춤사위, 육체와 정신, 자아와 영혼을 하나로 통합하고, 탐욕, 성냄, 어리석음을 완전히 소멸시켜 불교의 열반의 과정과 같은 의식에 도달함으로써 마침내 ‘존재의 통합’을 이룩한다. 그래서 춤 이미지는 ‘존재의 통합’에 이르는 다양한 방법 중의 한 가지 과정이며, 이 과정이 바로 메루산의 산정에 도달하는 길과 유사하다.

Within last 10 years, internet has become a daily activity, and humankind had to face the Data Deluge, a dramatic increase of digital data (Economist 2012). Due to exponential increase in amount of digital data, large scale data has become a big issue and hence the term 'big data' appeared. There is no official agreement in quantitative and detailed definition of the 'big data', but the meaning is expanding to its value and efficacy. Big data not only has the standardized personal information (internal) like customer information, but also has complex data of external, atypical, social, and real time data. Big data's technology has the concept that covers wide range technology, including 'data achievement, save/manage, analysis, and application'. To define the connected technology of 'big data', there are Big Table, Cassandra, Hadoop, MapReduce, Hbase, and NoSQL, and for the sub-techniques, Text Mining, Opinion Mining, Social Network Analysis, Cluster Analysis are gaining attention. The three features that 'bid data' needs to have is about creating large amounts of individual elements (high-resolution) to variety of high-frequency data. Big data has three defining features of volume, variety, and velocity, which is called the '3V'. There is increase in complexity as the 4th feature, and as all 4features are satisfied, it becomes more suitable to a 'big data'. In this study, we have looked at various reasons why companies need to impose 'big data', ways of application, and advanced cases of domestic and foreign applications. To correspond effectively to 'big data' revolution, paradigm shift in areas of data production, distribution, and consumption is needed, and insight of unfolding and preparing future business by considering the unpredictable market of technology, industry environment, and flow of social demand is desperately needed.

예이츠가 ｢1916년 부활절｣(“Easter 1916”)에 묘사한 부활절 민중봉기와 김남주가 오월시에 제시한 5·18민중항쟁은 국가의 독립에 대한 열망과 민주화에 대한 민중의 꿈이 외세의 압력에 굴복하지 않고 밖으로 분출된 진정한 민중의 항쟁이다. 부활절 민중봉기와 5·18민중항쟁은 서로 다른 문화와 정체성을 가진 민중이 자신들의 희망과 삶의 터전을 지키고 미래의 세대에게 자신들의 삶의 애환을 상속시키지 않고 종지부를 찍기 위하여 형제애의 정신으로 자신의 소중한 목숨을 희생하는 숭고한 영웅적 행위를 하여 결과적으로 국가의 독립을 성취하고 진정한 민주주의를 구현한 역사적인 사건이다. 이러한 민중은 바로 예이츠의 ‘존재의 통합’을 구현한 사람들이며, 참다운 ‘귀족’이다.

예이츠의 후기 작품은 󰡔비전󰡕에 제시된 가이어의 원리측면에서 볼 때 보다 더 정확하게 이해될 수 있다. 가이어는 4가지 능력들인 ‘의지’, ‘마스크’, ‘창조적 정신’, ‘운명체’로 구성되어 대립과 갈등을 일으키면서 1상에서부터 28상까지 순환을 한다. 이러한 순환에서 의식은 2번의 통합을 성취하는데, ‘대립적’ 상에서는 ‘존재의 통합’을, ‘기본적’상에서는 ‘신과의 통합’과 ‘자연과 통합’을 성취한다. 예이츠의 ‘존재의 통합’은 ‘대립적’ 상에서 비극적 삶을 있는 그대로 수용할 때에 비극적 환희에 도달하는 지혜를 얻어 그 결과로 성취된다.

