본 연구는 비방사성 SrCl2를 이용하여 Sr 농도를 50, 100, 200mg·kg-1 및 토양 유기물 함량을 5%, 10% 및 15%로 달리하여 배추의 생육, 생체중, 엽록소 함량에 미치는 영향을 생육 시기별로 분석하였다. 그 결과, Sr 농도가 증가할수록 초장, 근장, 엽면적, 생체중 및 건물중이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 특히 Sr 200mg·kg-1 처리에서 생육 저 해가 뚜렷하였다. 반면, 엽록소 함량(SPAD)은 처리 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 광합성 색소에는 Sr의 영향이 제 한적인 것으로 나타났다. 유기물 함량이 높은 토양에서는 Sr 처리에 따른 생육 저해가 완화되었으며, 특히 유기물 15% 조건에서 완충 효과가 가장 크게 나타났다. 이는 유기물이 Sr의 생물유효도를 감소시켜 식물체 흡수를 억제하 는 기작에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 비방사성 SrCl2를 이용한 실험을 통해 작물의 Sr 독성 반응과 유기물 기 반 토양 완충 효과를 정량적으로 규명하였으며, 향후 방사성 오염 토양의 생물학적 복원 및 안전 농산물 생산 전략 수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

본 연구는 담액수경재배(DFT, Deep Flow Technique) 조건에서 질산태 질소(NO3-N) 결핍이 Perilla frutescens Britt.(잎들깨)의 생육 및 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 야마자키 표준 양액을 기반으로 NO3-N 농도를 0%(대조구), 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%의 5수준으로 단계적으로 감소시킨 처리구를 설정하였다. 처리 시작 후 20일부터 80일까지의 기간 동안, 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 줄기직경 등 주요 생육 지표는 질산태 질소 결핍 (Nitrate Deficiency, ND) 수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다. 특히, 80일 후 ND 100%(0 mM) 처리구에서 는 생육이 크게 저해되어 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 줄기직경이 각각 49.2%, 59.4%, 41.7%, 42.2% 감소하였다. 생체중과 건물중은 각각 93.4g에서 15.5g, 11.8g에서 3.0g으로 급격히 감소하였다. 식물체 내 총 질소 함량도 ND 수준이 높 아짐에 따라 비례적으로 감소하였으며, ND 0% 대비 ND 100% 처리구에서는 약 50% 이상의 질소 함량 감소가 관 찰되었다. 하엽에서는 황화, 갈변, 괴사 등의 생리적 장애 증상이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 이는 엽록소 분해와 관련된 것으로 판단된다. 본 결과는 수경재배 조건에서 잎들깨의 안정적인 생육과 생리적 기능 유지를 위해 충분한 질산 공 급이 필수적임을 보여주며, 상업적 생산을 위한 질산 관리 전략 수립에 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

As space missions extend in duration, the impact of spaceflight on human reproduction poses serious biomedical challenges. The reproductive system is susceptible to microgravity, ionizing radiation, and circadian disruption. This review summarizes current evidence on how space environments affect reproductive function, focusing on gametogenesis, hormonal regulation, pregnancy, and embryonic development. We reviewed data from rodent models, parabolic flight experiments, and space-exposed cellular systems to assess the effect of space-relevant stressors on reproductive health. Findings show that microgravity impairs sperm motility and hormonal balance, while radiation increases DNA fragmentation and induces heritable epigenetic changes. Female reproductive health is similarly affected, with radiation accelerating follicular loss and hormonal disruption impairing ovulation. Early pregnancy stages, including implantation and placental development, are especially vulnerable to space conditions. Rodent studies indicate that while basic fertility may persist, the long-term effect on offspring health and multi-generational outcomes remains unclear. These findings highlight the need for targeted countermeasures and continued research to ensure reproductive success in future space missions.

