Schlumbergera truncata absorbs CO2 through its mature phylloclades during the night, and can use a substantial amount of CO2 without requiring ventilation. This study investigated the growth and photosynthetic responses of S. truncata ‘Red Candle’ at two CO2 levels—ambient (≈ 400 μmol･mol-1) and elevated (≈ 1000 μmol･mol-1). At 0–8 weeks after treatment (WAT), width and length of mature phylloclade and length of immature phylloclade did not differ significantly among the CO2 treatments. At 4–8 WAT, number of branches and phylloclades were significantly greater in plants grown under ambient CO2 than those under elevated CO2. Net CO2 uptake was highest in mature phylloclades of plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 regimes at night, at 2.51 and 1.30 μmol·CO2·m-2·s-1, respectively. However, no statistically significant variation was observed at 6 WAT, and stomatal conductance was significantly affected only by CO2 uptake time at 6 and 8 WAT. Water-use efficiency of mature and immature phylloclades at night increased with increase in CO2 levels (r = 0.7462 and 0.9312, respectively). At 123 days after treatment, plants grown under elevated CO2 had 82.7 floral buds, compared to 72.1 buds in those under ambient CO2. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, S. truncata grown under elevated CO2 exhibited decreased growth and photosynthesis, whereas the number of floral buds did not exhibit any significant differences among the treatments.

본 논문은 모바일 폰 사진을 활용하여 도시 공간에서 전력선과 건물 사이의 거리를 편리하게 모델링하고 측정하는 방법에 중점을 두고 있으며, 이에 대한 정확성을 평가하였다. 모바일 장 치용 2뷰 지오메트리를 사용한 전력선과 건물의 3D 재구성 방법을 설계하여 어디에서나 즉시 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 특징점을 사용하여 전력선과 건물 사이의 거리를 계산하고 건물 정 보를 활용하여 게임 가상 공간에 전력선과 전주를 배치할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 대전시 내 10개의 위치에서 실험을 실시하고, 상업용 시스템과 LiDAR가 있는 경우와 없는 경우를 포함 한 이전 방법과의 성능을 평가하였다. 우리의 방법을 스마트폰에 구현했기 때문에 장점은 휴 대성과 저렴함이다.

왕담배나방은 기주범위가 넓은 다식성으로 토마토, 옥수수, 담배, 해바라기, 땅콩, 면화, 콩 등 다양한 작물에 피해를 주는 해충이며, 장거리 이동성 해충으로도 유명하다. 본 연구에서는 기존 자료를 바탕으로 월동번데기의 성충으로 우화모델(2종)를 작성하고 포장 실측자료와 비교하여 평가하였다. 월동 번데기는 휴면을 종료한 후 안점소실 과정을 거쳐 정상의 번데기로 이행되고 비로소 성충으로 우화하는 것으로 가정하였다. 첫 번째 모형(모 형 1)은 2단계 휴면후발육 우화모형으로 안점소실에 필요한 적산온도 59.9DD (발육영점온도 15.9℃)와 번데기 발육완료에 필요한 192.3DD (발육영점온도 10.2℃)로 구성하였다. 두 번째 모형(모형 2)은 온도자극 우화모형으 로 17.63℃의 온도자극 이후에 번데기 발육을 개시하는 모형이었다. 적산온도는 단순 평균온도법과 사인곡선법 으로 계산하여 비교하였다. 포장자료와 비교 결과 모형 1에 사인곡선법을 적용했을 때 실측치와 편차가 3일보다 작거나 차이가 없었다. 반면 사인곡선법을 적용한 모형 2는 3~6.5일의 편차가 있었다. 평균온도법을 적용한 경우 두 모형 모두 실측치와 편차가 증가하였다. 모형을 활용하여 예측 우화시기와 트랩유살자료를 비교하여 왕담배 나방의 비래 가능성에 대하여 고찰하였다.