The purpose of this study is, by recognizing that recently, as crimes using information and various adverse-effect phenomena such as hacking and virus occur frequently with rapid development of information network such as Internet in every field of industry, the range of security is widening to the field of industrial areas for preventing the leaking of industrial technology and protecting that technology as well as information security only limited to IT area, and by establishing common concept about industrial security through education on the industrial security at the point of increasing importance of industrial security, to prepare the base of comprehensive risk management system for protecting company's assets (physical factor, technical factor and managerial factor) safely from the random threats or attacks inside and outside the company through assessment of important assets of the company, evaluation of threats and weak points, and risk assessment by building industrial security management system in order to protect company's information assets and resources which are connected to the existence of the company safely from the threats or attacks from inside or outside the company and to spread stable business activities.

Characteristics of age and growth of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis sampled in the Jeonnam Marine Ranching Area (JMRA) around Geumo Islands south of Yeosu were investigated using 642 otoliths from March 2009 to February 2010. The opaque zone was formed in September once a year and hence it was used as an annulus. The parturient period was December to January, and therefore the duration from fertilization to the complete formation of the opaque zone was nineteen months. From the parameters calculated using the average length when the year ring was formed, growth of S. inermis were expressed by von Bertalanffy growth equation as Lt=23.267 (1-e-0.4406(t+1.1971)) for females and Lt=22.030 (1-e-0.5312(t+0.6834)) for males when is total length in age t. Through the growth equations, the maximum length was determined as 23.27cm for females and 22.03cm for males and the growth factor as 0.4406/yr and 0.5312/yr, respectively. Finally, the growth of female S. inermis is larger than the one of male S. inermis.

1997년부터 2008년까지 12년 동안 가로림연안 수질환경의 특성과 장기변동 경향을 조사하였다. 3개 조사정점에서 수층(표층, 저층)별 및 계절별로 년 4회 수온, 염분, 부유물질, 화학적산소요구량, 용존산소, 영양염류, 클로로필 a에 대해 조사한 결과, 표층수와 저층수 간에 수온을 제외한 진조사항목에서 표 저층간의 차이가 없었다. 공간적 분포특성은 모든 조사항목에서 정점간 유의적인 차이가 없어 가로림만 중간부터 외측으로 원활한 해수교환이 이루어지고 있었다. 계절별로는 수소이온농도와 암모니아질소을 제외한 조사 항목에서는 유의성이 입증되었고, 정점별로 대체로 비슷한 변화폭을 나타내었다. 12년 동안 수질의 장기 변동은 네 그룹으로 구분되어 항목에 따라 부분적으로 차이가 있으나 전반적 장기 변동을 조사한 결과 근래에 들어 염분은 높아진 반면, 용존무기질소, 질산질소 및 화학적산소요구량 등이 감소하고 있어 담수의 유입이 거의 없는 대체로 양호한 수질상태를 유지하고 있으며 수산학적으로 매우 중요한 연안으로 앞으로 지속적인 보전이 요구된다.

This paper is an attempt to discuss Yeats's Four Faculties and symbolic approach in A Vision. He tried to search for how to make many symbols and images drawn in his poetry into one principle and theory and put it together in A Vision. He used Four Principles to explain the cycle of reincarnation while he made use of Four Faculties to show the stream of consciousness. He insists that we have many spiritual conflicts and pains. However we can solve this conflict and confrontation through the course of Four Faculties. He elaborately explains that this kind of stream of consciousness divides in Four Faculties and this travels on the phases of the moon in A Vision. These Four Faculties are Will, Mask, Creative Mind, and Body of Fate. Will is understood that what's the feeling has not become desire because there is no object to desire. Mask is understood the image of what we wish to become. Creative Mind meant intellect. And Body of fate is understood the physical and mental environment, the changing human body, and the stream of phenomena as this affects a particular individual, all that is forced upon us from without. Four Faculties movement means that the change of relative force in each pair of psychical function unites with the principle symbol of the 28 phases of moon. In a sense though this symbol is actually his own volition, this also has a beauty and mighty force. Transformation of the 28 phases of moon relates to cross over from the Primary to the Antithetical. Phase 15 and phase 1 emblematized the unity of Will and Creative Mind not moving and fixing. In phase 15, the feeling of introversion easily changes into the thought of introversion through material that is subjective image, or archetypical image. However in phase 1, the intuition of extroversion changes into the sensation of extroversion through the focus from without. These two phases make reconciliation rather than conflict. In conclusion, through the unity of subjective image, Unity with God, Unity with Nature, we experience the moment of tranquility in which reincarnation presents itself outside of cycle of phases. The synthesis from without opposed to the unity of image in the center of the Antithetical. Therefore Yeats shows the method of Unity with Nature, Unity with God, and Unity of Being in A Vision. However he insists the ideas of Unity of Being in his poems.

