국내 유통 중인 콜라겐 제품 120건을 대상으로 중금속 4종(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 함량에 대해 조사하였다. 수 은은 금아말감화법을 이용한 수은분석기로 분석하였고 납, 카드뮴, 비소는 ICP-OES를 이용하여 분석하였다. 검사 결 과 납의 평균 함량은 0.097±0.055 mg/kg이었고 건강기능 식품, 기타가공품, 음료류, 과·채가공품에서 각각 평균 0.108±0.052mg/kg, 0.084±0.053 mg/kg, 0.131±0.047 mg/ kg, 0.149 mg/kg 농도로 검출되었다. 카드뮴의 평균 함량 은 0.026±0.011 mg/kg이었으며 검출된 제품은 모두 건강 기능식품이었다. 비소의 평균 함량은 0.097±0.048 mg/kg 이었고 건강기능식품, 기타가공품, 과·채가공품에서 각각 평균 0.091±0.055 mg/kg, 0.133 mg/kg, 0.086 mg/kg 농도 로 검출되었다. 수은의 평균 함량은 0.0025±0.0016 mg/kg 으로 건강기능식품, 기타가공품, 과·채가공품, 캔디류에서 각각 평균 0.0012 mg/kg, 0.0028±0.0018 mg/kg, 0.0013 mg/kg, 0.0031 mg/kg 농도로 검출되었다. 중금속 기준·규 격이 있는 음료류(납 0.3 mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.1 mg/kg) 및 캔 디류(납 0.2 mg/kg)는 모두 기준 이하로 검출되어 적합하 였다. 기준·규격이 없는 제품도 국내외 식품의 중금속 기 준과 보고된 식품 중금속 함량과 비교하였을 때 비교적 안전한 수준이라고 판단되었다.

경기도에서 유통되고 있는 건조수산물 95건에 대하여 유해중금속인 납, 카드뮴, 수은 및 미량영양소인 셀레늄 함량을 조사하였다. 금아말감법의 수은분석기, 유도결합플 라즈마 질량분석기를 사용하여 측정하였으며, 각 항목별 평균함량은 납 0.062±0.071(0.002-0.428) mg/kg[평균값±표 준편차(최소값-최대값) mg/kg], 카드뮴 0.083±0.100(0.004- 0.540) mg/kg, 수은 0.012±0.012(N.D-0.054) mg/kg, 셀레 늄 0.839±0.371(0.362-2.124) mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 유해 중금속인 납, 카드뮴, 수은 모두 기준규격 이하로 나타났다. 멸치 크기에 따른 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량은 수은이 대멸치에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 셀레늄은 잔멸치와 대멸치의 크기에 따른 유의적인 함량 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 새우 종류에 따른 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량을 비교한 결과 보리새우가 납, 카드뮴, 수은에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 대멸치, 밴댕이의 부위별 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량은 내장부위가 가장 높았고, 새우는 머리부위가 중금속 및 셀레늄 함량이 높게 나타났다. 건조수산물을 통해 섭취하는 수은, 카드뮴의 주간 및 월간섭취량은 JECFA에서 설정한 PTW(M)I의 0.712%와 2.978%로 조사된 건조수산물 내 중금속 함량은 안전한 농도수준으로 판단된다.

Oversized fashion is again in the spotlight due to the influence of retro fashion. This has created new fashion trends with methods different from those of the past. This analysis examines recent trends by sorting these looks according to new and different methods of judging their appearance. A new categorization of the oversized look and its configurations has been created, one which separates “big” looks, partial changes, and layered looks. This research was based on historical review and previous studies. Three thousand one hundred thirty-six photos of oversized looks that have appeared in collections over the past five years were gathered, and their appearance was categorized according to type. The categorization results showed that big looks (55.1%) were most prevalent, followed by partial alterations (36.35%), and layered looks (8.45%). In comparison to prior oversized clothing production, new permutations of the “Big” look expanded the silhouettes of torso, shoulders, neckline and collar. Partial changes have expanded from the broadened shoulders of the 1980s. Today these styles expand the shoulders and armholes vertically or horizontally, which dramatically exaggerates the sleeves and collar. The layered look no longer simply features overlapping layers but takes the form of over-layering through cuts and insertions. Through such analysis it is clear that modern oversized looks break away from the simple expanded forms and production methods of the past. They now attempt to realize an exaggerated beauty of form regarding each clothing component and also maximize decorative effects through innovative drafting or sewing methods.

Excellent plastic moldings is possible through optimization of many molding parameters. In particular, the deformation of a plastic part is affected by various factors during molding. Therefore, it is very important to select the optimum molding conditions that minimize the deformation of the molded part. Experimental design is used to select optimal molding conditions. In this study, the molding conditions were selected to minimize the deformation of the electric plastic plug of the electric vehicle using the Taguchi method in the experimental design method. Using the Taguchi Method, we found that the deformation of the plug moldings was reduced by about 7.2% compared to before optimization.

