The anti-obesity activity of the Cucubita moschata Duch. extracts was investigated. The inhibitory effect on triglyceride accumulation was shown in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The lipid accumulation of the ethanol extract in 5 mg/mL concentration was shown to be 75.4%, where as that of water extract was shown to be 85.2%. The survival rate of the cell in the viability test was shown to be 86.5% in the 0.5-5 mg/mL concentration. Total polyphenol content was highest in the water extract(46.54 ± 0.02 mg). These results suggest that Cucubita moschata Duch. extracts have a potential as anti-obesity material by reducing the lipid accumulation.

19세기 후반기에 작곡된 차이코프스키의 환상서곡 《로미오와 줄리엣》과 《햄릿》에 대한 기존의 논의들은, ‘환상서곡’이라는 고유의 장르명에도 불구하고, 이 곡들이 갖는 표제 적 특성에 주목함으로써, 신독일악파의 교향시로 바라보는 경향이 있었다. 그러나 위의 곡들은 고전주의 형식 원리에서 완전히 탈피하여 “교향악적 음악의 새로운 이상을 추구”하는 동시에, “내용이 형식을 결정”하는 교향시의 의도와 구별된다. 왜냐하면 두 곡의 환상서곡 모두 서주부와 코다 사이에 제시부, 발전부, 재현부(혹은 제시부와 재현부) 가 포함된 소나타악장 형식에 기초하고 있어, 서로 다른 표제에도 불구하고, 전체적인 형식 적 틀이 서로 매우 유사하기 때문이다. 이 곡들의 악곡구성, 특히 표제의 음악적 구현을 위해 주제변형, 에피소드의 삽입, 종결 지향적 구성 등과 함께 소나타악장 형식의 변형을 보이는 것은 전통적인 표제적 연주회용 서 곡, 그 중에서도 ‘극적 특성’을 갖는 서곡들의 전통 안에서 이해될 수 있다. 이는 연주회용 서 곡이 교향시의 등장과 함께 쇠퇴한 것이 아니라 여전히 창작되었고, 교향시와 뚜렷이 구별되 어 장르 자체의 독자성을 유지한 채 19세기 표제적 연주회용 서곡의 전통을 계속해서 이어가 고 있었음을 보여준다.

본 연구에서는 참가시나무 추출물의 항산화 활성, tyrosinase 및 elastase 저해 활성, 그리고 추출물들의 성분을 확인하였다. 참가시나무는 50 % ethanol을 이용해 추출하였으며, 이 추출물을 이용해 ethyl acetate 분획, aglycone 분획을 만들어 실험에 사용하였다. 참가시나무 추출물의 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) 소거활성(FSC50)은 aglycone 분획(8.25 μg/mL)에서 가장 큰 활성을 나타내었다. Luminol 발광법을 이용한 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2 계에서 생성된 활성산소종에 대한 aglycone 분획의 소거활성(총 항산화능, OSC50)은 0.039 μg/mL로 매우 큰 활성을 나타내었다. 참가시나무 추출물의 rose-bengal로 증감된 1O2에 의한 적혈구 파괴에 대한 세포보호 효과는 모든 분획에서 농도 의존적(1 ∼ 25 μg/mL)으로 증가하였으며, 특히 aglycone 분획은 10 μg/mL 농도에서 τ50이 259.9 min으로 높은 세포 보호 활성을 나타내었다. 참가시나무 추출물중 aglycone 분획의 tyrosinase 저해활성(IC50)과 elastase 저해활성(IC50)은 각각 21.82 μg/mL 및 41.18 μg/mL 큰 활성을 보여주었다. TLC와 HPLC를 이용한 성분분석 결과 quercetin, keampferol, catechin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside 등이 존재함을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 참가시나무 추출물은 활성산소종을 소거하는 항산화제로 이용가능하며, 특히 aglycone 분획의 현저한 항산화 작용 및 큰 tyrosinase 및 elastase 저해 효과로부터 이들 분획 또한 화장품원료로서 응용 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있었다.

