The first checklist of the Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) is presented based on literature records and specimens collected from Korean peninsula. The total of 19 species belonging to seven genera were catalogued. All recorded genus Cyphon species from Korean peninsula are transferred to genus Contacyphon by Zwick et al., 2013: Contacyphon coreanicus Klausnitzer, 1975, C. consobrinus Nyholm, 1949, C. laevipennis, C. padi (Linnaeus, 1758), C. palustris Thomson, 1855. Of these C. padi (Linnaeus), Hydrocyphon nakanei Yoshitomi, 2001, H. satoi Yoshitomi, 2001, Odeles inornata (Lewis, 1895), and Scirtes sobrinus Lewis, 1895 are recorded for the first time in South Korea. Photographs of dorsal adults and line drawings of diagnostic characters of new recorded Scirtids are provided. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201801201).

최근 해충방제를 위해 유인헬기와 무인헬기를 이용한 수도작, 과수, 산림 등에서 대면적으로 약제살포가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 헬기는 비교적 높은 고도에서 비행하면서 약제를 살포하여 살포여건에 따라 약제가 목적이외의 지역으로 표류하여 부작용을 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 소나무림의 소나무재선충 매개충과 밤나무림의 종실해충 방제지를 대상으로 유인헬기(소형, 대형)와 무인헬기(드론)의 약제살포 입자의 비산양상을 조사하고 다른 한편으로는 유·무인 헬기를 이용한 약제살포 실연을 통해 입자의 비산 양상을 조사하였다. 방제 실행지 조사에서 유인헬기(대형)의 경우 약제 입자의 최대 비산거리는 100 m였으며, 무인헬기(드론)의 경우 비산거리 30 m인 것으로 나타났다. 유무인 헬기를 이용한 실연 조사에 있어서도 약제입자의 최대 비산거리는 소형헬기의 경우 30 m, 대형헬기의 경우에는 100 m였으며, 드론의 경우에는 30 m로 나타났다. 동일한 조건에서 약제입자는 특정방향으로 비산되는 경향을 보여 풍향의 영향이 크게 미치는 것으로 판단되며 동일한 살포기종에 있어서 조사 시기에 따라 비산거리에 차이를 보이는 것은 약제살포 시간대의 풍속이 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

2018년 현재까지 농림축산검역본부 호남지역본부로 수입된 식물은 220종 17,030건으로 우드펠렛(18%), 주정박(8%), 페스큐 건초(8%), 알파파건초(8%), 귀리건초(6%), 혼합건초(5%), 티모시건초(5%), 라이그래스건초(5%), 목화씨(사료용)(4%), 소나무원목(3%) 등의 순이다. 이와 같이 호남지역은 비재식 사료류(건초 등) 수입비중이 높으며 이는 전국 수입 건수의 약 67%에 달한다. 검역해충은 795건 검출되었으며 이 중 관리해충 294건, 잠정규제해충 146건, 비검역해충 307건 등이다. 관리해충 중 Carpophilus obsoletus가 210건(72%), 잠정규제해충 중 Cryptoletes ferrugineus가 56건(39%)으로 높은 검출율을 보였다. 또한 호남지역으로 수입 된 재식용 구근류는 생강 및 생강구근, 마늘구근이며 전국 수입 건수의 약 42%를 차지한다. 수입 된 생강 및 생강구근 91건 중 37건에서 해충(선충)을 발견하였고 Meloidogyne sp.(잠정규제해충) 검출로 9건이 폐기·반송되었다. 수입된 마늘구근 34건 중 29건에서 해충을 발견하였고 Carpophilus obsoletus(관리해충) 18건, Cryptoletes ferrugineus(잠정규제해충) 11건이 검출되어 소독하였다.

Resveratrol (3,4',5,-trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin present in grapes, exerts a variety of actions to reduce superoxides, prevents diabetes mellitus, and inhibits inflammation. Resveratrol acts as a chemo-preventive agent and induces apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells. However, the role of resveratrol in odontoblastic cell differentiation is unclear. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on regulating odontoblast differentiation was examined in MDPC-23 mouse odontoblastic cells derived from mouse dental papilla cells. Resveratrol significantly accelerated mineralization as compared with the control culture in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly increased expression of ALP mRNA as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly accelerated expression of ColⅠmRNA as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Resveratrol significantly increased expressions of DSPP and DMP-1 mRNAs as compared with the control in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells. Treatment of resveratrol did not significantly affect cell proliferation in MDPC-23 cells. Results suggest resveratrol facilitates odontoblast differentiation and mineralization in differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, and may have potential properties for development and clinical application of dentin regeneration materials.

Augmented reality (AR) generates a enhanced and augmented reality by coupling virtual and real worlds. AR facilitates primary features: a permutation of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction and an exact 3D process of virtual and real objects. AR offers a new level of interaction between their products and consumers by engaging them in a totally new environment. This study identifies the current state of AR marketing and future research directions. Concentrated on the marketing value of AR, the study enlightens the concept of AR marketing value, the role of value sharing, and opportunities and challenges creating customer value in the AR platforms.

The worldwide PMA pavement is steadily increasing. Unlike straight asphalt at the specified temperature of the performance grade, PMA has little increase in complex modulus after RFTO. Even after satisfying the complex modulus of the original binder, the complex modulus after the RTFO does not satisfy the grade, so that the SBS may be over-prescribed. Unlike straight asphalt, PMA investigated the reason that the complex modulus did not increase after RTFO in this study. SBS consists of a styrene domain and a butadiene matrix. The morphology of SBS in PMA is not clear. The PMA was heat - treated to induce the formation of styrene domain and PG evaluation was carried out. As a result, we confirmed that the formation of styrene domain with aging effect changed the complex modulus after RTFO.

Individual safety is a fundamental concern. People generally try to avoid danger or mishaps in the workplace, and to consider safety as a primary condition for satisfactory employment and agreeable shopping experiences. Organizations can assure that workers, clients, the public, and the environment perceive that they are in safe environments by providing highly secure services. Secure working environments and safety-focused human resource environments are essential antecedents to safe performance and outcomes. Dangerous workplace environments cause employees to feel stress and anxiety. Thus their performance decreases and accidents and injuries increase. Workplace safety is the most important factor influencing service and performance, especially for allowing frontline salespersons to focus on providing customer satisfaction. In this study of workplace safety, we apply the service quality dimension to examine its relationship with employee perceptions of job satisfaction and their related job performance. We discuss theoretical and practical implications based on the results.

We present a BV I optical photometric study of the old open cluster Ruprecht 6 using the data obtained with the SMARTS 1.0 m telescope at the CTIO, Chile. Its color-magnitude diagrams show the clear existence of the main-sequence stars, whose turn-o point is located around V  18:45 mag and B - V  0:85 mag. Three red clump (RC) stars are identied at V = 16:00 mag, I = 14:41 mag and B - V = 1:35 mag. From the mean Ks-band magnitude of RC stars (Ks = 12:39  0:21 mag) in Ruprecht 6 from 2MASS photometry and the known absolute magnitudes of the RC stars (MKS = - :595  0:025 mag), we obtain the distance modulus to Ruprecht 6 of (m -M)0 = 13:84  0:21 mag (d = 5:86  0:60 kpc). From the (J - Ks) and (B - V ) colors of the RC stars, comparison of the (B - V ) and (V - I) colors of the bright stars in Ruprecht 6 with those of the intrinsic colors of dwarf and giant stars, and the PARSEC isochrone ttings, we derive the reddening values of E(B - V ) = 0:42 mag and E(V - I) = 0:60 mag. Using the PARSEC isochrone ttings onto the color-magnitude diagrams, we estimate the age and metallicity to be: log(t) = 9:50  0:10 (t = 3:16  0:82 Gyr) and [Fe/H] = -0:42  0:04 dex. We present the Galactocentric radial metallicity gradient analysis for old (age > 1 Gyr) open clusters of the Dias et al. catalog, which likely follow a single relation of [Fe/H] = (-0:034  0:007)RGC + (0:190  0:080) (rms = 0.201) for the whole radial range or a dual relation of [Fe/H] = (-0:077  0:017)RGC + (0:609  0:161) (rms = 0.152) and constant ([Fe/H]  -0:3 dex) value, inside and outside of RGC  12 kpc, respectively. The metallicity and Galactocentric radius (13:28  0:54 kpc) of Ruprecht 6 obtained in this study seem to be consistent with both of the relations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypobarichypoxic training program on competitive performance. This was done by observing their conditioning and measuring their blood constituents before and after a multi-staged intermittent training program, over 2 weeks. Three national handicapped cyclists were placed in a multi-leveled hypobaric-hypoxic (flat–4000 meter (m) high elevation) environment with consistent temperature and humidity (23 ± 2℃, 50 ± 5%) for 2 weeks. After the training, the blood constituents and average heart rate (HR) were measured and the following results were obtained. In all three athletes, there were no unique changes in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, while there was a rise in the reticulocyte count. Observations of the difference in average HR during exercise at varying altitudes showed that athlete A had an average increase in the HR for the first 5 days at 2000 m. For athlete B, the comparison of the first and last training sessions at an altitude of 2000 m showed an HR increase of approximately 17%. For athlete C, there was a steady increase in the HR until day 7 of the training. As such, hypobarichypoxic training suggested that improvement of aerobic exercise performance in these athletes and it is recommended that there be a development for future training programs at high altitude, geared towards handicapped athletes of various disciplines.

This study investigated the effects of indirectly applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) to the scapular adductor muscles of stroke patients on their scapular movements and walking ability. Five patients who were diagnosed with stroke participated in this study as a single group. PNF patterns were applied to the scapulae anterior elevation and posterior depression patterns and upper limbs patterns of the patients in side lying and sitting positions together. The data were analyzed with a paired t-test in order to identify within-group differences in the measurements before and after the intervention. The scapular movements of the upper and lower parts, weight bearing and walking speed were significantly improved in the stroke patients after the application of PNF (p<0.05). These results suggest that PNF training effective in improving the scapular movements and walking ability in patients with stroke.

Composite resins are developed as restorative materials to improve esthetics and mechanical properties. To improve the physical properties of resin material, resin filler have to be added. However, no imaging method is adopted for resin filler distribution. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a optical imaging technique to delineate microscopic structures within biological tissue. The OCT application to dental composites resin and its filler is not described yet. So, this new and advanced optical method is needed for clinical application for evaluation of dental composite resin. To analyze the spatial distribution of dental composite resin and to evaluate the resin restoration in cavity, frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) was used for their analysis. Resin restored tooth was prepared. For morphological observation, serially sectioned teeth, conventional X-ray taking and micro computed-tomography (CT) images were compared with OCT images. The experiment has done to evaluate the success of the resin restoration using 3 dimensional structure OCT image. In this research, OCT is evaluated as a new technique to image resin restoration. The evaluation of resin restored tooth was performed by OCT. Inappropriate restoration such as marginal adaptation, large porosities, internal integrity and poor contour could be detected. Resin filler also could be checked by OCT. The distribution, number, regularity and size of resin filler can be differentiated from several commercial products. Considering the characteristics of the OCT, it can be used to evaluate the defects of resin restoration, resin filler distribution, and internal integrity between resin material and tooth structure. The OCT can be considered to be a new and advanced method for the evaluation of resin restorations.

촉진수송은 기존의 고분자 막에서는 힘든, 투과도와 선택도를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 기술 중 한 가지이다. 촉진 수송 분리막을 이용한 올레핀/파라핀 분리는 기존의 증류공정을 대체할 수 있는 기술로써 많은 관심을 받아왔다. 본 연구에서 는 테트라플루오로붕산은/질산알루미늄의 혼합염이 포함된 고분자 블렌드 기반의 촉진수송 올레핀 분리막을 제조하였다. 자유 라디칼중합법을 이용하여 폴리다이메틸실록세인-g-폴리옥시에틸렌 메타크릴레이트 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. 또한, 폴리 다이메틸실록세인-g-폴리옥시에틸렌 메타크릴레이트 매질에 폴리에틸렌옥사이드를 다양한 비율로 혼합하였다. 폴리에틸렌옥사 이드를 폴리다이메틸실록세인-g-폴리옥시에틸렌 메타크릴레이트 가지형 공중합체 질량 대비 70%를 혼합하였을 때, 혼합기체 선택도 및 투과도는 5.6 및 10.05 GPU에 도달하였다. 이와 같은 복합막의 올레핀 분리 성능이 향상된 이유는, 분리막에 첨가 된 은이온이 올레핀 기체분자의 선택적인 촉진 수송을 하였고, 또한 고투과성의 고분자 블렌드가 사용되었기 때문이다. 또한 은이온의 은나노입자로의 환원을 억제시키는 질산알루미늄의 첨가로 인해 복합막의 장시간 안정도를 향상시킬 수 있었다.