중저준위 방사성폐기물 천층처분시설의 처분덮개설계 및 성능평가를 위해 국내 역사시대 고분연구를 수행하였다. 처분덮개 성능과 관련된 국내외 연구현황을 조사하고 삼국시대 고분을 중심으로 봉분의 층상특성을 정리하였다. 국내 고분에 대한 봉토의 시료채취와 시료에 대한 수리전도도 측정 및 분석을 실시하였다. 고분에 대한 자연유사 연구에서 발굴조사보고서 상에 제시된 봉토의 유사판축기법의 적용, 모세관 방벽현상과 배수로를 이용한 봉분 내 습도조절 여부를 천층처분 시설설계에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후 국내 고분발굴현장이 있을 때 현장을 방문하여 필요한 자료수집과 더불어 원자력분야의 관심사와 필요사항에 대하여 국내 고고학계와의 정보교환이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

한국산 황각다귀(Nephrotoma virgata Coquillett)의 알, 유충, 번데기 단계에 대한 분류학적 연구를 수행하였으며, 각 단계별로 형태를 스케치하고 특징을 기재하였다. Nephrotoma속의 미성숙 단계는 한국에서 처음 기재된다.

Tipula속에 속하는 한국산 어리아이노각다귀(Tipula patagiata Alexander)의 알, 유충, 번데기 단계에 대한 분류학적 연구를 수행하였으며, 각 단계 및 영기별로 기재하고, 형태적 특징을 그림으로 나타내었다. 이 종의 미성숙 단계는 한국에서 처음 기재된다.

고무화합물 형태로 구성된 조영제의 병에 Syringe Connector의 Spike를 연결 시 고무의 찢김 정도를 알아보고 찢김 및 분쇄로 인한 합성고무의 혼입 유무와 분쇄된 합성고무가 검출 시 분쇄물의 크기를 실험을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 찢김 정도의 경우 Syringe Connector의 끝과 최초 접촉하는 앞면이 약 3.14±0.04 ㎜로 뒷면 보다 많이 찢겼으며, 실험 대상인 10 병의 조영제에서 평균 7 개에서 15 개로 모두 분쇄물이 검출되었다. 검출된 분쇄물을 이용하여 크기를 측정한 결과 평균크기는 약 7.89±0.31 ㎛이었다. 향 후 다양한 실험 및 분석방법을 통한 추가실험과 더불어 흡인된 분쇄물 차단을 위한 미세 필터타입 자동주입장치의 개발이 필요하며, 분쇄물 유입 시 치명적 사고를 대비하여 관련기관의 관심 또한 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), also known as Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (Cyprinid 3) is lethal disease in common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio). Two different groups (KK and RK) were infected KHV by intraperitoneal injection. Fish for gene expression analysis were sampled at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post infection (p.i). The results showed that two immune related gene, Interferons (INFs) ɑβ and Interleukin (IL)-12 p35 induced a high response in RK. The IL-12 p35 cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 were significantly high expressed on 48 h post infection (p.i) in RK as compared to the KK. The histopatological examination reveals focal necrosis in liver and infiltrate of lymphocytes in spleen of KK as compared to the RK. In immunohistochemistry analysis, the KHV protein high expressed in the infected kidney cell and slenocyte of KK. Therefore, the expression of IL-12 p35, IFN ɑβ and TLR 9 may provide a potentially genes related with KHV resistance in Koi and red common carp × koi.

Hovenia dulcis fruit powder (HFP) has shown diverse functional activities; thus, it is rational to incorporate HFP into suitable food products with enhanced nutritional and functional quality, and their incorporation into bakery products such as cookies could be a good alternative for the increase of consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HFP addition on the quality characteristics of cookies. The pH of cookie doughs ranged from 5.80-6.34, with no remarkable differences by HFP addition. Density of cookie doughs significantly decreased upon addition of HFP (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among samples added with HFP (p>0.05). Moisture content and spread factor of cookies significantly increased with higher content of HFP in the formulation (p<0.05). For color values of cookie surface, L* and b*-values decreased while a*-value increased as a result of HFP substitution (p<0.05). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly increased (p<0.05) with higher substitution of HFP, showing a positive correlation. Hedonic sensory results indicated that cookies supplemented with 4% HFP received the most favorable acceptance scores for sensory attributes. Overall, HFP-added cookies could be developed with improved physicochemical qualities without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