꾸지뽕잎의 물 및 70% 에탄올 추출물에 대한 세포의 독성 및 지방생성에 미치는 영향과 DNJ 함량과 rutin 함량을 측정하였다. Cell viability test에서 꾸지뽕잎 추출물 0.5-5 mg/mL의 농도일 때 물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 세포의 생장에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나 세포에 대한 독성이 없다고 판단되었다. 동일한 농도로 3T3-L1 지방세포의 지방축적에 미치는 영향은 물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 농도 의존적으로 지방축적

참나무 겨우살이의 생리활성을 알아보기 위해 전자공여 작용, SOD 유사활성, 총 폴리페놀 함량, Tyrosinase 저해효과 및 아질산염 소거작용을 측정하였다. 전자공여능은 추출용매의 비율에 따라 농도가 높아짐에 따라 전자공여능도 증가하였고, 특히 60% EtOH을 추출용매로 하여 25 mL/g의 비율로 추출한 실험구가 68.88%로 가장 높은 항산화력을 나타냈다(p50 mL/g>100 mL/g으로 농도가 높을수록 페놀함량도 유의적으로 높아졌고,

This study presented seasonal changes of the phytoplankton community in Junam reservoir by pollution and water quality of the lake. The water storage of the reservoir is 5.3 million ton, most of which are being utilized for agricultural, industrial and residential purposes. The annual precipitation during the investigation period was 1,868.9 ㎜, increasing by 20% from the average annual level of 1,506.7 ㎜ in 2009. The annual average water storage was 57.3%. It decreased during agricultural season and then increased again after monsoon rainfall. The loads of BOD were 3,799 ㎏day -1 , and 81% of them came from livestock and household. The TN and TP loads were 1,164 ㎏day -1 and 170 ㎏day -1 , respectively, and 76% of them came from livestock. We assessed water quality of the Junam reservoir using 17 variables. According to the result, the reservoir met the fourth grade, meaning slightly bad, because of high concentration of COD, SS and chlorophyll-a. Eutrophication assessment was conducted by revised Carlson's Index (TSIm, Aizaki), and it was found that the entire lake was eutrophicated with high chlorophyll-a concentration all through the year, except during February to April and in July. A total of 76 phytoplankton species were identified from the samples. Among them, the largest number of species were Chlorophyceae with 33 species(43.4%), followed by Bacilliophyceae with 27 species(35.5%), Cyanophyceae with 8 species(10.5%), and Cryptophyceae with species(10.5%). The total cell number of phytoplankton was the highest in October(7,884 cells mL -1 ) among Cyanophyceae and Bacilliophyceae. The seasonal succession of Chlorophyceae (Chlamydomonas spp.), Cyanophyceae(Microcystis aeruginosa) and Cryptophyceae(Rhodomonas spp.) was observed during January to May, July to September and October to December respectively.

This study was carried out to elucidate the relation between water quality and structure of the aquatic ecosystem in the agriculture reservoir Otae-ji from January to December in 2009. The proportion of forest was 46.98%, which means that non-point sources are major contributor of water pollution in this area. The annual mean COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) in Otae-ji was 3.6 ㎎ L -1 , indicating, level Ⅱ of environmental standards and the trophic state was mesotrophic. Although total phosporus concentration in the reservoir was high in August due to large inflow of nutrients from outside the reservoir during monsoon season, there was no break out of significant algal bloom in the summer. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton showed that the dinophyta dominated in the the spring, chlorophyta in the summer, chrysophyta and chlorophyta in the autumn and chrysophyta in the winter. In case of zooplankton, rotifers dominated in the most seasons, but cladoceran(Bosmina longirostris) dominated in June and copepod(Nauplii) in August. The macrophyte plants showed diverse species compositon consisted of 3 varieties, 24 species, 23 genera, 15 families and 14 orders. The macroinvertebrates also showed various FFG(Functional Feeding Groups) such as GC(Gathering-Collector), P(Predator), SH(Shedder), FC(Filter-Collector) and PP(Plant-Piercer). Ecosystem stability analysis using aquatic insects was classified as Group Ⅰ, which has high resilience and resistance indices. A total of 14 species of fish was collected but exotic species such as Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides were not found in Otae-ji. In conclusion, the preservation of healthy food wed in the reservoir ecosystem is closely related to water quality management as well as effective prevention of algal bloom by helping good material circulation in aquatic ecosystems.