종래의 게임에서, 널리 사용되고 있는 난수는 게임 서비스 제공자에 의하여 일방적으로 제공되기 때문에, 게 임 이용자가 제공받은 난수가 어떠한 개입이나 조작이 있었는지를 검증하는 것은 어렵다. 본 논문은 상호 참 여형 난수 발생기인 TogetheRand를 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 이더리움 블록체인 시스템 위에서 작동되는 스 마트 컨트랙트이다. 제안된 방법의 난수성을 Dieharder tests를 이용하여 테스트하였다. 제안된 방법은 많은 사람들이 난수 생성에 참여할 수 있고, 모든 입력값을 확인할 수 있으며, 블록체인 시스템으로 인하여 정상 작동 여부가 보장되기 때문에 게임 이용자와 제공자 모두가 신뢰할 수 있는 방법이다. 제안된 방법은 게임 등의 신뢰성 있는 난수가 필요한 응용 분야에서 두루 적용될 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서 사용된 코드는 ht tps://github.com/TyeolRik/TogetheRand 에 공개되어 있다.

오프라인 공간 이동 게임은 (이하 공간 이동 게임) 정해진 실제 공간에 배치된 여러 퍼즐 문제와의 상호작용을 통해 해당 공간을 탈출하는 게임으로서 전 세계적으로 많은 인기를 끌고 있다. 본 논문은 공간 이동게임을 디자인할 때 도움이 되는 새로운 잠금 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 해당 잠금 시스템은 여러 개의 스마트폰 장치를 활용하는 것으로, 터치 디스플레이를 이용해 장치 간의 배치를 추정할 수 있는 시스템을 기반으로 한다. 사용자는 공간 이동 게임 내에서 주어진 힌트를 이용해서 다수의 스마트폰 장치를 적절하게 배치한 후 스마트폰들의 배치를 추정할 수 있는 터치 제스처 데이터를 서버에 전송한다. 서버는 각 장치의 배치 상태를 추정하여, 배치 상태가 올바른 지 확인하고 게임을 진행시킨다. 제안한 잠금 시스템에 대해, 사용의 입력을 바탕으로 잠금 시스템으로서의 성능을 평가하였으며, 잠금 패턴을 구분하기 위한 적절한 파라미터를 선정하였다. 또한 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 공간 이동 게임에서 활용될 수 있는 시나리오를 제안하였다. 본 논문을 통해 제안된 새로운 잠금 시스템을 통해 공간 이동 게임에 보다 다양한 시나리오와 트릭이 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

ABSTRACT The growth of the social platform has led to a rapid increase in sustainable value cocreation activities with customers in order to know what a customer wants. In this study, we have studied about co-creation experience in social platform service. Previous prior studies have systematically classify co-creation between customer and enterprise as co-product and value-in-use, Conceptual factors. The co-creation and value-in-use factors theoretically derived from previous researches attempt to investigate the relationship between value co-creation experience and online service quality. We also tried to investigate the relationship between value co-creation experience and online service quality, customer equity, and online word of mouth. To do this, social platform services are divided into open sns and closed sns. Open SNS was targeted to Facebook, Twitter, and Pintrest users. Closed sns were targeted to Instagram, Cyworld, Band, and KakaoTalk users. In this study, it was confirmed that the relationship between online service quality, customer equity, and online word of mouth is significant through value co - creation experience. In the future, companies that design social platforms will be asked to do what they should do to co-create with customers, and provide suggestions for how to operate the platform in order to continuously activate value co-creative experiences.

Light is very important for plant growth and a major limiting factor in indoor plant cultivation, such as in balconies. This study was conducted to investigate the light intensity and lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) growth in an apartment balcony affected by the direction of balcony. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), air temperature, and relative humidity in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony were measured for a year. The lettuce was grown in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony. The time and amount of light entering into the balcony differed according to the direction of the balcony window. Whereas light entered into the east-facing balcony from sunrise to noon, it entered into the west-facing balcony afternoon before sunset. The temperature and humidity in the balcony also varied according to the direction of the balcony window. Daily Light Integral (DLI) in the south-facing balcony was 20~50% of outdoor and DLI in east- or west-facing balconies was 10~20%. Also, the environmental characteristics of the balconies were affected seasonally. In the spring (from March to May), the DLI was around 10 mol･m-2･day-1 and the average temperature was around 25°C. But the DLI was below 10 mol･m-2･day-1 and the average temperature and relative humidity were around 30°C and over 60%, respectively, in the summer (from June to August). In the balcony, the average temperature was maintained around 10°C even in winter, which is a condition of freezing outdoor. Growth of the lettuce in the south-facing balcony was better than that of the other directions. This is attributed to better environmental conditions of south-facing balcony. Therefore, considering the environmental characteristics of the balcony, selection and management of crops with relatively low light demand like leafy vegetables are required. It is also recommended to cultivate crops from autumn to spring.