As a result of inquiring into the analysis consequent on a symptom by research subject, it was found that there were 1 paper (1.5%) which did research for the purpose of rehabilitation of the general public, 26 papers (38.8%) targeting diagnosis-related groups (DRG), and 40 papers (59.7%) targeting social consideration subject. Also, as a result of the inquiry about the frequency & number of times of horticultural therapy program implementation, it was found that 49 papers (73.1%) implemented one time a week, and 45 papers (67.2%) were surveyed as the highest by conducting a total of 11~20 sessions of horticultural therapy programs, In the analysis of horticultural therapy activities by type, plant cultivation activity was found to be the most 506 times, accounting for 41.5%, followed by 297 time crafts activity (24.4%), 213 time floral decoration activity (17.5%), and 203time others activities (16.7%). In cultivation activity, soil-using cultivation activity (25.1%) was found to be lower than the proportion (74.9%) of soiless cultivation (16.4%), crafts activity (24.4%), floral decoration activity (17.5%) and other activities (16.7%). The most used plants in a restricted place like a hospital were found to be in the order of Hedera helix, Chamaedorea elegans, Succulent plant, Syngonium podophyllum, Neofinetia falcata HU, Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R.Br.), Rosmarinus officinalis, and Spathiphyllum spp.

소사나무(Carpinus turczaninowii, C. turczaninowii) 잎 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 억제활성을 B16F10 melanoma 세포를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 에탄올 추출물(100 μ g/mL)에서 72.2%의 생성 억제 효과를 확인하였으며, 동일 농도에서 MTT 세포독성은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 분획물(헥산, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물)을 제조한 후 실험을 진행한 결과, 에틸아세테이트 분획에서 가장 우수한 활성이 관찰되었다. 에틸아세테이 트 분획에서 활성성분을 규명하기 위하여 크로마토그라피를 진행하였으며, 4개의 화합물을 분리 동정하였다; ethyl gallate (1), quercetin rhamnose (2), kaempferol rhamnose (3), quercetin galloylrhamnose (4). 화합물의 구조규명은 핵자기공명분광기 등을 이용하여 이루어졌으며, 4개의 화합물 모두 소사나무 잎에서는 처 음 분리된 물질이다. 분리된 화합물을 대상으로 멜라닌 생성 억제활성 실험을 진행한 결과, 화합물 4에서 세포독 성 없이 농도의존적인 억제활성을 확인하였다. 또한, 화합물 4는 세포 내에서 티로시나제 발현양을 감소시키고 있음을 ELISA를 통하여 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 소사나무 잎 추출물이 화장품에서 미백제로 활용 될 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

In this study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite films containing various content of GO were prepared using solution casting method. The effect of GO content on Young’s modulus and dispersion of GO in PHBV matrix was investigated. Also, the thermomechanical properties, oxygen transmission rates and hydrolytic degradation of PHBV/GO nanocomposite films were studied. The addition of GO into PHBV improves the Young’s modulus and decreases thermal expansion coefficient. The improvement can be mainly attributed to good dispersion of GO and interfacial interactions between PHBV and GO. Furthermore, PHBV/GO nanocomposite films show good oxygen barrier properties. PHBV/GO nanocomposites show lower hydrolytic degradation rates with increasing content of GO.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder.

Background : Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim) Seem, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. The plants belonging to Acanthopanax species are traditionally used in Korea as anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs and are recognized to have ginseng-like activities. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for independent analysis of major compounds and chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Chlorogenic acid was reported that prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease in vivo. Also, it has antioxidant effect in vitro test. In the previous experiment, chlorogenic acid were found in A. sessiliflorus fruits. This study was performed to identification of the major compounds and investigate the method validation for the determination of chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Methods and Results : Three major compounds were recorded on a Varian Unity Inova AS-400 FT-NMR spectrometer and analyzed by the new HPLC analysis method. HPLC analysis was carried out using an Waters e2695 and PDA detector. The new analyasis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day, inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3), and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) of chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curves of chlorogenic acid was 0.997 in terms of linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.565 ㎍/ml and 2.88 ㎍/ml, respectively. There was no interfering peak observed each other and HPLC system was suitable for analysis showing goodness of peak and high precision. Conclusion : This method is suitable to detect and quantify major compounds in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Furthermore, the result will be applied to establish chlorogenic acid as an standard compound for A. sessiliflorus fruits.