This paper discusses Yeats’s ideas on the transmigration of Souls in A Vision and his poems. Yeats creates the six levels of a human's reincarnation. He insists that Consciousness corresponds with one another in this life and the afterlife in A Vision. He thinks that Consciousness moves toward Will and goes in cycle in Faculties at the moment. However, Consciousness submerges Spirit in Principles and after Spirit unifies Celestial Body it becomes extinct. When Principles dominate the system in the afterlife, Spirit circulates in the system. Faculties have an effect on from birth to death in human, but although submerging in Faculties at the period, Principles have a tremendous impact on getting a new physical body in the afterlife. If a human passes away his body, Consciousness transfers from Faculties to Principles, also from Will to Spirit. And then it arrives at The Vision of Blood Kindred and Meditation. The Vision of Blood Kindred is the illusions of every past experience in Husk and Fascinate Body, resulted in final body. And Meditation is to disappear Husk and Fascinate Body and to appear Spirit and Celestial Body. After that, the stream of soul continuously changes into Return, Dreaming Back, Phantasmagoria, Shiftings, Beatitude, Purification, Foreknowledge step by step. Yeats described them as a cyclical course of afterlife in “Byzantium” and “The Man and the Echo.” In conclusion, a human is reborn in the afterlife through transferring from Principles to Faculties, also from Spirit to Will. The practical transition from Principles Gyre to Faculties Gyre takes place when Consciousness travels from Spirit to a new Husk. So a human passes away from this world and through the six courses of reincarnation in the afterlife. He is reborn in another world.

A visible-light photoactive photocatalyst was synthesized successfully by means of cogrinding of anatase- in ambient, followed by heat-treatment at in air environment. In general, it is well known that the grinding-operation induces phase transformation of a- to rutile . This study investigates the influence of the amount of gas on the phase transformation rate of a- and enhancement of visible-light photocatalytic activity, and also examines the relation between the photocatalytic activity and the period of grinding time. The phase transformation rate of a- to rutile is retarded with the amount of NH3 injected. And the visible-light photocatalytic activity of samples, was more closely related to the period of grinding time than amount injected, which means that the doping amount of nitrogen into more effective to mechanical energy than amount injected. XRD, XPS, FT-IR, UV-vis, Specific surface area (SSA), NOx decomposition techniques are employed to verify above results more clearly.

본 연구는 비디오영상에 의한 간접설문조사방식을 통하여 도시부 간선도로의 운전자들이 주행 시 느끼는 인식서비스수준과 도로용량편람(KHCM)에 의해 산정된 실제서비스수준간의 차이를 확인하고, 운전자가 인식하는 서비스수준에 영향을 미치는 주요요인을 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구의 주요 연구결과를 요약하면, 첫째, 실제서비스수준과 인식서비스수준간의 인식률 차이를 검증한 결과, 신호교차로구간의 경우 40.8%, Mid-block구간의 경우 59.2%가 두 서비스수준을 동일하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 서비스수준간의 동질성 검정(F통계검정, t통계검정)결과에서도 두 서비스수준 간의 차이가 뚜렷이 나타났다. 둘째, 신호교차로구간에서 인식서비스수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 교통류(26.4%), 신호운영(23.1%), 기하구조(18.1%), 이용행태(15.9%) 도로경관(10.0%), 유지관리(4.4%), 교통정보(2.2%) 요인을 순서대로 고려하여 결정하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이중 교통류 등 상위 3개 요인이 정량적 요인으로 67%를, 이용행태, 도로경관요인과 같은 정성적 요인이 26%를 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Mid-block구간에서 인식서비스수준에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 기하구조(25.3%), 경관(20.0%), 신호운영(19.2%), 교통류(15.3%), 이용행태(9.7%), 유지관리(6.4%) 교통정보(4.2%)순으로 분석되었으며, 특히 이중에서 정성적 요인에 해당하는 도로경관이 신호교차로구간 10.6%보다 높은 20.0%로 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 서비스수준 산정을 위한 분석 시에는 운전자가 실질적으로 인식하는 정성적인 요인 (이용행태, 도로경관 등)을 고려하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

현재 도시부 도로에 대한 서비스 수준 평가는 통행속도, 지체 등과 같은 정량적인 부분만을 고려하였다. 하지만 도시부 도로를 이용하는 운전자들은 정량적인 부분이외에도 도로의 청결, 타운전자의 법규위반 등의 정성적인 측면에서도 영향을 받고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 정량적인 부분과 정성적인 부분을 함께 고려하여 평가지표를 도출하고, 서비스 측면의 개선사항 도출시 주로 경영분야에서 사용되고 있는 Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) 기법을 변형하여 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 변형된 IPA 분석기법은 분석대상 및 항목간 상대적 수준을 반영하여 서비스 수준이 평가될 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 사례분석 지역으로 서울시 강남 3개구, 강북 3개구를 선정하여 도시부 도로의 서비스 질 평가가 수행되었으며, 변형된 IPA 평가를 토대로 도로 서비스 질 향상을 위한 지역별 개선항목을 도출하였다.

This paper is an attempt to discuss Yeats’s ultimate reality. Yeats’s Unity of Being can be said to be similar to the system of Upanishad’s AUM because AUM is the combination of Brahman and Atman. Upanishad’s ascetic realized that Atman, reaching to a state of Turiya, can be Brahman. Subject and object, Atman and Brahman, dancer and dance, and the Four Principles and the Four Faculties also become one in Turiya. As we would identify Atman with our self, Brahman is our self-consciousness. Moreover, if we would identify Atman with our body, Brahman become a cosmos that reveals itself. Yeats understood the Self, the ultimate reality, through Upanishad. His macrocosm was made up of Husk, Passionate Body, Spirit, and Celestial Body and his microcosm was made of Will, Mask, Creative mind, and Body of Fate. In A Vision, the Four Principles, which consists of Husk, Passionate Body, Spirit, and Celestial Body affected individually and complementarily the Four Faculties which consists of Will, Mask, Creative mind, and Body of Fate. Spirit and Celestial Body are mind and its object, while Husk and Passionate Body are sense and the object of sense. Will and Mask are will and its object, while Creative Mind and Body of Fate are thought and its object. The whole system is based upon the belief that the Self falls in human consciousness. Robartes, from self-contained energy of contemplation, encompassed cyclic system in “The Double Vision of Michael Robartes”. He strayed away from the physical world, found his way into the supernatural world, and returned to the physical world again. Robartes's first vision is the state of total objectivity in which no human life exists. It is identical with U of Upanishad and Mask of the Four Faculties. And his second vision is, then, the state of total subjectivity, Sushupti, which unifies subject and thought, object and idea. It is the same as M of Upanishad and Creative Mind of the Four Faculties. However, he momentarily reaches eternity, Turiya, through the multiple contemplation. It is AUM of Upanishad and Body of Fate of the Four Faculties. In Turiya, Brahman and Atman, Buddha and Sphinx, dancer and Helen are integrated into one and accomplish the ultimate reality as a phaseless sphere. In conclusion, Yeats showed Unity of Being in “The Double Vision of Michael Robartes”. His Unity of Being is a kind of Turiya of Upanishad. He attains the Ultimate Reality completely, in which subject and object, macrocosm and microcosm, Brahman and Atman, the Four Principles and the Four Faculties are unified in the space without the time. He achieves the ultimate reality as an eternal instant. This ultimate reality is Yeats’s Unity of Being.