본 논문은 가상 부동산 게임을 통한 가상토지 거래와 분할 거래를 위한 가상 경제 플랫폼을 제안한다. 이것은 실제 존재하는 지구 위의 땅이 아닌 가상공간에서 설계된 3차원 공간을 거래하고 소유하는 가상 경제 플랫폼 에 관하여 연구이다. 이를 위해 메타버스를 이용하여 실제 지구의 모습과 유사한 가상의 지구를 세분화시켜 구현했다. 또한 블록체인 기술을 이용한 가상화폐를 통해 거래의 신뢰성을 가질 수 있게 했다. 게임의 특징으 로는 다음과 같다. 가상공간의 콘텐츠 서비스를 위한 프로세스 기능을 단순화했다. 또한 서비스의 차별화를 통하여 사용자의 진입 장벽을 최소화했으며, 게임을 통해 부동산 분할 매매와 분할임대를 위한 프로세스를 제 안했다. 또한 가상부동산에 대한 수익모델을 통하여 가상 경제 플랫폼에 대한 개념을 제안했다. 본 논문은 메 타버스와 블록체인 기술을 활용하여 기존 경제적 가치 개념을 가상 경제 플랫폼으로 활용하는 연구 모델로 제안한다.

Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is defined as an adrenal tumor that has the typical characteristics of pheochromocytoma likely hypertension but is histopathologically diagnosed to other types of adrenal tumors. 11-year-old, castrated male Maltese presented for a left adrenal mass with hypertension. According to clinical signs and radiological features, a temporary diagnosis was made of pheochromocytoma. The adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological examination of the resected adrenal gland was diagnosed as cortical adenocarcinoma. This report describes the case of pseudo-pheochromocytoma in a dog and implies the salience that even if pheochromocytoma is diagnosed based on all test results, pseudo-pheochromocytoma should not be excluded.

Organisms constituting a large proportion of marine ecosystems, ranging from bacteria to fish, exhibit fluorescence and bioluminescence. A variety of marine organisms utilize these biochemically generated light sources for feeding, reproduction, communication, and defense. Since the discovery of green fluorescent protein and the luciferin-luciferase system more than a century ago, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize their function and regulatory mechanism. The unique properties of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins offer great potential for their use in a broad range of applications. This short review briefly describes the functions and characteristics of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, in addition to summarizing the recent status of their applications.

In marine ecosystems, the biosynthesis and catabolism of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by marine bacteria is critical to microbial survival and the ocean food chain. Furthermore, these processes also influence sulfur recycling and climate change. Recent studies using emerging genome sequencing data and extensive bioinformatics analysis have enabled us to identify new DMSP-related genes. Currently, seven bacterial DMSP lyases (DddD, DddP, DddY, DddK, DddL, DddQ and DddW), two acrylate degrading enzymes (DddA and DddC), and four demethylases (DmdA, DmdB, DmdC, and DmdD) have been identified and characterized in diverse marine bacteria. In this review, we focus on the biochemical properties of DMSP cleavage enzymes with special attention to DddD, DddA, and DddC pathways. These three enzymes function in the production of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and CO2 from DMSP. DddD is a DMSP lyase that converts DMSP to 3-hydroxypropionate with the release of dimethylsulfide. 3-Hydroxypropionate is then converted to malonate semialdehyde by DddA, an alcohol dehydrogenase. Then, DddC transforms malonate semialdehyde to acetyl-CoA and CO2 gas. DddC is a putative methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase that requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and CoA cofactors. Here we review recent insights into the structural characteristics of these enzymes and the molecular events of DMSP degradation.

본 연구에서는 게임 토이와 같은 도구를 증강 현실 도구로 사용할 수 있는지 여부와 블루투스 등 무선 통신 기술과 제어가 가능한 모듈을 이용하여 게임 요소로 확장 할 수 있는 시스템 모델을 통하여 살펴보았다. 이것은 증강현실 기술과 무선 통신기술을 활용한 온라인 배들 방식의 게임을 제안한 것이다. 또한 스마트폰 앱 제어 모듈을 적용하여 기존 방식 게임 요소를 확장하였다. 전통적인 토이의 게임 방식은 같은 공간상에서 한정 된 기능만을 가지고 게임을 진행하는 방식을 사용한다. 본 연구는 증강현실 기술의 접목으로 게임 오브젝트와 매칭 되는 방식으로 콘텐츠를 구현하여 증강 현실 기반 게임으로 확장하고, 이를 통해 현실의 한계로 극복하고 다양한 아이템을 사용하여 몰입도 높인다. 따라서 겹침 방지, 거리, 높이 등의 공간 배치에 따라 화면의 모 든 공간에서 입체적으로 사용할 수 있도록 게임 오브젝트의 크기를 표준화하고, 스마트폰의 조작으로 게임을 진행 할 수 있도록 증강 현실 기술을 사용했다. 또한 다양한 게임에 적용 할 수 있는 시스템 프레임 워크 기반의 모델을 제안하고, 다양한 증강 현실 환경을 구현할 수 있는 프레임 워크를 제시한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 증강현실 기반의 배틀 게임은 상황 정보를 기반으로 상황 인식 에이전트와 도메인 지식 기반의 지능형 DB를 통해 장난감의 기능을 모듈화하여 게임 요소로 확장 할 수 있는 지식 기반 증강 현실 시스템을 제안하였다.

최근 의료 기술의 발전과 건강한 삶에 대한 인식이 중요해짐에 에 따라 고령화 사회가 급속히 진행 되는 경향이 있다. 그러나 노인들은 신체활동과 사회활동에 소극적이다. 이러한 환경 요인을 고려한 적절한 운동기기가 필요하다. 전신 진동기기의 경우 노인의 근력강화, 자세균형, 보행 기능에 긍정적인 효과들이 검증되었다. 노인 운동기기의 경우 고려해야할 부분으로는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 흥미와 적극적 참여를 유발하고, 사용자에 대한 동기부여에 있어 다른 프로그램의 적용보다 효과적이어야 한다. 둘째, 이동의 불편함이 없고, 무엇보다 안전하여야 한다. 가상현실을 이용한 운동 프로그램의 경우 쉽고 간편하게 다양한 종류의 운동적용이 가능하다. 그러나 아직 노인들에게 필요한 가상현실 운동기구가 다양하게 제공되지 않고 있다. 특히 가상현실 전신진동기기의 경우 아직 연구와 개발이 진행되고 있는 상황이다. 본 논문은 기존 연구를 바탕으로 전신진동기기를 활용한 가상현실 콘텐츠와 연동할 수 있는 전신진동기기를 제안한다. 또한 운동으로써의 긍정적인 효과를 가질 수 있도록 지능형 레벨 시스템을 적용한다. 지능형 레벨 시스템의 고려 사항으로는 게임레벨에 필요한 적절한 레벨 함수의 도출이다. 즉 운동능력에 적합한 레벨을 자동으로 결정해 줄 수 있는 효율적인 자동레벨 결정시스템의 적용이다. 연구 방법으로는 첫째, 전신 진동기기에 적합한 가상현실 콘텐츠를 제안한다. 전신진동기기는 노인들이 흥미를 가지고 몰입할 수 있도록 설계되어야 한다. 둘째, 다양한 센스를 지원할 수 있게 인터페이스를 설계한다. 셋째, 운동에 대한 보상 요소를 제공하여 만족도와 성취감을 얻도록 설계한다.

The aim of this study was performed to evaluate the effects of ice-binding protein from the arctic yeast Leucosporidium (LeIBP) supplementation on cryopreservation of boar sperm. The collected semen was diluted (1.5×108/ml) in lactose egg yolk (LEY) and cooled at 5°C for 3 h. The cooled semen was then diluted (1×108/ml) in LeIBP containing LEY with 9% glycerol and maintained at 5°C for 30 min. The semen was divided into six experimental groups (control, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP). The straws were kept on above the liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapors for 20 minutes and then plunged into LN2. After thawing, computer-assisted sperm analysis was used for sperm motility and flow cytometry was performed to assess the viability, acrosome integrity (FITC-PSA/PI), ROS (DCF/PI), lipid peroxidation (BODIPY C11/PI) and apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), respectively. No significant responses were observed for sperm motility. However, sperm viability was significantly increased on 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, acrosome integrity was significantly increases LeIBP groups (P < 0.05) and both ROS and lipid peroxidation level were lower in all LeIBP groups than those of control (P < 0.05). On the other hand, a significant higher apoptosis rate was observed in 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml of LeIBP groups compared to control (P < 0.05). It can be assumed that a supplementation of LeIBP in boar sperm freezing extender is an effective method to increase the sperm qualities after cryopreservation.

최근에 본 논문은 지능형 레벨 결정 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 사용자 중심의 마코프 의사 결정과정(MDP)을 활용한 지능형 레벨시스템이다. 이 레벨 시스템의 특징을 다음과 같다. 첫째, 게임 레벨에 필요한 레벨 함수 도출을 위해 마코프 의사결정과정(MDP)을 적용한다. 기본 레벨은 초기 입력 데이터와 생성된 데이터를 기초로 결정된다. 둘째, 사용자 중심의 레벨 결정 시스템을 설계하기 위해서는 실시간 발생되는 입력 파라미터를 처리할 수 있는 레벨함수를 이용한다. 입력 요소는 순발력에 따라 레벨 등급을 판단하고 레벨 함수에 의해 레벨이 적용한다. 적절한 레벨 판단을 위한 보상정책을 설계한다. 셋째, 지능적인 레벨 결정 시스템을 디자인한다. 게임진행을 위해 인터페이스를 단순화한다. 그리고 다양한 센스를 지원할 수 있게 게임을 설계하여 체감형 기기를 활용하여 운동효과를 최대화할 수 있도록 디자인한다.

Some of the deicer ingredients are the same as fertilizer ingredients from agricultural activities. The goal of this study is to distinguish the components of highway deicer from the components used for agriculture. Among the deicer ingredients, Ca and Cl are substances which can be supplied by fertilizer or livestock manure. However, fertilizer and livestock manure contain plenty of nitrogen, organic matter, phosphoric acid and magnesium, including deicer ingredients. The soil physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed according to the distance from the highway. The physico-chemical analysis items of the soil include electrical conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphate (Av.P), organic matter (OM), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). In the case of effective phosphoric acid, leaching into the subsoil is very low due to various binding mechanisms in the soil. However, it is considered that the compost (fertilizer) applied to the topsoil is mixed with the soil by the tillage or flattening operation. In addition to the organic matter content of the subsoil appear to 10% or more is that in some cases exhibit a similar level as the topsoil. The average soil organic matter content of about 2.6%. This results shows that an excess of organic compost in the study area flows into subsoil and was mixed with the subsoil. The high EC value at the points outside the snow removal effect range level is not considered to be affected by the deicer. The results of the survey showed that the values were differently detected by agricultural activities, and that they should be approached in a complex way in their interpretation.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is post-translational modification of cellular proteins related to cell survival, cell death, cellular proliferation and epigenetic events. It has recently been shown to be important for pre-implantation development of mouse embryos. However, its function during early embryonic development of pig is not clear. This study investigated the importance of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during in vitro development of pig embryos produced by in vitro fertilization(IVF) or parthenogenetic activation (PA). Results showed that, chemical inhibition of PARP by 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) did not influence the in vitro development of pig embryos up to morula stage (20±3.1 vs. 28.1±1.2%; p>0.05) but significanlty reduced the rate of blastocyst formation (5.2±2.1 vs. 20±3.1%; p<0.05) when compared to non-treated controls. Furthermore, culture of morula stage embryos in the pressence of 3-AB for 24h significantly reduced the rate of blastocyst formation (19.6± 4.6 vs. 41.4±5.3%; p<0.05) and expansion (4.7±3.0 vs. 28.1±6.1; p<0.05). The proportion of large-sized blastocyst (>200 μm) having higher blastocoel volume (15.3×106 μm3) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in treatment group (32.2±7.8%) compared to non-treated control group (65.7±9.0%). TUNEL assay revealed that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation-inhibited blastocyst had significantly increased indices of apoptosis than those of non-treated controls (10.88±0.02 vs. 2.71±0.01; p<0.05). These data suggest that Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may be important for blastocyst formation in pig embryo.

