This article critically assesses the role of the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) in enforcing International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The ICC was designed to ensure accountability for severe IHL violations. However, its operational capacity faces significant challenges, particularly its reliance on state cooperation for enforcement and political resistance. This article explores the Court’s jurisdiction, the principle of complementarity, and its investigative processes while analyzing resistance from nonsignatory states such as the US, China, and Russia. The US sanctions against the ICC especially with President Trump’s executive order of February 6, 2025, will exemplify the ongoing tension between state sovereignty and international accountability. Additionally, the article highlights issues within the Rome Statute, including ambiguities regarding state cooperation, jurisdiction, and immunity, which affect the Court’s efficacy. Despite some successes in prosecuting high-profile leaders, the ICC’s credibility remains a matter of debate due to its limited enforcement, inconsistent state support, and continued political resistance.

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L,. var. cerasiforme Mill.) is small fruits with a bright red color resembling a cherry and having an excellent taste, sweet and juicy ambience. So far, no cherry tomato variety was registered in Ethiopia. Consequently, six genotypes were imported from National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Sciences (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) Republic of Korea, and field experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications at six Ethiopian testing sites, with irrigation, during off-seasons of 2021 and 2022 to identify high yielding, well adapted and good quality varieties. The overall analysis of variance across locations and years showed non-significant difference among the genotypes for marketable and total yields. But separate analysis for each site has revealed significant differences among genotypes at Melkassa, Koka, Adami- Tulu and Fogera, unlike that of Kulumsa and Woramit. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among these genotypes for fruit numbers per plant, average fruit weight, fruits per cluster, plant height, skin thickness, juice volume and total soluble solid. Wonhong No.3 gave higher marketable (24.49 t/ha) and total (26.19 t/ha) yields, and generally Wonhong Nos.3 and 5 had higher yields and good qualities across these tested locations and years. Hence, Wonhong No.3 (designated as Jorgie-1) was registered for its higher yield, non-cracking, good TSS and color, while Wonhong No.5 (renamed as Jorgie-2) was preferred for its smaller fruit size, reasonable yield and quality (TSS, color, non-cracking). Hence, both varieties were officially registered in 2023 season for commercial production in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia, and they are believed to add more economic and nutritional values for the tomato producers and the consumers. They can also support the intensification of tomato cultivation in peri-urban and urban agriculture, where demands and thus government focus are increasingly growing.

This study investigates the strategies that teachers employ when presenting the meaning and form of a novel English word to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This case study observed and interviewed three teachers who taught five ASD students with diverse characteristics and varying language proficiency. Thematic analysis was conducted by integrating a top-down approach, based on the vocabulary teaching strategies commonly used with typically developing students, and a bottom-up approach, based on the emerging data. The results indicate that, similar to their typically developing peers, the meaning and form of the new English word were introduced by connecting to the first language, providing first language definitions, relating to real objects and phenomena, encouraging students’ active participation through elicitation, and conducting oral drills and word spelling. However, unlike typically developing students, the teachers presented English vocabulary to ASD students while making an effort to capture their attention and engagement in the learning process. This study offers suggestions for teachers and recommendations for future research.

With the continuing advances in technology, electrical energy storage has become increasingly important. Among storage devices supercapacitors’ distinct qualities, such as a long lifespan, quick charge/discharge speeds, and high-power density, make them viable substitutes for traditional batteries. In this study a simple hydrothermal method was used to synthesize a h-MoO3/graphene oxide (GO) composite for such applications. The crystal structure, morphology, and chemical bonding were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure, and no changes were observed after GO incorporation. The FESEM images revealed that the nanosheets of GO and hexagonal rods MoO3 were well coupled with the GO sheets. The electrochemical properties of the pure h-MoO3 and h-MoO3/GO composites were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The nanocomposite electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 134 Fg-1 at a current density of 3 mA/cm-2, an energy density of 26.8 Wh/kg-1, and power density of 560 W/kg-1 in an aqueous acidic electrolyte 1 M H2SO4, which is notably higher than that of pure MoO3. This indicates the promising electrochemical performance of MoO3/GO composite for supercapacitor applications. The enhanced capacitive performance may have resulted from the decrease in the charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from the Nyquist plot. Furthermore, the composite material exhibited stability and a capacitive retention of 76 % after 1,000 cycles. This confirms the benefits of incorporating GO to enhance material retention for better long-term results. The results of this study demonstrate its potential to advance energy storage technology. Maintaining the hexagonal crystal structure of h-MoO3 while incorporating GO improves the composite’s structural stability, an important factor for reliable long-term use. Moreover, the observed reduction in crystallite size due to the presence of GO suggests improved electrochemical performance.