본 연구는 원통형 종이포트 토마토 육묘시 Diniconazole의 처리방법이 도장억제 및 근권발달에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과, 엽면적, LAR, 초장, 충실도, 생체중, RGR 및 R/S 에서 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 동일한 농도를 처리했을 경우, 근권부와 지상부의 흡수도 차이로 인해 저면관수가 엽면살포에 비해 도장억제에 효과적이었다. 저면관수는 엽면시비의 10분의 1의 농도만으로도, 20~30%정도의 동일한 도장억제 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 디니코나졸 처리에의한 근권부 반응이 흥미로웠는데, 저면관수시 총근장, 근권부피, 평균 근경 및 근단수가 증가하였다. 특히, 0.3mm 이하의 초미세근이 감소하고 0.3~0.6mm의 세근이 증가하였다. 따라서 원통형 종이포트 육묘시 저면관수를 하는 것이 기존 엽면시비에 비해 사용량이 적으면서도 도장억제 및 근권부 활착률을 높힐 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

To enhance mechanical properties through improvement of dispersion stability of carbon black (CB) in epoxy resins, fluorine functional groups were introduced on the CB surface by fluorination. The changes in the chemical properties and dispersion stabilities after fluorination were evaluated with different partial pressures of fluorine gas. The mechanical properties of the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites were evaluated by the test of tensile, impact strengths and creep behavior. The fluorinated CB/epoxy composites showed approximately 1.6 and 1.1 times enhancement in the tensile and impact strengths compared to that of neat epoxy, respectively. Moreover, when a constant load was applied at 323 K, the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites lasted longer and had smaller strain changes than those of the raw CB/epoxy composites. Thus, well-dispersed CB by fluorination in epoxy resins effectively transfers mechanical stress.

The term of culture industry was first presented by Adorno and Horkheimer. In the Culture Industry Theory, culture was explained as products of media (TV, Newspaper, Radio) and markets which were constantly adjusting consumption. And now the culture developed more industrialized in television dramas, movies, pop songs and their associated celebrities and their SNS, TV programs and fashion styles. The customer, especially Young Generation is involved in culture industry more widely, conveniently and closely, such as Web Series. The consumption of Web Series increased with multipliers especially the popular culture in Asia and Young Generation. Accompanied by developing rapidly, fierce competition happened in Web Series Industry. The purpose of this study is exploring what motivations drive Young Generation to Wen Series. This study will try to explore a measurement system of the equity of Web Series based on customer equity theory for estimating the future competitiveness and figure out what motivations drive customer’s perception of Web Series.

Certification labeling is a system which confirms the quality and appropriateness of pr oducts according to the standard set. It is usually evaluated by the third party to assure being reliability. Certification labeling can be used as one of the important sources of i nformation when consumers evaluate the products. Especially, certification labeling gi ves customers trust and confidence about products because the label can be the signali ng that the quality of the products is good. Although certification labeling influences p urchase decision making, many consumers do not trust the labels because of insufficie nt information of certification and distrust in the certifications. As consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about environment and wellbeing, manufacturers are turning a convention product into the production of a sustain able product. Sustainable certification can be environmental cues to evaluate a sustain able product based on the categorization inference. The aim of this research is the inte raction effect among sustainable cues on purchase intention. Consumers tend to perceive organic label of products as high-price. Thus, although they concern environment and well-being, they tend to purchase conventional products more than an organic product. In addition, an organic label can have a positive influence on perceived risk, and then perceived risk may affect purchase intention. However, the product with organic label including traceability may have a negative impact on perceived risk. Therefore, perceived risk can mediate the relationship between the interaction between organic label of products and traceability and purchase intention.