본 연구는 한반도 유사 사례 중 하나인 1976년 판문점 도끼 사건에 대 한 한미일 3국의 관점을 역사적인 측면에서 관련 문서를 통해 고찰하였 다. 한국 정부와 국회는 북한과 공산주의에 관한 강렬한 적대감을 나타내 었다. 미국 백악관도 북한의 전적인 책임을 강조하며 북한을 비난하였다. 미국 의회는 판문점 도끼 사건을 규탄하였지만, 동시에 한국의 국내 인권 문제에 대해서도 논하였다. 이에 박정희 정권은 미국 의회의 대응이 매우 모호하다고 판단하여 불편함을 나타내며 미국 국무부에 도움을 요청하였 다. 한편, 일본 정부와 자민당은 판문점 도끼 사건에 대한 미국의 초기 대응에 공감하였다. 그러나 일본 국회에서 다른 정당은 한반도 유사시 미 국의 동맹인 일본이 개입하게 될 가능성을 매우 우려하였다. 본 연구는 한반도 유사 사례 중 하나인 1976년 판문점 도끼 사건이 발생하였던 당 시 한미일 3국의 시각이 모두 협력적이지는 않았음을 강조한다.

본 연구는 담액수경재배(Deep Flow Technique, DFT)로 재배된 잎들깨(Perilla frutescens)의 생장 및 생리 적 반응에 미치는 인산결핍의 영향을 분석하였다. 인산 결핍 처리는 야마자키 표준 배양액을 수정하여 0% (대조 구), 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%의 5 수준으로 달리 조성하였다. 처리 20일부터 80일까지 인산 결핍 수준이 증가함에 따라 초장, 엽수, 마디 수, 경직경이 유의미하게 감소하였다. 80일째에는 100% 인산 결핍 처리에서 초장이 10.1cm, 엽수는 식물체당 2.7장으로 급감하였으며, 이는 대조구의 73.5cm 및 12.8장에 비해 현저한 생장 저해를 나타냈다. 또한, 인산 결핍 조건에서 생체중과 건물중 모두 현저히 감소하였으며, 대조구의 생체중은 93.4g 이었으나 100% 인산결핍 처리구에서는 2.1g으로, 건물중은 11.8g에서 0.4g으로 크게 감소하였다. 인산 결핍 정도가 증가할수록 하 부엽에서 황화(Chlorosis) 및 괴사(Necrosis)와 같은 생리장해 증상이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 인산이 잎 들깨의 영양생장과 건물생산량 증가에 필수적인 역할을 수행함을 나타내었다.

본 논문은 한반도 유사 사례 중 하나인 KAL 858 사건 당시 한미일의 대응을 검토하였다. 본 연구는 KAL 858 사건이 발생했던 전두환 정권 시기와 노태우가 대통령으로 취임했던 1988년 2월 25일 이후 시기를 구 분하여 한국, 미국, 일본에서 생산된 1차 자료들을 중심으로 검토하였다. KAL 858 사건 발생 당시 한국, 미국, 일본은 공통적인 반응을 나타냈 다. 우선 KAL 858 사건이 일어났던 1987년 11월부터 한국, 미국, 일본 모두 협력하여 북한을 규탄하며 제재를 가하였다. 반면, 노태우 대통령 취임 이후 한국, 미국, 일본은 북한을 규탄하면서도 군사적인 보복 등의 강력한 제재와 관련된 고려를 줄였다. 본 연구는 1987년 KAL 858 사건 에서 한국, 미국, 일본이 협력하는 모습을 보였음을 제시한다.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and is also used in veterinary medicine, particularly in the swine and bovine industries. However, no gentamicin product is currently approved for treating equine diseases in Korea. The present study aims to examine the time-dependent residue of gentamicin in horses after intravenous injection (IV) via jugular vein. The test product was injected at 6.6 mg/kg BW via jugular vein in nine horses. Blood was collected from the horse's jugular vein at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after injection. To purify the gentamicin in serum, 100μL of 20 mM HFBA in DW, 100 μL of 30% trichloroacetic acid and 300 μL of 20 mM heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) in acetonitrile (ACN) were added to 500 μL of serum and supernatant was applied to LC-MS/MS after centrifugation. LC-MS/MS-8050 analyzed the level of gentamicin in serum with Electrospray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive mode. Gentamicin C1 was 478 m/z and product ions were 322, 157 m/z. Precursor ion of Gentamicin C1a was 450 m/z and product ions were 322, 160 m/z. Precursor ion of Gentamicin C2 and C2a was 464 m/z and product ions were 322, 160 m/z. The LC column was a C18 and mobile phase composed of 20 mM HFBA in 5% ACN and 20 mM HFBA in 50% ACN. The amount of gentamicin was calculated by adding four components of gentamicin (C1, C1a, C2 and C2a). The pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin were calculated by the WinNonlin program. The Cmax of gentamicin in horse serum was 93 ± 17 μg/kg and the Tmax was 0.25 ± 0 hours. The T1/2 was 6.41 ± 2.32 hours and the CLt was 0.05 ± 0.01L/hr/kg. The Vd was shown as 0.44 ± 0.13 L/kg and the MRT was 1.98 ± 0.55 hours. In conclusion, our data provides useful pharmacokinetic parameters for gentamicin in horses following IV injection.

