Since rice is the main food in Korea, there are no regulations on corn milling yet. Corn is known as one of the world's top three food crops along with wheat and rice, and it is known that 3.5 billion people worldwide use corn for food. In addition, corn mills are not developed or sold in Korea, but the use of corn mills is increasing significantly in many countries in Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, as Korea's rice mill import increases, Korea's KAMICO (Korea Agricultural Machinery Industry Cooperative) and domestic company A agreed to develop a corn mill jointly with PHilMech, an organization affiliated with the Philippine Ministry of Agriculture. However, research on corn milling was very insignificant, so the development was carried out based on the technology of Korea's rice mill. Rice milling is performed by peeling off the skin of rice and producing brown or white rice, so it is carried out by removing the skin and cutting the skin. On the other hand, in the corn mill, the skin of the corn is peeled, pulverized and selected to produce main products suitable for edible use. Therefore, in order to develop a corn mill, processes such as peeling, transfer, grinding, sorting, and by-product separation are required, and suitable parts must be developed. In addition, the performance must be gradually improved through experiments in which corn is repeatedly milled. The Philippines produces 7.98 million tons/year of corn, which is about 100 times that of Korea, and is mostly consumed as a staple food. This is about 10% of the total crop production in the Philippines. In addition, the main cultivation complexes of corn are the mountainous regions of Tarlac or Pangasinan, and the produced corn is 72.4% of the so-called yellow corn called Arabel and Sarangani, and the remaining 27.6% are known as white corn. In this study, it was intended to produce grains of 2.5 mm or less suitable for food for yellow corn and to develop a corn mill for 200 kg per hour. Detailed conditions for development are stipulated as more than 55% of the main product recovery rate, more than 31% of the by-product recovery rate, less than 5% of the raw material loss rate, and more than 80% of the embryo dislocation rate. In this study, to achieve this, the overall process of the corn mill was developed, and the optimal conditions for the corn mill were obtained through the development of parts and empirical tests to improve performance. In addition, it was intended to achieve the development goal by evaluating and analyzing the performance of each part so that it did not conflict.

Recently, the importance of preventive maintenance has been emerging since failures in a complex system are automatically detected due to the development of artificial intelligence techniques and sensor technology. Therefore, prognostic and health management (PHM) is being actively studied, and prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of the system is being one of the most important tasks. A lot of researches has been conducted to predict the RUL. Deep learning models have been developed to improve prediction performance, but studies on identifying the importance of features are not carried out. It is very meaningful to extract and interpret features that affect failures while improving the predictive accuracy of RUL is important. In this paper, a total of six popular deep learning models were employed to predict the RUL, and identified important variables for each model through SHAP (Shapley Additive explanations) that one of the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Moreover, the fluctuations and trends of prediction performance according to the number of variables were identified. This paper can suggest the possibility of explainability of various deep learning models, and the application of XAI can be demonstrated. Also, through this proposed method, it is expected that the possibility of utilizing SHAP as a feature selection method.

연중생산이 가능하고 특히, 저온에서 화색발현이 우수하며 볼륨감 있는 스프레이국화 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 충청남 도농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2010년에 모본으로 황색의 홑꽃 ‘SP09-251-01’를 부본으로 ‘SP08-010-16’계통을 인공수분 하였다. 종자 파종은 2011년에 실시하였고, 실생개체 중 화색과 화형이 우수한 281번째 개체를 선발하여 ‘SP11-103-05’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 주년생산성 검정을 위하여 2011년부터 2013년까지 자연일장, 전조재배, 차광재배를 각각 실시하였고, ‘Yes Holic’과 화형, 화색, 초형이 비슷한 ‘Jazz’ 품종을 대조품 종으로 사용하였다. ‘Yes Holic’ 품종은 2013년에 국립종자원에 품종보호 출원을 하였다. ‘Yes Holic’은 황색(Yellow 7A)의 꽃잎과 녹색(Green 1B)의 화심색으로 조사되었고 자연일장 작형의 개화기는 10월 25일로 ‘Jazz’의 10월 26일에 비해 빨랐다. ‘Yes Holic’의 초장과 줄기굵기는 각각 80.2cm와 6.1mm 로 ‘Jazz’의 78.6cm와 5.3mm보다 컸다. ‘Yes Holic’의 꽃 직경은 4.4cm로 ‘Jazz’의 4.1cm보다 컸으며, 착화수도 ‘Yes Holic’ 가 29.4개로 ‘Jazz’의 22.1개보다 많았다. 흰녹병저항성은 ‘Yes Holic’이 10%이하의 발병율인 3단계로 흰녹병이 저항성이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 재배상 유의사항은 ‘Yes Holic’은 소등 후 야간온도를 18℃로 가온하면 고유화색 발현과 적당한 착화수 확보 및 균일한 개화가 가능하다. 그리고 여름철 고온기에는 ‘Yea Holic’의 총포에 잿빛곰팡이병이 주로 발생되므로 스크린과 포그를 활용하여 주간온도를 낮추고 봉오리 착색기에 전용 농약을 살포해 주어야 한다.

In recent years, various methods of measuring body temperature have been developed using wireless biosensors to facilitate an early detection of pregnancy and parturition in cows. However, there are no studies on real-time monitoring of cattle body temperature throughout pregnancy. Therefore, we investigated the daily mean ruminal temperature in pregnant cows throughout pregnancy using a ruminal bio-capsule sensor and then evaluated the temperature variation between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. In pregnant cows, the mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature was 38.86 ± 0.17℃. Ruminal temperature in pregnant cows slowly decreased until 180 to 190 days after artificial insemination and after that, the temperature increased dramatically until just before parturition. Furthermore, the means ruminal temperature was significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature were as follows: 38.68 ± 0.01℃ from days 80 to 100, 38.78 ± 0.02℃ from days 145 to 165, 38.99 ± 0.45℃ from days 200 to 220, 39.14 ± 0.38℃ from days 250 to 270 before parturition. Therefore, our results could provide useful data for early detection of pregnancy and parturition in Korean cows.

본 연구는 서부 민간인통제선 일대 둠벙에 서식하는 저서 성대형무척추동물 종 다양성 및 군집 구조를 규명하여 향후 보전방향을 제안하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 3문 5강 17목 59 과 192종의 저서성대형무척추동물이 출현하였다. 다른 지역의 둠벙 (61~131종), 다른 유형의 정수성 습지 (47~92종), 그리고 우포늪 등의 보호습지 (48~135종)와 비교할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙에서 더 다양한 분류군이 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생생물 물방개, 물장군, 대모잠자리를 포함 28종의 특이종이 확인되었으며, 98곳의 조사지에 특이종이 하나 이상 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 섭식기능군 및 서식기능군 분석에서 이동성이 높은 무리의 우점이 나타난 점, 개별 조사지의 다양도와 특이종의 출현 빈도가 반드시 비례하지는 않는 점을 함께 고려할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙의 높은 종 다양성은 둠벙과 인근 수생태계의 연결성을 통해 유지되는 것으로 보여진다. 그러므로 서부 민통선 일대 둠벙의 생물 다양성 보전계획을 수립할 때 특별히 종 다양성이 높은 몇 개 둠벙만을 점적으로 보전하는 접근은 부적절할 수 있으리라 판단 되며, 둠벙을 포함한 수서생물의 이동성 서식지 전반의 연결성을 고려한 접근이 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

고온기 화색발현이 우수하고 연중생산이 가능한 수출용 스프레이국화 신품종을 육성하기 위하여 충남농업기술원 화훼 연구소에서 2010년 분홍색의 모본 ‘Borami’를 방임수분하였다. 2011년에 종자를 파종하였고, 이중 화형과 화색이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 ‘SP11-148-01’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2011년부터 2013년까지 주년 생산성을 위해 전조, 자연, 차광재배로 특성을 각각 검정하였고, 생육 및 개화특성은 화형과 화색이 비슷한 자주색 스프레이국화인 ‘Kingfisher’를 대조품종으로 조사하였으며, 2013년 ‘Yes Ruby’로 품종등록 출원하였다. ‘Yes Ruby’는 자주색의 설상화와 연녹색의 통상화로 가을 작형 개화기는 10월 24일로, ‘Kingfisher’의 10월 29일에 비해 빨랐다. ‘Yes Ruby’의 초장과 줄기굵기는 각각 94.9cm와 7.7mm로 ‘Kingfisher’의 89.2cm와 6.4mm보다 컸다. ‘Yes Ruby’의 꽃 직경은 6.2cm로 ‘Kingfisher’의 5.0cm보다 컸으며, 꽃잎수도 ‘Yes Ruby’가 25.7개로 ‘Kingfisher’의 23.3개보다 많았다. 착화수는 두 품종 모두 비슷하였으며, 흰녹병 저항성은 ‘Yes Ruby’가 2단계, ‘Kingfisher’는 3단계의 감염 정도를 나타내어 흰녹병에 대한 저항성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 재배상 유의사항은 ‘Yes Ruby’는 겨울철 균일한 개화가 이뤄지지 않아 겨울철 야간온도를 18℃ 이상으로 관리해줌으로써 균일개화를 유도할 수 있다. 또한 생장억제제인 Daminozide을 처리함으로써 설상화수를 늘려 볼륨감 높은 꽃봉오리를 형성할 수 있어 고온기에도 화색발현이 우수하고 연중생산이 가능하여 안정적 수출을 통한 농가소득 증대에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The genus Nipponopsyche Yazaki is reported from Korea with an unrecorded species, N. fuscescens Yazaki for the first time. Adult, larva, pupa and genitalia of the species are redescribed with SEM illustrations, and DNA barcode for precise identification of the species is also provided.

스탠다드국화 신품종을 육성하기 위하여 충남농업기술원 화훼연구소에서 2009년에 황색의 모본 ‘Summer Yellow’와 부본 ‘ST07-09-02’계통을 인공 교배하였다. 2010년에 종자를 파종하였고, 이중 내병성이 강하고 기호성이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 ‘ST10-047-01’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2011년부터 2013년까지 주년 생산성을 위해 촉성 및 자연, 억제재배 특성을 각각 검정하였으며, 2013년 ‘Geumhwa’로 명명하고 품종등록 출원하였다. ‘Geumhwa’의 생육 및 개화특성은 국내에서 많이 재배되고 있는 황색 스탠다드국화인 ‘Summer Yellow’를 대조 품종으로 하여 조사하였다. ‘Geumhwa’ 품종은 자연개화기가 10월 6일로 ‘Summer Yellow’의 10월 25일에 비해 빨랐다. ‘Geumhwa’는 초장이 86.3cm로 ‘Summer Yellow’의 93.8cm보다 작았고, 곁가지 제거수는 8.1개로 ‘Summer Yellow’의 16.6개보다 적었다. ‘Geumhwa’의 꽃직경은 13.6cm로 ‘Summer Yellow’의 13.5cm와 비슷하였으며, 꽃잎수는 ‘Geumhwa’가 263.6개로 ‘Summer Yellow’의 295.3개보다 적었다. 재배상 유의사항은 ‘Geumhwa’는 중간종이므로 초기생육이 왕성하도록 비배 관리를 하고 생육기간 중 지베렐린 1,000mg･L-1를 2회 처리하여 신장력을 높이도록 한다. 또한 설상화수가 적은 편이므로 재전조를 실시하여 설상화수를 늘린다면 황색의 연중 조기개화가 가능한 고품질 신품종 스탠다드 절화국화로써 소비자 기호 충족 및 농가소득 창출에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The susceptibility of Dermanyssus gallinae adults, collected from poultry farms in 5 regions, to 11 acaricides was investigated. When bifenthrin and formic acid with pyridaben were diluted 100 times, bifenthrin showed 100% acaricidal activity; however, formic acid with pyridaben showed less than 20% acaricidal activity for poultry farms in 3 regions (Gyeongju, Chilgok, and Geumsan) except Yeoncheon and Anseong. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam, fenitrothion, and formic acid with pyridaben showed differences in acaricidal activity among regions. Therefore, farmers should concentrate during the selection of these acaricides. However, carbaryl, cartap hydrochloride, dichlorvos, and bifenthrin showed high activity against D. gallinae collected from poultry farms in five regions. To control D. gallinae effectively, the alternation of acaricides is necessary, and indiscriminate pesticide use should be avoided. Therefore, this study can serve as a basis for controlling D. gallinae.

We demonstrated an effective way of preparing melt spinnable mesophase pitches via catalytic hydrogenation of petroleum residue (fluidized catalytic cracking-decant oil) and their subsequent thermal soaking. The mesophase pitches thus obtained were analyzed in terms of their viscosity, elemental composition, solubility, molecular weight, softening point and optical texture. We found that zeolite-induced catalytic hydrogenation under high hydrogen pressure contributed to a large variation in the properties of the pitches. As the hydrogen pressure increased, the C/H ratio decreased, and the solubility in n-hexane increased. The mesophase pitch with entirely anisotropic domains of flow texture exhibited good meltspinnability. The mesophase carbon fibers obtained from the catalytically hydrogenated petroleum residue showed moderate mechanical properties.

The seroprevalence of major infectious abortion agents was investigated in native Korean goats from Jeonnam province using ELISA. A total of 98 blood samples were collected from goats. Overall, 48 (49.0%), 11 (11.2%), and 1 (1.0%) serum samples tested positive for C. burnetii, T. gondii, and C. abortus, respectively, while none of the samples were positive for B. abortus or N. caninum. Moreover, a PCR assay conducted to detect C. burnetii antigens in goats with a history of abortion revealed 18 (38.3%) of 47 goats were C. burnetii positive by both the ELISA and PCR assay.

Field survey was conducted to determine the differences of spider community between traditional farming and environmental friendly farming at 17 localities, Korea in 2008. In guild structure, The occupancy rate of pest group, general group and natural enemy group was 37.3%, 41.0% and 21.6% respectively in environmental friendly farming, and 36.9%, 35.6% and 27.5% respectively in traditional farming. Among natural enemy group, parasitoids and predators were 15.8% and 84.2% respectively in environmental friendly farming, and 28.1% and 71.9% respectively in traditional farming. Among natural enemy group, rice field spiders were 74.4% and 62.2% in environmental friendly farming and traditional farming respectively. Among predators, rice field spiders were 86.7% in environmental friendly farming and 84.9% in traditional farming. Rice field spider community comprises 28 species of 24 genera belonging to 10 families and 30 species of 24 genera belonging to 10 families in environmental friendly farming and traditional farming respectively. Dominant families were Lycosidae, Linyphiidae and Tetragnathidae and dominant species were Pirata subpiraticus, Ummeliata insecticeps, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Gnathonarium dentatum and Packygnatha clercki in both agricultural practices. The ratio of hunting spiders and webbing spiders was similar between agricultural practices.

The purpose of this research is to find the reasons of overcrowding in the emergency department of an hospital, then to shorten the total stay time of patients The fact that main causes of the overcrowding exist in the process of the emergency department

L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC) is a potent inhibitor of glutamate transporters. In our current study, we investigated whether the neuronal death induced by PDC involves mechanisms other than excitotoxicity in mixed mouse cortical cultures. Cortical cultures at 13-14 days in vitro were used and cell death was assessed by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase efflux into bathing media. Glutamate and PDC both induced neuronal death in a concentration-dependent manner but the neurotoxic effects of glutamate were found to be more potent than those of PDC. Treatment with 10, 100 and 200 M PDC equally potentiated 50 M glutamate-induced neuronal death. The neuronal death induced by 75 M glutamate was almost abolished by treatment with the NMDA antagonists, MK-801 and AP-5, but was unaffected by NBQX (an AMPA antagonist), trolox (antioxidant), BDNF or ZVAD-FMK (a pan-caspase inhibitor). However, the neuronal death induced by 200 M PDC was partially but significantly attenuated by single treatments with MK-801, AP-5, trolox, BDNF or ZVAD-FMK but not NBQX. Combined treatments with MK-801 plus trolox, MK-801 plus ZVAD-FMK or MK-801 plus BDNF almost abolished neuronal death, whereas combined treatments with trolox plus ZVADFMK, trolox plus BDNF or ZVAD-FMK plus BDNF did not enhance the inhibitory action of any single treatment with these drugs. These results demonstrate that the neuronal death induced by PDC involves not only in the excitotoxicity induced by the accumulation of glutamate but also the oxidative stress induced by free radical generation. This suggests that apoptotic neuronal death plays a role in PDCinduced oxidative neuronal injury.

이온 주입에 의하여 경화된 탄화층을 가지는 포토레지스트는 통상적인 습식 또는 건식 처리로는 제거하기가 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 확산성과 물질전달특성이 우수한 초임계 이산화탄소와 공용매 및 첨가제를 사용하여 고이온 주입된 포토레지스트를 제거하는 방법을 연구하였다. 공용매의 종류 및 농도, 압력, 온도, 첨가제의 종류에 따른 제거특성을 연구하였으며, 제거 전 후의 웨이퍼 표면 상태 및 성분을 SEM, EDS를 사용하여 분석하였다. 산 혼합 공용매를 사용하여 4000psi, 70℃에서 2분간 처리 하였을 때, 포토레지스트는 100% 제거됨을 알 수 있었다.

To reveal the relationship between the changes in the growth and photo- synthesis induced by low dose radiation, red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants were serially irradiated three times with gamma rays of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy. The plant growth was mo

To derive the distributions of electron density, temperature and gas-phase metal abundances within the Orion Nebula, we have performed a non-LTE analysis to the radio observations of hydrogen recombination lines and continuum flux over the frequency range from 0.1GHz to 100GHz. We have explicitly included the thermal balance condition in our analysis, hence our derived distributions have their internal consistencies. This enables us to derive the radial distribution of Oxygen and Nitrogen. The gas-phase concentrations of these cooling agents show about the solar values at the very central part of the nebula, then, decrease slowly outward, and finally become about one quarter of the solar values in the outer extended envelope. Such an outward decrease is interpreted as an outward increase of dust concentrations in the Orion.