While the portion of manufacturing in the global economy has steadily decreased for past a few decades, that of the service sector has steadily increased. Manufacturing industry needs to have a more competitive strategy in a hyper-competitive environment. More recently, the concept of servitization based ICT has emerged, which is the strategy to increase effectiveness and efficiency of products or services. Servitization is defined as “the offer of integrated packages of products, services, support, self-service, and knowledge to add value to the company’s core business,” according to Vandemerwe and Rada (1988). Servitization is to add the new service function to the existing equipment or the hardware-oriented product in the aspect of a product. Productization is to complement the limitations such as intangibility, inseparability, perishability, variability in the element of service. The two concepts have been regarded as distinctive concepts. In recent years, however, these two ideas have been integrated into a single idea of servitization. Good-dominant logic is based on the idea that the product provides customers with the value which they desire. In the vein, manufacturing products is a productive activity that creates value and increases the wealth of the nation. Therefore, the service may be perceived as being less productive. Service-dominant logic, however, is not a value-in-exchange between a company and a customer but a value-in-use which means “the evaluation of the service experience (i.e., the individual judgment of the total of all the functional and emotional experience outcomes).” In service-dominant logic, service is shown as the means of innovation through systematic methodological procedures including organization, people, and information technology by knowledge. As the concept of customers became more and more important, the product needs to be integrated with service. The research on servitization is expanding to various similar concepts such as product-service system, service science, servicing, and so on. Most of the previous research is focused on service type classification at the strategic level or service at the enterprise level. Moreover, most of them are exploratory research. Despite the need for a deeper understanding of customer needs, the research on servitization in the light on customers is sparse. The purpose of this study is as follows: First, define the concept of servitization experience and develop a tool to measure the servitization experience. Second, in order to verify the construct validity of the servitization experience, we examined whether the servitization experience affects the outcome variables such as value, commitment, retention intention. In order to develop a measurement tool for the servitization experience, the following process was carried out. First, concept and questionnaire items were derived from related studies. Second, field expert interviews were conducted to verify questionnaire items. Third, interviews with academic experts were conducted to verify whether they could be used as actual questionnaire items. Fourth, the questionnaires were collected and the collected data were analyzed to verify the reliability and validity of the measurement tools. The sample for empirical analysis was college students in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 150 responded to the questionnaire. First, reliability analysis and validity analysis were conducted to refine the questionnaire items. Structural equation modeling was performed using the refined Servitization experience questionnaire and a model was constructed using the servitization experience as an exogenous variable, with value, commitment, and retention intention as endogenous variables. As a result of the empirical analysis, it is confirmed that the sub - factors of servitization experience consist of four types of integrated product and service, customized servitization, relational servitization and playful servitization. Reliability and validity were satisfied. Through this study, we can contribute to the empirical study of servitization by developing a scale to measure servitization experience. Thus, the purposes of this study are to identify the servitization experience factors that companies should consider in marketing strategy, to grasp the relationship between servitization and customer retention.

The frequent accidents of workplace in Korea make workers consider their more than before. This research aims to investigate the effect of safety climate on safety behavio rs and job satisfaction based on the mediational model to drive proactive and complia nce safety behaviors. The conceptual model of safety behaviors focuses on company’s safety behaviors perceived by workers. The model explains how organizational safety climate affect safety outcomes, compliance safety behaviors and proactive safety behaviors, through the mechanism of situational related factors and personal related factors. In this study, it is proposed that safety knowledge of workers and communication styles moderate the effect of safety climate on compliance safety behaviors and proactive safety behaviors. The data were collected by Korean workers using survey and analyzed by AMOS 22.0.

Mobile shopping motivations affects the interaction between mobile shoppers and mobile retailers. This study examines how mobile shopping motivations affect value co-creation, customer equity drivers, and customer lifetime value through a structural equation model. Mobile shopping motivations as mobile shoppers’ needs are time saving, right purchase and money saving. To meet mobile shoppers’ needs, mobile shoppers, mobile retailers, and other customers are willing to collaborate. Value co-creation that Yi and Gong (2013) scaled includes customer participation behaviour such as information seeking, information sharing, responsible behaviour, and personal interaction, and customer citizenship behaviour such as feedback, helping, advocacy, and tolerance. The results indicate that mobile shopping motivations are significant determinants of value co-creation behaviours, implying that mobile shopping motivations are driving factors of value co-creation. Customer participation behaviour has significant effects on value equity and brand equity while customer citizenship behaviour shows positive effects on brand equity and relationship. As for customer lifetime value, relationship equity has significant positive effect, while value and brand equity had no significant influence. This study also shows that mobile shopping motivations affect both value equity and relationship equity of mobile shopping apps by improving information sharing, responsible behaviour, and personal interaction, feedback, helping, and advocacy. Value equity and relationship equity also have significant effects on customer lifetime value. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications for their findings.