본 연구에서는 국내에서 판매되는 24개 건어포 및 조미 건어포 제품의 종 판별 및 표시사항 준수 여부를 평가했 다. 이러한 수산가공품에 사용된 원재료의 종판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 및 cytochrome b 유전자 의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 및 BOLD 데이 터베이스에 등록되어 있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교 후 계통 분석을 수행했다. 분석 결과 13개 종(Hyporhamphus quoyi, Gadus chalcogrammus, Lophius litulon, Conger myriaster, Paramonacanthus pusillus, Hyporhamphus sajori, Gadus macrocephalus, Hoplobrotula armata, Callionymus meridionalis, Liparis tanakae, Dosidicus gigas, Lagocephalus cheesemanii, and Takifugu vermicularis)이 확인되었다. 일반 명(장어, 오징어 등)을 포함할 경우 16개 제품(66.7%)에서 표시사항과 판별된 종 간에 불일치가 확인되었으며, 일반 명을 제외할 경우 불일치 비율은 41.7%로 감소했다. 식품 유형별로는 조미건어포 제품(n=20, 70%)에서 건어포 제품 (n=4, 50%) 보다 높은 비율의 불일치 비율이 관찰되었다. 원산지별 분석 결과 특정 국가와 불일치 비율과의 상관성 은 확인할 수 없었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 건포류 제품의 주기적 모니터링 수행 및 수산물의 국명 표시 선을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.

Moringa oleifera, a versatile plant, has been traditionally used to treat various ailments and is gaining scientific attention due to its potential as a medicine. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions, thriving in Asia, Africa, and South America, especially in arid climates. This study explores the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE), employing a comprehensive screening approach with various solvents to identify the most effective extraction method. Initial experiments assessed antioxidant efficacy and yield using distilled water (D.W.), 95% ethanol, and 95% methanol. Among these, 95% ethanol extract demonstrated superior antioxidant activity, confirmed through assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-14 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, total polyphenol content analysis, and reducing power assay. In addition, with the 95% ethanol MOLE, a higher extraction efficiency was yielded compared to other solvents, making it the most effective for large-scale preparation. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including ellagic acid, rutin, Q-3-O, quercetin, and kaempferol. Results revealed that MOLE, prepared using 95% ethanol, exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, attributed to its rich polyphenolic content. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of MOLE as a natural antioxidant source and highlights the importance of solvent optimization in phytochemical extractions.