Background : Allergy is a common disease caused by type I hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system. Unfortunately, there is no proper treatment for allergy. Therefore, the discovery of therapeutic drugs for allergy is essential. In this study, the crude extracts of 56 plant parts were screened for anti-allergy effects in RBL-2H3 cells. Methods and Results : IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells were individually treated with 56 extracts of medicinal herbs at the final concentration of 20 ㎍/㎖ and stimulated with the antigen DNP-BSA. β-Hexosaminidase release, interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, and cell viability in the sample treated cells were measured. Among the tested samples, extracts from the root of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim., aerial part of Acer triflorum Kom., and leaf of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai showed inhibitory effects on β-hexosaminidase release. The aerial part of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and seed of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. showed suppressive activities on IL-4 secretion. All of the extracts were not cytotoxic at the tested concentration. Conclusion : From the result, six extracts including Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. (root) and Acer triflorum Kom. (aerial part) inhibited both β-hexosaminidase release and IL-4 secretion in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The use of these extracts for developing anti-allergy materials is suggested.

Background : Five medicinal herbs have been selected from the preliminary screening for in vitro anti-allergy activity (in RBL-2H3 cells). The present study is conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of the medicinal herbs on allergic inflammation in other kind of cells. Methods and Results : Cells treated with five extracts prepared from Betula costata Trautv. (aerial part), Camellia sinensis L. (aerial part), Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. (root), Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai (leaf), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. (root) were measured for mRNA levels of TNF-α on HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by TNF-α /INF-γ and for mRNA levels of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells mediated by PMA/A23187. Pre-treatment with the five extracts reduced the mRNA levels of TNF-α in HaCaT cells and mRNA levels of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells. In particular, the leaf extract of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai significantly and dose-dependently decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-2. To determine the toxicity of the extracts from the selected medicinal herbs to HaCaT cells and Jurkat T cells, the viabilities of the cells treated with several concentrations of the five extracts were measured by MTT assay. Extracts of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. (root), Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai (leaf), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud. (root) (up to 250 ㎍/㎖) did not show cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells and Jurkat T cells. On the other hand, 250 ㎍/㎖ of extracts of Betula costata Trautv. (aerial part) and Camellia sinensis L. (aerial part) reduced cell viability in both cells. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the leaf extract of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Therefore, the leaf of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai can be a useful resource for the development of anti-allergy/anti-inflammatory materials.

Background : Agrimonia pilosa (A. pilosa) Ledebour has been registered in The Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia (KHP). In the recent study, A. Coreana showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. However, Studies of components in Agrimonia coreana (A. Coreana) Nakai was not much. So, we compared A. pilosa and A. coreana by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). we perfomed Thin layer chlromatography (TLC) including the anatomical characteristics by using microscope. Methods and Results : The anatomical characteristics of A. pilosa were similar to them of A. coreana. But, fascicular fivers of A. Coreana was broader than it of A. pilosa. TLC were performed to identify the Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide compound. In the extract of Agrimoniae Herba, they were identified on the spot of Rf 0.2, 0.4 in Ethyl acetate - Formic acid – Water (8 : 1 : 1). The Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide were analysed by HPLC/UV with Thermo Column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm, C18), the column temperature at 40 ℃ and a diode-array detector (DAD) seted at 255 nm and 338 nm. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid with the flow rate 1 mL/min. All compounds showed good linearity (R2>0.999) within test ranges. Agrimoniae herba was extrated by four kinds of extraction methods: MeOH, 50% MeOH, EtOH and water. The highest extraction rate occurred, when it was treated with 50% Methanol for refluxing extraction (60min). Content of Rutin was found to be 0.07±0.00 mg/g in A. pilosa and 0.02±0.00 mg/g in A. coreana. Content of Apigenin-7-glucuronide was found to be 0.12±0.00 mg/g in A. pilosa and 0.11±0.00 mg/g in A. coreana. Conclusion : The anatomical characteristics of A. pilosa were similar to them of A. coreana. Contents of Rutin and Apigenin-7-glucuronide in A. pilosa was higher than them in A. coreana slightly. But there were observed the similar patterns of Agrimonia pilosa Ledebour and Agrimonia coreana Nakai on the finger print anelysis.

Early life stage mortality in fish is one of the problems faced by loach aquaculture. However, our understanding of immune system in early life stage fish is still incomplete, and the information available is restricted to a few fish species. In the present work, we investigated the expression of immune-related transcripts in loach during early development. In fishes, recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and sacsin (SACS) have been considered as immunological function. In this study, the expression of the both genes was assessed throughout the early developmental stages of loach using real-time PCR method. maRAG-1 mRNA was first detected in 0 dph, observed the increased mostly until 40 dph. Significant expression of maRAG-1 was detected in 0 to 40 dph. These patterns of expression may suggest that the loach start to develop its function after hatching. On the other hand, maSACS was detected in unfertilized oocyte to molura stages and 0 to 40 dph. maSACS mRNA transcripts were detected in unfertilized oocytes, suggesting that they are maternally transferred.

Molecular markers are useful for selecting to include superior character genetic like as strong immune system and rapid growth in fish. The marker is also very important part of breeding technology in Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marker is already in use widely for genomic research and breeding. But this SNPs marker hardly has been validated for screening functional genes in Olive flounder. We study identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on Expressed sequence tag (EST) database, develop usable SNP marker and apply to wild sample and cultured of olive flounder. As a result, Out of total 4.327 ESTs, 693contigs and 514 SNP from total contigs were detected while these substitutions include 297 transitions and 217 transversions. 144 developed markers were applied in 16 samples (wild 8, culture 8), Out of total marker, only 32 markers had detected polymorphic in sample. Polymorphism of 32 markers was observed in the variety genes region involved in immunity and protein synthesis. And the 32 marker were identified 21 transitions, 11 transversions, and indel was not detected in polymorphic SNPs. The analysis on heterozygosity by sample showed 0.34 in wild sample and 0.29 in cultured sample. In conclusion, we was identified SNP and Polymorphism by designed new marker, it supports that development marker is suitable for SNP detection and diversity analysis in Olive flounder. The outcome of this study can be basic data for researches for immunity gene and characteristic with SNP.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a fast-growing, warm-season legume crop that is primarily cultivated in developing countries of Asia. We constructed a draft genome sequence of mungbean to facilitate genome research into the subgenus Ceratotropis and to enable a better understanding of the evolution of leguminous species. The draft genome sequence covers 80% of the estimated genome, of which 50.1% consists of repetitive sequences. In total, 22,427 high confidence protein-coding genes were predicted. Based on the de novo assembly of additional wild mungbean species, the divergence of what was eventually domesticated and the sampled wild mungbean species appears to have predated domestication. Moreover, the de novo assembly of a tetraploid Vigna species (Vigna reflexo-pilosa var. glabra) provided genomic evidence of a recent allopolyploid event. To further study speciation, we compared de novo RNA-seq assemblies of 22 accessions of 18 Vigna species and protein sets of Glycine max and Cajanus cajan. The species tree was constructed by a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method using highly confident orthologs shared by all 24 accessions. The present assembly of V. radiata var. radiata will facilitate genome research and accelerate molecular breeding of the subgenus Ceratotropis.

본 연구는 공원자산을 활용한 공원재정비에 의한 공간구성의 변화가 이용형태 및 이용만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하여, 향후 한국의 도시공원의 재정비사업의 계획론적인 관점에서의 방향성을 제시하기 위해, 요코하마시 카나자와구의 토미오카 no.5 공원의 재정비사례를 대상으로 2회의 걸친 공원 이용자 설문지 조사와 지역주민, 행정 담당자, 재정비공원 설계자를 대상으로 청취 조사를 실시하였다. 조사를 통해 확인 된 결과를 분석하여 향후 한국의 도시공원 재정비사업의 방향성에 대해 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다.첫째, 향후 공원재정비 사업의 적극적인 추진이 예측되는 한국에 있어서 공원자산에 관한 이용자의 인식도조사를 통해 파악된 공원자산을, 적극적으로 보존 및 활용한 재정비 수법은 공원의 평가와 만족도향상에 유효하며, 공원 자산을 파악하기 위해 이용자에 대한 인식도 조사가 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 재정비를 위한 주민설명회에서 확인 된 공원에 대한 지역주민의 요구와 지자체의 공원재정비의 목적과 과제의 파악을 통해, 이에 맞춰 명확한 설계의도를 설정하는 것은 이용자 만족도 향상에 효과적인 재정비 사업의 프로세스라고 볼 수 있으며, 재정비를 포함한 도시공원정비 사업추진에 시민참여가 활발히 이루어지고 있는 한국에 시사하는 바가 크다고 볼 수 있다.