The relationship of parasocial Interaction is one of the important contents of marketing research in recent years. With the rise of internet economy in the world, more and more enterprises' marketing practices are involved in the marketing process of SNS based on social networks. The interaction between medium and audiences has broken through the non-face-to-face one-way communication mode and forms a twoway communication mode of the relationship of parasocial Interaction in the SNS environment. Based on the signaling theory and the social exchange theory, this dissertation clarifies the driving factors and mechanism between Fashion web celebrity and attributes and relationship of parasocial interaction through the literature review, In the South China, Middle and North China, there were N audiences who used SNS experience as survey target to conduct a survey. And analyzed these data with SEM software. The research found that between Fashion web Fashion web celebrity and attributes and SNS participation motivation show a positive correlation with relationship of parasocial interaction, and there is a positive correlation between relationship of parasocial interaction and identification, relationship of parasocial interaction and identification have positive correlation with customer equity. E-WOM on customer asset-driven process has a clear intermediary role in the relationship of parasocial Interaction. This not only enriches and develops the existing research results of relationship of parasocial Interaction, but also provides guidance for enterprises to manage relationship of parasocial interactions. In addition, it also provides valuable theoretical guidance for enterprises to promote SNS marketing management practices.

The effect of the ionization energy on the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens, pupa was investigated as the hatching rate, longevity and detoxification enzyme activity. The longevity of adult emerging in the pupa decreased depending on the exposure dose of Gray (Gy) in Cx. pipiens. The hatching rate of the F1 generation egg derived from Cx. pipiens pupa treated up to 70 Gy did not show any difference with the control, but the eggs did not hatch 100% at 120 Gy exposure. These results showed that Cx. pipiens was sterilized at 120 Gy. Several detoxifying enzyme (GST, non-specific esterase and MFO) activity of Cx. pipiens adult emerged from pupa irradiated with 120 Gy was investigated. The difference in activity was observed in female than in male irradiated with electron beam. As a result, electron beam irradiation seems to affect enzyme activity as well as induce infertility of Cx. pipiens.

The present study evaluated the susceptibility of field populations of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua larvae to four diamide insecticides—chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, and flubendiamide. All the four diamide insecticides induced 100% mortality in the populations from Seongju (SJ) and Geochang (GC) when treated at a concentration recommended for P. xylostella. However, a very low insecticidal activity was observed in the population from Pyeongchang (PC) with 42.3% 3 d after treatment with chlorantraniliprole. Further, the populations of S. exigua from Cheongju (CJ), Jindo (JD), and Yeonggwang (YG) were not completely controlled by the 4 diamide insecticides. A comparison of susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to chlorantraniliprole between 2014 and 2017 showed that chlorantraniliprole induced 100% mortality in all populations in 2014, whereas a very low insecticidal activity was observed among the populations in 2017. This study can serve as a basis to control pests effectively using diamide insecticides.

The susceptibility of the Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa was evaluated using 46 commercial insecticides. There were 10 kinds of insecticides as benfuracarb, chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, spinosad, abamectin + chlorfenapyr, abamectin + emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr + clothianidin, chlorfenapyr + imidacloprid, clothianidin + spinetoram and dinotefuran + spinetoram, which showed more than 90% mortality against both thrips, F. occidentalis and F. intonsa. Since the F. intonsa is more susceptible than F. occidentalis, it is considered that both thrips can be controlled by insecticides that show insecticidal activity on the F. occidentalis. The effect by the elapsed time after treatment of 10 kinds of insecticides was analyzed as LT50 and LT95 values. Benfuracarb was the fastest in 4.3 h (LT50) and 14 h (LT95), and spinetoram showed the most late time at 13.5 h (LT50) and 62.3 h (LT95), respectively.

Since 2008 to 2014 the operating margins of Chinese traditional retail industry went a sustained downward. Instead, the operating margins of online-store have been the sudden explosion. In this case which online-store sale the same products with traditional market, my research try to find out how to improve the state of traditional market since 92.5% practitioners of retail industry are doing their business in traditional market. Customer equity can estimate customer lifetime value for the company (Rust et al, 2004). The firm can make proper marketing strategy with customer equity. Customer equity can both satisfy consumers and make a profit for the company (Lemon et al., 2001).So we built a model to connect service quality and customer equity to study how to prove the competitive power of traditional market. In this paper we used customer satisfaction and brand attitude as mediating variables since Store brands have become an important contributor to retail differentiation and basis for building store loyalty (Dodd and Lindley, 2003) and in retail market customer equity varies with customer satisfaction( Pappu and Quester 2006). Considering that Chinese economic growth rate was slowing down, traditional market is being a priority for Chinese Government to relieve severe export pressure and employment pressure. In this research we would like to study the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction and brand attitude and how they influence customer equity in traditional markets. For this purpose we built a model which composed by service quality, satisfaction brand attitude and customer equity and tested it. The survey was collected from traditional markets in China and South Korea and the data was analyzed by AMOS and SPSS.