To understand molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation of plant cells to saline stress and stress memory, we developed Arabidopsis callus suspension-cultured cells adapted to high salt. Adapted cells to high salt exhibited enhanced tolerance compared to control cells. Moreover, the salt tolerance of adapted cells was stably maintained even after the stress is relieved, indicating that the salt tolerance of adapted cells was memorized. Salt-adapted and stress memorized cells were densely aggregated and formed multi-layered cell lump. Cell morphology analysis using transmission electron microscopy indicated that cell wall thickness of salt-adapted cells was significantly induced compared to control cells. In order to characterize metabolic responses of plant cells during adaptation to high salt stress as well as stress memory, we compared metabolic profiles of salt-adapted and stress-memorized cells with control cells by using NMR spectroscopy. A principle component analysis showed clear metabolic discrimination among control, salt-adapted and stress-memorized cells. Compared with control cells, metabolites related to shikimate metabolism such as tyrosine, and flavonol glycosides, which are related to protective mechanism of plant against stresses were largely up-regulated in adapted cell lines. Moreover, coniferin, a precursor of lignin, was more abundant in salt-adapted cells than control cells. The results provide new insight into metabolic level mechanisms of plant adaptation to saline stress as well as stress memory.

To identify novel signaling components involved in regulation of plant responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation, we screened an Arabidopsis T-DNA activation tagging library for mutants with altered Pi-starvation responses. Here, we report the identification and characterization of novel activation-tagged mutant involved in Pi starvation signaling in Arabidopsis. The hpd (hypersensitive to Pi deficiency) mutant exhibits enhanced phosphate uptake and altered root architectural change under Pi starvation compared to wild type. Expression analysis of auxin-responsive DR5::GUS reporter gene in hpd mutant indicated that both auxin biosynthesis and auxin translocation under Pi starvation are suppressed in hpd mutant plants. Impaired auxin translocation in roots of hpd mutant was attributable to abnormal root architecture changes in Pi starvation conditions. Mis-regulation of auxin translocation in hpd mutant was further confirmed by analysis of expression patterns of auxin efflux carrier proteins, PIN-FORMED (PIN) 1, 2, and 3 fused with GFP. Not only expression levels but also expression domains of PIN proteins were altered in hpd mutant in response to Pi starvation. Molecular genetic analysis of hpd mutant revealed that the mutant phenotype is caused by the lesion in ENHANCED SILENCING PHENOTYPE4 (ESP4) gene whose function is proposed in mRNA 3’-end processing. The results propose that mRNA processing plays crucial roles in Pi homeostasis as well as developmental reprograming in response to Pi deprivation in Arabidopsis.

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a highly effective approach for studying genetically complex forms of plant shattering. With QTLs mapping, the shattering loci can be described. SSR marker is based on the imformation of Simple Sequence Repeat and easy to analyze using PCR and has high reproducibility. For analyzing QTLs associated with shattering, we selected 219 SSR markers from 254 SSR markers and used them for implementing Mapmaker(Ver. 3.0) and Mapchart(Ver. 2.2). Mapmaker help to calculate distances between each markers and Mapchart is a program for drawing Genetic map. This Genetic map of rice (Oryza sativa L.) covering 2082.4 cM with 9.5 cM between makers in the Kosambi function has been constructed using 120 F1 DH plants from a single cross between the indica variety Chungchung and the japonica variety Nagdong.