1990년대 이후 국제결혼과 외국인 근로자의 급증으로 인해 한국 사회도 점점 다민족 다문화 사회로 진입해 가고 있으나 한국사회의 순혈주의와 단일 민족주의로 인해 이들을 같은 한국 국민으로 받아들이는 것에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다문화 사회를 살아갈 초등학생의 다문화 인식을 알아보고 다문화 교육의 방향을 제시하고자 초등학생의 다문화 인식에 영향을 주는 요인을 살펴보았다. 배경변인으로는 다문화 교육 경험, 비형식적인 다문화 경험, 어머니의 양육태도, 개인 배경이 다문화인식에 영향을 미치는 변인에 대해 연구하였다. 연구 대상은 경기도와 인천광역시에 소재한 5개 초등학교 6학년 학생 542명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS 12.0을 사용하여 일원변량분석(F검증), 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음 몇 가지로 나타났다. 첫째, 다문화 교육 경험은 초등학생의 다문화 인식에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비형식적 다문화 경험은 초등학생의 다문화 인식에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 하위 요인 중 미디어 요인이 초등학생의 다문화 인식에 대한 영향력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 어머니의 양육태도가 애정적, 자율적, 성취적, 합리적일수록 초등학생의 다문화 인식이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 여학생의 다문화 인식이 남학생에 비하여 높게 나타났고, 성적이 높을수록, 외국어 실력이 높을수록 다문화 인식이 높게 나타났다. 다섯째, 비형식적 다문화 경험, 성별, 다문화 교육 경험이 초등학생의 다문화 인식을 설명하는 변인으로 나타났고, 그 중에서도 비형식적 다문화 경험이 초등학생의 다문화 인식에 미치는 영향력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 앞으로의 다문화 교육은 비형식적인 경험과 개인적인 배경요인에 기초하여 교육과정을 구성하여 일반 학생들이 다문화적인 인식을 함양할 수 있도록 교육과정을 개발하여야 한다.

As analyzed the estimated values of the daily delivery loads from thirteen major side streams such as Naesung-river, Keumho-river, Hwang-river, Nam-river during five years (from 1999 to 2003), the daily BOD inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 31.1 ton and the daily BOD inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 26.7 ton, 22.5 ton, 21.0 ton, 25.8 ton, respectively. The daily TN inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows also the highest quantity as 64.9 ton and the daily TN inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 55.19 ton, 46.27 ton, 39.5 ton, 53.38 ton, respectively. The daily TP inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 2.70 ton likewise and the daily TP inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 2.17 ton, 1.87 ton, 1.60 ton, 2.10 ton, respectively. The rate of BOD loads from each side main stream into the main stream of Nakdong river shows that the BOD loads of Keumho-river are the highest as the values range from 32.8 % (2002) ～ 35.1 % (2003) and the BOD loads of Nam-river, Naesung-river, Hwang-river are high in the order named. The rate of TN loads to the main stream is also similar to the trend of BOD loads. The contribution of the TN loads of Geumho-river to the contamination of the main stream is also the highest having a range from 27.0 % (2002) to 28.8 % (1999) among the main side streams and the TN loads of Naesung-river, Nam-river, and Heachun-river are high in the order named. The rate of TP loads is quite different from the trend of BOD and TN loads. The TP rate of Keumho-river, however, is still the highest as ranging 58.6 % (2002) to 61.7 % (2003) and the river has the biggest portion (over 50%) of the entire pollution to the main stream of Nakdong river.

The delivery load data obtained from Nakdong river basin are used for developing the model estimating the daily delivery load on the main side streams of Nakdong River. The developed model assesses the daily contamination loads of the main thirteen side streams that contribute to the main stream of Nakdong river. It is developed that the model using the simplified equation that can estimate the daily delivery loads on the side main streams of Nakdong river for a period of having no data of the water quality and flow. The developed model for estimating the daily delivery loads from the main side streams in Nakdong river basin on each item such as BOD, TN, and TP is expressed as Daily delivery load (kg / day) = Production load (kg / day)×(1−α)×(daily runoff / average runoff per year)γ. The estimated values obtained by using the model are almost fit to the calculated values (real data) that have been acquired from the thirteen main side streams in Nakdong river basin. The correlation coefficient values, R, that indicate the correlation between the estimated and the calculated show over 0.7 that mean the estimated values from the used model are adapted to the real data except TN values of Nam-river, Hwang-river, Gam-river, We-river. Especially, the correlation of TP values between the estimated and the calculated implies quite a creditable data to use.

단백 효소 가수분해물의 천연 항균제로서의 응용성을 검토하기 위하여 casein에 5종의 단백질 가수분해 효소를 작용시켜 얻어진 가수 분해물의 항균활성을 측정하고 활성이 가장 높은 가수분해물을 부분 정제하여 그 응용성을 검토하였다. Casein에 5종 단백질 분해효소를 작용시켜 얻은 가수분해물의 항균활성은 Aspergillus oryzae protease에 의한 것이 가장 높았다. 효소처리에 의하여 얻어진 가수분해 물을 30,000, 10,000,

A nine-month case study was conducted to examine impacts of horticultural therapy on behavior, emotion and self-esteem of 19 elementary school students. The horticultural program was consisted of 36 weekly sessions, with each session lasting for an hour and a half. The children's behavior, emotion and self-esteem were measured by K-CBCL, Moon's Emotional Intelligence Inventory, and Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, respectively, using a pre and post-test design. Results indicated that only students who participated in the horticultural program had significantly improved self-esteem.

This thesis had an aim to help university students act floriculture effectively, and investigated universities' preference of the flower color objectfying 149 students. The three cut flowers in our country were selected, and they are the rose, the carnation, and the chrysanthemum. This thesis inquired of thirty flower gardens about color selection through telephone, and selected the most favored colors of three cut flowers asking the customers. The colors were red, yellow, and pink. This thesis established six polling booths in the lecture room 6.3m wide and 7m long, and put the rose, the carnation, and the chrysanthemum. To investigate the preference of color based on cut flower put in the polling booth 1,2, and 3, this thesis put the common color - red, pink, and yellow to investigate the preference of cut flower based on color in the polling booth 4,5,6. Scrutinizing the flower color after experimental study based on cut flower, this thesis found out that in the case of the rose, the most objects(48 persons, p=0.064) of investigation preferred yellow. In the case of chrysanthemum, the most objects(107 persons, p=0.0000) preferred pink. The rose and the chrysanthemum were significant statistically. Scrutinizing the preference of the cut flower based on the color, in the case of red cut flower, the most objects(89 persons, p=0.0000) preferred the rose, and in the case of yellow cut flower, the most objects(52 persons, p=0.0000) preferred the rose. In the case of pink cut flower, the most objects(89 persons, p=0.003) preferred chrysanthemum. All of them were significant statistically. When scrutinizing the tendency based on sex and age, this thesis found out that in the case of flower color, the persons 19～22 years old preferred pink carnation, and the persons 23～29 years old preferred yellow carnation. All of them were significant statistically(0.007) But the tendency based on sex or age were not significant statistically.