In this study, an simultaneous LC-MS/MS multi-residue analytical method was developed and validated for the residues of six neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) in honey. Sample preparation included a combination of QuEChERS extraction kit and liquid-liquid extraction method to effectively extract pesticide components from the honey matrix and optimized analytical conditions to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were set in the range of 6-15 ng/mL and 19-44 ng/mL, respectively and the correlation coefficient (R²) was greater than 0.99, confirming good linearity. In addition, the intra-day recoveries for each pesticide were 75-104%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 20%, which met the guideline recommended by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The LC-MS/MS method developed in this study is expected to be used as a multi-residue analysis method for 6 neonicotinoid pesticides in honey.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is a highly valued medicinal plant native to Aisa. Widely used as a spice, renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, clove bud extract (CBE) was prepared at different ethanol concentrations of 50%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the CBE was evaluated through DPPH, polyphenol, and reducing power assays, revealing its strong antioxidant potential, with 90% ethanol being the most effective extract. HPLC analysis identified eugenol (8.7 mg/g) as the major active compound, known to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Given the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD), the therapeutic potential of CBE was explored using a 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were induced with AD by topical application of DNCB. CBE was administered topically to the affected skin (back and ear) areas for 4 weeks. The treatment of CBE significantly reduced the severity of clinical dermatitis, decreased epidermal thickness, and lowered mast cell and eosinophil infiltration in skin tissue, as observed through hematoxylin eosin staining and toluidine blue staining. The results demonstrated CBE as a promising therapeutic agent for managing AD through its regulation of skin inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a potential candidate for future treatments of inflammatory skin disorders.

Following the previous study, which investigated the pharmacological properties of the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m), the toxicity of a single intravenous administration of the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) and the side effects that may occur at the diagnostic dose were confirmed. The Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) was administered intravenously once at a dose of 0, 0.67, 2.0, and 6.0 mCi/kg to 5 male and female rats per group. Mortality, general symptom observation, and weight measurement were performed for 2 weeks, followed by observation of autopsy findings. There were no deaths, and no statistically significant weight change was observed. No abnormal systemic signs related to the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) were observed. These results confirmed that Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) can be safely administered intravenously at doses up to 6.0 mCi/kg. Additionally, technetium-99m at an average dose of 2 mCi (74 MBq) has been verified as a diagnostic dose without adverse effects, allowing the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) to be used safely without side effects at this dosage. This study demonstrates that the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) has a wide safety margin, supporting its potential for clinical application. Moreover, these findings align with the nonclinical safety standards for radiopharmaceuticals, reinforcing its utility in veterinary medicine. The Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) is expected to be applicable for clinical diagnosis as a veterinary drug in Korea.

Thyroid scanning using technetium-99m (99mTc) is the gold standard for diagnosing feline hyperthyroidism. In cats with an overactive thyroid, a thyroid scan is the most appropriate imaging technique to detect and localize any hyperfunctional adenomatous thyroid tissue. In this study, the pharmacological properties of the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m), developed as a diagnostic agent for feline hyperthyroidism using 99mTc as an active ingredient, were tested in FRTL-5 thyroid follicular cell line and ICR mice. The percentage of cell uptake of the Tc-99m in FRTL-5 thyroid cells was 0.182 ± 0.018%, which was about 6 times higher compared to Clone 9 hepatocytes. This uptake decreased by 38.2% due to competitive inhibition by iodine (sodium iodide). In tissue distribution tests by using ICR mice, the highest distribution was observed in the liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and femur at 0.083 hours after administration, and this distribution decreased as the compound was excreted through the kidneys, the primary excretory organ. Maximum distribution was confirmed at 1 hour in the small intestine, 6 hours in the large intestine, and 2 hours in the thyroid gland. Additionally, the total amount excreted through urine and feces over 48 hours (2 days) was 78.80% of the injected dose, with 37.70% (47.84% of the total excretion) excreted through urine and 41.10% (52.16% of the total excretion) through feces. In conclusion, the Tc-99m has the same mechanism of action, potency, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics as 99mTc used for feline hyperthyroidism in the United States, Europe, and other countries, because the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) contains 99mTc as its sole active ingredient. Based on these results, the Technekitty injection (Tc-99m) is expected to be safely used in the clinical diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism.