The objective of this study was to investigate the interrelationship of weight and hormonal changes through the administration of vitamin A to first time pregnant heifers. A total of 28 Korean heifers was used for this study. The heifers were divided into two groups - with vitamin A (n=14) and without vitamin A (control) (n=14) in the feed. Body weight increased in vitamin A treated heifers starting 9 months until 15 months. After pregnancy, vitamin A treated heifers were found to maintain higher body weights than the control group. Pre-pregnancy and post pregnancy progesterone levels were not different between the two groups. Serum estradiol levels of heifers at different growth stages showed relatively higher E2 levels than the control. Also, the control during pregnancy may show higher serum E2 levels than the vitamin A treated heifers. The growth phase serum estradiol levels in heifers may be relatively higher than the control. During pregnancy it showed a similar trend. Serum levels of vitamin A treated heifers did not differ from pregnant heifers at 5 months of age. However, after 5 months from conception until 8 months of treatment it showed a high level. Serum cholesterol in pregnant cows was higher in the control group than the treatment from beginning until the end of pregnancy. This is considered to be related to fetus development during pregnancy, as well as the mother's health.

우리나라 고유 품종인 한우는 표현형 중 외모에 따라 일반적으로 한우라 불리는 황갈색 한우, 칡소, 흑우로 구분되어 있다. 한우 집단 중, 칡소는 한우의 원형으로 여겨지고 있으나, 제주흑우와 비슷하게 국내 희소품종으로 분류되어 있다. 현재 본 연구에서는 황갈색 한우와 칡소의 50K 고밀도 칩을 활용하여 선발신호를 검출할 수 있는 Rsb 분석에 따라 인위적 선발에 의해 진화적으로 선택된 유전체 영역을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 37개의 후보유전체 영역이 한우와 비교하였을 때 칡소에서 유의적으로 다름을 알수 있었다. 후보 유전체 영역 내에 존재하는 유전자군을 대상으로 유전자 기능에 대한 주석 달기를 진행하였을 때, 불포화지방산 대사 과정, 면역 반응 등의 기능들이 통계적으로 유의함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 유전체 영역들이 진화적 관점에서 칡소의 적응과정에 있어서 칡소만의 고유한 유전적 특성을 가지는데 기여하였다고 사료된다. 또한, 황갈색 한우의 선발신호와 칡소의 선발신호를 비교한 결과, 염색체 1번 2-2.5Mb 영역이 진화적 관점에서 공통적으로 선발되고 있음을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 해당 영역의 유전자를 살펴본 결과, 각 발달과정에 관여하는 유전자가 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 한우라는 공통적 특성을 가지며 진화적으로 유지, 보존하고 있다고 예측할 수 있다. 칡소와 황갈색 한우가 가지는 선발신호는 거의 대부분이 다르다는 것을 Rsb 분석에 의해 확인하였다. 추가적으로 집단 내 고정된 단일염기서열변이 및 이형접합율을 비교한 결과 소수 집단에서 가지고 있는 유전적 변이 감소, 유전적 흐름의 급격한 변화 등의 유전적 특성이 칡소 집단에서 나타났으며, 이는 칡소의 선발신호 분석결과와 유사한 결과를 보임을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 향후 칡소를 비롯한 국내 한우에 대한 연구에 기초자료가 될 것이라 판단되며, 국내 한우 집단 차이의 정확한 원인에 대한 연구는 추가적으로 수행할 필요가 있을 것이라 사료된다.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic effects of candidate genes on the growth of spleen and liver tissues using dietary Curcuma longa (C. longa) supplementation. Expression analyses of candidate genes regarding animal growth was performed in order to determine the factors affecting the growth related to immune components of Curucumin, Turmerone, and Zingiberene as the bile secretion Paratolyl methyl carbinol (PTMC). The animals were divided into four groups of five chicks supplied with experimental diets of C. longa at 0.25, 0.5 and 1% and controls. The 19 growth-related genes were known to cell maturation, differentiation significant expression patterns in this analysis. Expression of growth response-related genes in chicks supplemented with 1% of C. longa showed better growth performance than chicks with 0.25 and 0.5% in spleen (p<0.05). The IGF1, MSTN, POU1F1, ADCYAP1 gene were known to central roles in mediating gonadotropin function, regulating steroidogenesis and promoting oocyte growth and maturation. Sex steroids, androgen and estrogen can affect sex differentiation and also can affect muscle development. On the other hand, GHSR and FABP3 gene showed significant expression patterns in this analysis. The results would be used as basic information for the variation of growth-related genes expression on the cell growth, sex cell growth, and sex hormones according to dietary supplementation with C. longa in chickens.

Many countries have implemented genetic evaluation for fertility traits in recent years. In particular, reproductive trait is a complex trait and need to require a system-level approach for identifying candidate genes related to the trait. To find the candidate gene associated with reproductive trait, we applied a weighted gene co-expression network ana-lysis from expression value of bovine genes. We identified three co-expressed modules associated with reproductive trait from bovine microarray data. Hub genes (ZP4, FHL2 and EGR4) were determined in each module; they were topologically centered with statistically significant value in the gene co-expression network. We were able to find the highly co-expressed gene pairs with a correlation coefficient. Finally, the crucial functions of co-expressed modules were reported from functional enrichment analysis. We suggest that the network-based approach in livestock may an important method for analyzing the complex effects of candidate genes associated with economic traits like repro-duction.

우리나라 고유 품종인 한우는 표현형 중 외모에 따라 일반적으로 한우라 불리는 황갈색 한우, 칡소, 흑우로 구분되어 있다. 한우 집단 중, 황갈색 한우만이 육질, 육량 형질을 중심으로 체계적인 개량프로그램에 의해 개량되었다. 본 연구에서는 황갈색 한우와 칡소의 50K 고밀도 칩을 활용하여 선발신호를 검출할 수 있는 세 가지 분석법(Rsb, iHS, FST)에 따라 인위적 선발에 의해 진화적으로 선택된 유전체영역을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, Rsb, iHS, FST 분석법에 따라 각각 41개, 23개, 50개의 후보유전체 영역이 칡소와 비교하였을 때 황갈색 한우에서 유의적으로 다름을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 후보 유전체 영역 내에 존재하는 유전자군을 대상으로 유전자 기능에 대한 주석 달기를 진행하였을 때, 근육 발달, 면역반응 등의 기능들이 통계적으로 유의함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 유전체 영역들이 진화적 관점에서 황갈색 한우의 적응과정에 있어서 육질 등 생산성을 높이는 데에 기여하였다고 사료된다

The objective of this study was to develop of semen transport system for cryopreservation and fertility in bull sperm. The ejaculated semen were diluted with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk for transportation. Diluted semen was transported by three methods that there were wrapping tissue (Tissue), sinking under 30℃ water (Water) and sinking between warm water and air (Air) methods. Semen was transported within 2 hours in 0.3℃. For this study, the freezing of diluted semen were added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk. And frozen-thawed sperm were estimated with SYBR14/PI double stain for viability, FITC-PNA/PI double stain for acrosome reaction analysis and Rhodamine123 double stain for mitochondrial intact assessment. In results, live sperm (SYBR+/PI-) in Air treatment group (43.3±4.7%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other treatment groups (Tissue: 16.3±2.7% and Water: 27.5± 3.1%), dying sperm (SYBR+/PI+) in Air treatment group (55.6±4.7%) was significantly lower than other treatment groups (Tissue: 77.6±3.2% and Water: 67.6±3.3%) (p<0.05). Acrosome reaction in Air treatment group (0.2±0.1%) within live sperm (PI negative region) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than other treatment groups (Tissue: 0.7±0.2% and Water: 0.5±0.1%), the acrosome reaction in Air treatment group (28.6±2.8%) within all sperm also was significantly lower than other treatment groups (Tissue: 44.2±1.8% and Water: 36.2±2.0%) (p<0.05). And mitochondrial intact in Air treatment group within live (97.1±0.4%) and all (61.9±3.3%) sperm were significantly higher than other treatment groups (Tissue: 85.2±3.3%, Water: 87.8±2.9% within live sperm and Tissue: 49.28±3.7%, Water: 42.0±3.1% within all sperm) (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that transportation by sinking method between warm water and air was beneficial to improvement of fertility in frozen-thawed in bull semen.

This study was conducted to find a useful marker for gene polymorphism analysis using Microsatellite marker (MS marker) in Gyeongju Donggyeong dog. Twenty three MS marker analyzed the genetic features of DNA using 100 Gyeongju Donggyeong dogs in Gyeongju area. It was performed multiplex PCR with 3 set primer divided 9, 10 and 4 by analysis of conditions among MS markers. The results were calculated heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC), allele frequency and number of allele at each locus using Microsatellite Toolkit software and Cervus 3.0 program. Total 148 alleles were genotyped to determine and average 6.43 alleles was detected. FH3381 had the highest of 15 alleles and FH2834 had the lowest of 2 alleles. Expected heterozygosity had a wide range from 0.282 to 0.876 and had average value of 0.6496. Also, Observed heterozygosity had a more wide range from 0.200 to 0.950 and had average value of 0.6404. PIC had range from 0.262 to 0.859 and average PIC was calculated 0.606. Especially, FH2998 represented the highest rate of observed heterozygosity of 0.950 and FH3381 represented the highest rate of expected heterozygosity of 0.876 and PIC of 0.859. The use of these markers was considered to be useful to study genetic traits of Gyeongju Donggyeong dog.

The bovine fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) is a major positional and physiological candidate gene for the bovine marbling and carcass weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and genetic variation in fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) genes within carcass/meat quality traits and the before/after of fatting in breed Hanwoo. Here, we characterized the nucleotide polymorphism of FABP4 and 5 in 86 cattle. We were detected the variability of three types (GG, AG, and AA) by PCR, and economic traits were analyzed by the mixed regression model implemented in the ASReml program. As the result of statistical and supersonic analysis, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.006) on marbling score (MS), in contrast FABP5 gene was lowed (p<0.084) on MS before fatting. But, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.0054) on MS, in contrast FABP5 gene lowest (p<0.0899) on MS in the after of fatting. Compare to supersonic result before fatting in FABP4 gene, it was detected type GG: (p<7.18), AG: (p<8.50), and AA: (p<10.50) (n=50), showed type GG: (p<4.88), AG: (p<2.33), and AA: (p<0.00) after weed out (n=20). Futhermore, it was detected type GG: (p<9.30), AG: (p<7.95), and AA: (p<7.40) (n=50) before fatting in the FABP5 gene. It was shown type GG: (p<2.67), AG: (p<3.50), and AA: (p<5.00) after weed out (n=50). Our results indicate that FABP4 and 5 gene transcription is regulated by the environment of feeding and management, and suggest that feeding and management could be potential key in determining FABP4 and 5 genes transcription for carcass/meat quality traits in breed Hanwoo.

Members of Bethylidae are widely distributed from the Tropic to the Subarctic regions around the world. The family contains about 2,216 species worldwide, and the majority of recorded species are found from the tropical regions. From the Oriental region, 368 species of 46 genera in four subfamilies has been recorded up to date. Two species are recognized as new to science and three to the fauna of Cambodia and its adjacent countries in the present study. We provide microphotographs and diagnoses of each species with a general introduction of Cambodian bethylids.

The number of abandoned dogs is increasing with the worsening of the economy and the rising of feed value. It was becoming a serious social problem because of the disease transmission and destruction of natural ecosystems by abandoned dogs been wild animal. In order to solve these problems, companion dogs necessary to secure its own genetic information and to establish the systematic tracking system. Using multiplex-PCR method with 27 microsatellite marker (MS marker) divided 3 set, various alleles occurring to 6 dog breed (Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, English Springer Spaniel, Belgian Malinois, Jindo Dog, PoongSan Dog) make use of markers to determine allele frequency and heterozygosity. MS marker FH2834 and FH2790 have only two allele and most were found in 13 alleles at FH3381 and FH3399. Average heterozygosity of MS marker is 0.534 and especially, heterozygosity represented the highest value of 0.765 at FH3381. So, it was recognized appropriate allele frequency for individual identification and paternity diagnosis in companion dogs. Using multiplex-PCR method with MS marker, various alleles occurring to dog breed make use of markers to deter mine individual identification and paternity diagnosis, traits associated biomarkers and breed-specific marker for faster, more accurate and ways to reduce the analysis cost. Based on this result, a scientific basis was established to the existing pedigree data by applying genetics additionally. Animal registration system is expected to be conducted nationwide in future. The method expects to very useful this system.

Economic traits are quantitative traits and are mostly controlled by a large number of genes. Some these genes tend to have a large effect on quantitative traits in cattle and are known as major genes primarily located at quantitative traits loci (QTL). However, in practice, QTL is linked to allele associates of the gene controlling traits of interest. It is hypothesized that if QTL explaining a part of genetic differences between animals are detected, the effect of the genes located at QTL could assist in estimating an animal’s true genetic value. Therefore, QTL information could probably provides accuracy of breeding value estimation as well as more genetic gain through selection of animals at relatively younger age. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is the indirect selection process where a quantitative trait of economic importance is selected not just based on the trait itself but also on the basis of marker linked to QTL. MAS could be useful for traits that are difficult to measure, exhibit low heritability, and are expressed late in development. Major genes which are responsible for QTL could possibly be identified first by using different techniques such as gene expression analysis and QTL mapping. Thereafter, the information generated could be implemented for MAS in estimating breeding value. In this review we focused on delivering genome information into Hanwoo breeding program.

1995년 7월에 씨프린스호, 9월 제1유일호, 11월 호남 사파이어호 등 연이은 대규모 기 름유출사고 시에 부족한 방제장비 부재로 인한 대응력 미흡이라는 문제가 발생하여, 국가 전체를 대상으로 방제장비 확충을 위한 방제정책 목표를 설정하고 ‘국가방제능력’의 개념을 도입하였다. 국가방제능력은 유회수기 회수용량을 기준으로 일일 8시간씩 3일간 운용한 회수용량에 방제작업 에 필요한 요소들을 고려하여 수식으로 나타내었다. 먼저 이 수식을 이용하기 앞서 최대 유출량 을 계산하기 위하여 국제석유산업환경보호협의회(IPIECA, International Petroleum Environmental Association)의 산정식을 이용하였다. 당시 국내에 입항하는 최대 기름운반선인 300,000톤급 단일선체 유조선의 운송 탱크 2개가 파손되어 60,000톤의 기름이 유출되는 것을 산정 하였으며, 이중 1/3은 자연방산, 1/3은 해안에 부착되고, 나머지1/3인 20,000톤을 해상에서 회수하 는 것을 목표로 하였다. 그러나 2007년 12월에 허베이 스피리트호 원유유출사고를 거치면서 ‘국가 방제능력’이라는 용어는 국민들이 장비확보의 기준이 아닌 일정시간 내에 그 용량만큼 회수할 수 있는 능력으로 잘 못 인식하고, 국가방제능력 보다 적은 기름 유출량을 일시에 수거하지 못했다 는 국민들의 오해가 있었다. 이 사고로 단일선체 유조선의 국내 운항을 기존의 2015년에서 2011 년 1월 1일부터 전면 금지시킴에 따라 이중선체 유조선을 기준으로 한 새로운 장비확보 산정기준 이 필요하게 되었다. 이에 본 연구는 해양오염방지국제협약(MARPOL, International Convention for the prevention of pollution from ship)의 산정식을 이용하여 이중선체 유조선을 기준으로 한 최대 기름유출량을 재산정하고, 정확한 의미전달을 위해 실제 뜻하는 용어로 변경하기 위해 새롭 게 도입된 ‘해상기름회수 목표량’의 개념에 대해 설명한다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of protein patterns in granulosa cells and corpus luteum during the estrus cycle in bovine ovary by proteomics ^techniques. Our study was devided into five steps for follicular, ovulatory, early-lteal, midluteal and late-luteal. The protein was extracted from glanulosa cell and corpus luteum proteins by using M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent. Proteins were refined by clean-up kit and quantified by Bradford method until total protein was 700 μg. Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip was used 18 cm and 3 11 NL. SDS-PAGE was used 10% acrylamide gel. The protein spots were visualized by Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining, analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry and searched on NCIBlnr. As the result, 61 spots of total 85 spots were repeated on follicular stage and 51 spots of total 114 spots were repeated on ovulatory stage. 40 spots of total 129 were repeated on early-luteal and 49 spots of total 104 spots were repeated on mid-luteal stage. Also 41 spots of total 60 spots were repeated on last-luteal stage. There were differences in the ovulation (follicular∼ovultory stage) in which the spots of follicular stage 19 was only and in ovulation stage was 10 spots. The difference between the luteinization (ovultory∼mid-luteal stage) was the spots counted in each stage. The spots of ovulatory stage was 1, early-luteal stage was 1 and in mid-luteal stage was 2. Eleven spots were found in mid-luteal stage and 2 spots were found in last-luteal stage. In conclusion, we confirmed that there were 7 spots in ovulation, 4 spots in luteinization and 2 spots in luteolysis. Spot No. 89-93 from ovulation were transferrin, and spot No.94 and 95 were HSP60. Spot No. 103 were Dusty PK, spot No. 135 were OGDC-E2, and spot No. 175, 176 were Rab GDI beta from luteinization. Spot No. 178 and 179 from luteolysis were vimentin.

The present study was performed to identify the role of plasminogen activator (PA) and the location of PA expression in porcine uterus tissues during the estrous cycle. Porcine uterus tissues were obtained from ovary in pre-ovulatory (Pre-Ov), post-ovulatory stage (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal stage (Early-mid L). The uterus tissue was immediately fixed by PBS with 10% formalin. There were fixed porcine uterus tissue for 24 hours at room temperature and porcine uterus tissue dehydrate for 12 hour in sucrose solution. For immunohistochemical staining, porcine uterus tissues were cut to 4 μm by micro frozen section microtome. The nucleus and cytoplasm of porcine uterus tissues were stained by Hematoxin and Eosin. Porcine uterus tissues were evaluated by Immunofluorescence using anti-tissue type PA (tPA) and urokinase type PA (uPA). The location of PA expression was identified by observing the PA fluorescence using fluorescent microscope and optical telescopes. As a results, when Pre-Ov and Post-Ov were identified endometrial blood vessel in an inner layer that were observed tPA and uPA. Especially, expression of PA was observed around secretory gland. But the expression of PA were not confirm in Early-mid L. Also, The expression of PA were higher in Post-Ov than Early-mid L. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, the expression of PA were increased from Pre-Ov to Post-Ov and was decreased from Post-Ov to Early-mid L.

The present study was performed to identify the role of plasminogen activator (PA) and the location of PA expression in porcine uterus tissues during the estrous cycle. Porcine uterus tissues were obtained from ovary in pre-ovulatory (Pre-Ov), post-ovulatory stage (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal stage (Early-mid L). The uterus tissue was immediately fixed by PBS with 10% formalin. There were fixed porcine uterus tissue for 24 hours at room temperature and porcine uterus tissue dehydrate for 12 hour in sucrose solution. For immunohistochemical staining, porcine uterus tissues were cut to 4 μm by micro frozen section microtome. The nucleus and cytoplasm of porcine uterus tissues were stained by Hematoxin and Eosin. Porcine uterus tissues were evaluated by Immunofluorescence using anti-tissue type PA (tPA) and urokinase type PA (uPA). The location of PA expression was identified by observing the PA fluorescence using fluorescent microscope and optical telescopes. As a results, when Pre-Ov and Post-Ov were identified endometrial blood vessel in an inner layer that were observed tPA and uPA. Especially, expression of PA was observed around secretory gland. But the expression of PA were not confirm in Early-mid L. Also, The expression of PA were higher in Post-Ov than Early-mid L. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, the expression of PA were increased from Pre-Ov to Post-Ov and was decreased from Post-Ov to Early-mid L.

The purpose of this study was to improve the frozen-thawed sperm of Korean Native Cattle using magnetized water. The semen was collected by artificial vagina. Before cryopreservation, Triladyl was flowed through magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss (G)] for 5min. The semen was diluted to magnetized Triladyl with 20% egg-yolk for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5ml straws, and freezing process was exposed on ‒120℃ for 10min. Diluted sperm was stored into LN2. Analysis of frozen- thawed sperm was estimated of viability with SYBR14/PI stain, and membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The mitochondrial function analysis was conducted by staining with Rhodamin 123 by flow cytometry and was analyzed histogram. The intensity of acrosome damage was analyzed using FITC-PNA stain by flow cytometry. Analysis of rhodamin 123 and FITC-PNA stain were used mitochondria and acrosome membrane intact. As a results, sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G (76.0±1.2%) group than other groups (p<0.05). However, HOST was significantly higher in 4000 (37.7±0.6%) and 6000G (35.0±1.1%) than 0 (30.3±0.9%) and 2000G (30.7±0.5%) (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G (1.40±0.08% and 26.7±2.9%) group than other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could improve the ability of sperm on cryopreservation of korean native cattle. * This work was supported by Grant No. PJ 907008 from Rural development administration (RDA).

The purpose of this study was to improve of frozen-thawed sperm using magnetized water in Korean native cattle. Before cryopreservation, without egg-yolk Triladyl® solution was flowed though magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss(G)] for 5 min. The freezing of dilluted semen added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk. Analysis of frozen-thawed sperm was estimated viability with SYBR14/PI double stain, membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome reaction with FITC-PNA, mitochondria membrane function with Rhodamin 123 by flow- cytometry. Sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G group than other groups (p<0.05). However, the Hypoosmotic Swelling Test(HOST) was significantly higher in fresh, 4000 and 6000G than 0 and 2000G (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane damage and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G group than other groups (p<0.05). in conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could be improve ability of sperm on cryopreservation in Korean native cattle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) in the sperm preservation of bull. For this study, the freezing of diluted semen were added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk and/or 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mM MBCD before freezing process. Analysis of viability in frozen-thawed sperm was estimated by SYBR14/PI double stain, hypoosmotic swelling test(HOST) and acrosome damage with FITC-PNA, and mitochondria activation with Rhodamin123 by flow-cytometry. The sperm viability was significantly higher in 0 mM and 5 mM concentrations of MBCD than other groups (p<0.05). However, the HOST was significantly lower at 20 mM concentration of MBCD than other concentrations (p<0.05). In addition, acrosome damage and mitochondria activation rates were significantly lower at 20 mM concentration of MBCD than other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the viability of sperm was not significantly different among concentrations of MBCD 0, 5 and 10 mM, but MBCD 20 mM was significantly lower than other groups. In addition, as concentrations of MBCD was high, HOST, acrosome damage and mitochondria activation rates had a negative effect in bull sperm.

This study was performed to investigate the FSH levels for superovulation procedure in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo). The effectiveness of 200 mg and 400 mg of FSH to initiate superovulation was examined in Hanwoo. Donors, at random stages of the estrous cycle, received a CIDR. 7 days later, 200 mg FSH group was treated with 40, 30, 20, 10 mg FSH levels in declining doses twice daily by intramuscular injection for 4 days. Also, 400 mg FSH group was treated with 80, 60, 40, 20 mg FSH levels. On the 3rd day administration of FSH, 25 mg PGF2α was administered and CIDR was withdrawn. Donors were artificially inseminated twice at 12 hr intervals. The donor cattle received 250 μg GnRH at time of 1st insemination and embryos were recovered 8 days after the 1st insemination. As a results, average number of CL treated with FSH 200 mg was higher as 20.9±1.20 than 15.8±0.63 for donors treated with FSH 400 mg, respectively(p<0.05). Treated group of 200 mg FSH level increased (p<0.05) the number of embryos recovered per procedure compared to 400 mg FSH level (18.2±1.18 vs. 12.38±0.52, respectively). When treatment of 200 mg FSH was performed, average transferable embryos/ova increased (p<0.05) to 14.1±1.12 from 6.8±0.33 of treated of 400 mg FSH. Group of 200 mg FSH increased (p<0.05) to 8.3±0.76 from 2.0±0.26 in morula stage compare to 400 mg FSH group. Mean of total early blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stage embryos was similar (p<0.05) between the 200 mg and 400 mg FSH levels group (4.7±1.19 vs. 2.9±0.18 and 1.2±0.40 vs. 1.9±0.17). These results suggest that 200 mg FSH level-based superovulation protocol with CIDR may be effectively used for production of superior embryos in Hanwoo. In other words, the less level of FSH may be effectively applied for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle), because Hanwoo was smaller body size than beef or daily cow.