The use of microwave-assisted extraction and an acid-base clean-up process to determine the amount of methylmercury (MeHg) in marine products was suggested in order to improve the complicated sample preparation process. The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction was developed by using a 10% NaCl solution as an extraction solution, setting the extraction temperature at 50℃, and holding for 15 minutes to extract the MeHg in marine products. A NaOH solution was selected as a clean-up substitute instead of L-cysteine solution. Overall, 670 samples of marine products were analyzed for total mercury (Hg). Detection levels were in the range of 0.0006~0.3801 μg/kg. MeHg was analyzed and compared using the current food code and the proposed method for 49 samples which contained above 0.1 mg/kg of Hg. Detection ranges of methylmercury followed by the Korea Food Code and the proposed method were 75.25 (ND~516.93) μg/kg and 142.07 (100.14~244.55) μg/kg, respectively. The total analytical time of proposed method was reduced by more than 25% compared with the current food code method.

Developments in the recent media era has made distortion possible in accordance with changes in the fashion industry as new clothing, technologies, and fusions have become available. Nevertheless, previous studies of specific types of clothing, and their classification for the purpose of research are lacking. Thus, this study examines the development of the Pomme de look and the form of modern variant that appears in fashion clothing and new technologies, and largely examines the clothing case to clean it up. The method employed is leading research that examines the transformation about the concept of the Pomme de look with regard to the fashion about the type of look in the 2000s and onwards. This is organized in accordance with the analytical and physical characteristics, and the esthetic aspects of the results are as follows. The conclusions reached as follows are based on this; first, the physical characteristic manner when based on previous looks, the two-dimensional deformation for making clothes, if there was a simple way, now has more dimensions. Clothes are made in a complex manner and variations emerge. Second, esthetic characteristics strive for beauty while also displaying the modified and more complex manners of clothing that are emerging. Third, the fusion clothing with machines effects to physical and psychological changes through the details about how the sensor is worn. The enemy, the appearance of distortion, and clothing are emerging. This is expected to grow further based on the rapid development of new technologies and the transformation of Pomme de look and design will appear in more varied ways to create a convergence.

본 연구에서는 경기도 내 유통되고 있는 다소비 생선류 100건을 대상으로 납, 수은(메틸수은 포함), 카드뮴의 오염도 및 셀레늄의 함량을 알아보았다. 금아말감법의 수은 분석기, ICP-MS, GC-ECD를 사용하여 측정하였으며 각 항목별 평균함량은 Pb 0.0915(0.0021-0.4490) mg/kg, Cd 0.0084(ND-0.1773) mg/kg, Hg 0.0412(0.0013-0.3032) mg/kg 으로 모두 기준규격 이하로 나타났다. 셀레늄은 수은과 결 합하여 수은의 독성을 감소시키는 것으로 알려져 있는데 본 연구에서 조사된 생선류에서는 셀레늄의 평균함량이 0.4044(0.1981-1.0227) mg/kg이었다. 규격 외 항목인 메틸 수은은 100건 중 갈치와 대구 2개 시료에서 각각 0.0677 mg/ kg, 0.2941 mg/kg로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다소비 생선류를 통한 납, 수은 및 카드뮴의 총 섭취량은 JECFA에서 설정한 PTWI 및 PTMI의 0.97%, 3.42% 및 0.45%로 조사되었다. 따라서 도내에서 유통되는 생선류의 섭취는 납, 수은, 카드뮴 등의 위해에서 안전하다고 판단된다.

This study aims to suggest the proper ease for slim-fit jackets according to the number of buttons from a one-button jacket to four-button jackets for men in their 30’s. The researchers carried out both an appearance evaluation and movement functionality evaluation. The results are as follows: When conducting the appearance evaluations, meaningful differences were found. The one-button jacket showed high scores for the 7.5 cm ease. The two-button jacket and the three-button jacket showed high scores for the 10.5 cm ease. The four-button jacket showed a high score for the 13.5 cm ease. Next, the results of the movement functionality evaluation showed the same trend; as the ease was increased from 7.5 cm to 13.5 cm, the scores increased. This is because if the garments offer more ease, this gives room for actions. Additionally, it showed that if there were fewer jacket buttons, then the results showed a high score. The researchers believe that if the number of jacket buttons is lower, then the area of the V-zone increases, so that there is more room for movement. The study suggests a proper chest ease of 7.5 cm for the one-button jacket, 10.5 cm for the two-button jacket and three-button jacket, and 13.5 cm for the four-button jacket, respectively.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antagonistic effects of water extracts of Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis P.) root on the natriuretic peptide receptor system in the rat kidney. By using in vitro receptor autoradiography, specific 125I-atrial natriuretic peptide (125I-ANP) binding sites were localized in glomerulus, inner medulla, intrarenal artery, vasa recta bundle, and renal pelvis of Sprague Dawley rat kidney. These specific bindings were competitively displaced by water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root in a dose dependent manner. Also, productions of 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by activation of particulate guanylyl cyclase (GC) were stimulated by ANP in the glomerular and inner medullary membranes from rat kidney. These cGMP productions were inhibited by water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root on activation of GC was more potent rather than on 125I-ANP bindings to these renal structures. From affinity cross-linking study, the water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root inhibited the 125I-ANP labeling of GC-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor from renal glomerulus. Intravenous infusion of ANP elicits a potent diuresis, and urinary sodium and chloride excretions in New Zealand White rabbit. The pre-treatment of intravenous water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root infusion decreased competitively various renal effects of ANP with out changes in systemic hemodynamics. These results indicate that the water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root specifically inhibits the GC-coupled natriuretic peptide receptor subtypes (NPR-A), and suggest that the water extracts of Chinese gooseberry root may contain an antagonistic molecule regulating the biological functions of ANP system in the kidney and other organs.

The tap water is generally known to be corrosive in the pH range at 6.5 ~ 7.5. And the degree of corrosion varies depending on the types of raw water such as river surface water or lake water of the dam. Although several corrosion index represents the corrosivity of tap water, the typical corrosion indexes such as Langelier saturation index (LI) and calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) were calculated to monitoring the corrosive water quality about raw and tap water in water distribution system. To control the corrosive water quality, the correlation between corrosion index and water quality factors were examined. In this study, corrosion index (LI, CCPP) and the pH was found to be most highly correlated.

This study accessed the adsorption characteristics of the 9 trihalomethanes (THMs) on coal-based granular activated carbon (GAC). The breakthrough appeared first for CHCl3 and sequentially for CHBr2Cl, CHBr3, CHCl2I, CHBrClI, CHBr2I, CHClI2, CHBrI2, and CHI3. The maximum adsorption capacity (X/M) for the 9 THMs with apparent breakthrough points ranged from 1,175 μg/g (for CHCl3) to 11,087 μg/g (for CHI3). Carbon usage rate (CUR) for CHCl3 was 0.149 g/day, 5.5 times higher than for CHI3 (0.027 g/day).

The aims of this study were to investigate and confirm the occurrence and distribution patterns of blood lipid lower agents (BLLAs) in Nakdong river basin (mainstream and its tributaries). 4 (atorvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin and simvastatin) out of 5 statins and 2 (clofibric acid and zemfibrozil) out of 3 fibrates were detected in 29 sampling sites and simvastatin (>50%) was predominant compound followed by atorvastatin, lovastatin and clofibric acid. The total concentration levels of BLLAs on April, August and November 2009 in surface water samples ranged from ND∼25.7 ng/L, ND∼18.8 and ND to 38.8 ng/L, respectively. The highest concentration level of BLLAs in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jincheon-cheon, respectively. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) along the river affect the BLLAs levels in river and the BLLAs levels decreased with downstream because of dilution effects.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) is a new persistent organic pollutants of substantial environmental concern. This study investigated the potential of magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEXⓇ) as the adsorbent for the removal of PFOA and PFOS from Nakdong River water. In our batch experiments, we studied the effect of some parameters (pH, temperature, sulfate concentration) on the removal of PFOA and PFOS. The results of sorption kinetics on MIEXⓇ show that it takes 90 min to reach equilibrium but the economical contact time and dosage were 30 min and 10 mL/L. An increase in pH (pH 6∼10) leads to a decrease in PFOA (2.0%) and PFOS (3.6%) sorption on MIEXⓇ. The sorption of both PFOA and PFOS decreases with an increase in ionic strength for sulfate ion (SO4 2-), due to the competition phenomenon. An increase in water temperature (8℃∼28℃) in water leads to a increase in PFOA (2.8%) and PFOS (4.3%) sorption on MIEXⓇ. Based on the sorption behaviors and characteristics of the adsorbents and adsorbates, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were deduced to be involved in the sorption, and hemi-micelles possibly formed in the intraparticle pores.

This study was carried out to develop expressed sequence tag-Simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers of brown plant hopper resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar ‘Cheongcheong’ and sensitive rice cultivar ‘Nakdong’. Total RNA extracted from the leaves of ‘Cheongcheong’ and ‘Nakdong’ were used to synthesize a cDNA library. As a result of analyzing the cDNA library, EST-SSR sites were found and the EST-SSR primer sets were developed. This study enables to provide effective marker assisted selection (MAS) methods on the selection of white-backed planthopper resistance gene originated from a rice cultivar more simply, quickly and precisely. Furthermore, using this marker’s advantage of deriving from cDNA, it is possible to identity the white-backed planthopper resistance gene.