Urokinas type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been used as a therapeutic agent for treating human diseases such as thrombosis. Attempts to transgenically overexpress the uPA in animal bioreactors have been hampered due to side effects associated with this functional protein hormone on homeostasis. Recently, chicken has been emerged as a potential candidate for use as bioreactor to produce proteins of pharmaceutical importance. Since this species has low homology uPA sequence with mammals, we hypothesized that chicken could be used as a potential bioreactor for production of human uPA. In this study, using replication‐defective Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV)‐based retrovirus vectors encapsidated with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Glycoprotein (VSV‐G), we attempted to make transgenic chicken expressing human uPA (huPA). The recombinant retrovirus was injected beneath the blastoderm of non‐incubated chicken embryos (stage X, at laying). After 21 days of incubation (at hatching), all of the 38 living chicks that assayed, were found to express the vector‐encoded huPA gene in various organs and tissues, which was under the control of the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Using specific primer set for huPA, PCR and RTPCR analyses of gDNA isolated from these samples demonstrated these chickens were transgenic for huPA. Furthermore, successful germ line transmission of huPA transgene was confirmed and next generation whole body huPA transgenic chickens were also produced. We also assayed huPA protein titer in blood (17.1 IU/ml) and eggs (4.4 IU/ml) of whole body huPA transgenic chicken. Thus, our results demonstrated that chicken could be used as bioreactors to produce huPA.

Steel structures with added viscoelastic dampers are analysed to investigat their behavior under earthquake excitation. The direct integration method, which produces exact solution for the non-proportional or non-classical damping system, is used throughout the analysis. The results from modal strain energy method are also provided for comparison. Then a new analytical a, pp.oach, based on the rigid floor diaphragm assumption and matrix condensation technique, is introduced, and the results are compared with those obtained from direct integration method and modal strain energy method. The well known phenomenon, that the effectiveness of the viscoelastic dampers depends greatly on the location of the dampers, is once again confirmed in the analysis. It is also found that the modal strain energy method generaly underestimates the responses obtained from the direct integration method, especially when the dampers are placed in only a part of the building. The proposed method turns out to be very efficient with considerable saving in computation this and reasonably accurate considering the reduced degrees of freedom.

Pod dehiscence (PD), defined as the opening of pods along both the dorsal and ventral sutures, causes the seed to shatter in the field before harvesting and results in loss of seed yields. However, breeding for resistance to PD is difficult due to the complicated genetic behavior and environmental interaction. The objective of the present research was to analyze the genetic behavior of PD for improving the breeding efficiency of resistance to PD in soybean. PD after oven-drying the sampled pod at 40~circC for 24 hours was the most reliable to predict the degree of PD tested in the field. Keunolkong, a dehiscent parent, was crossed with non-dehiscent parents, Sinpaldalkong and Iksan 10. Using their F1~;and~;F2 seeds, PD was measured after oven drying the pod at 40~circC for 24 hours. The gene conferring PD behaved in different manners depending on the genetic populations. In the Keunolkong~times Sinpaldalkong population, PD seemed to be governed by single major recessive gene and minor genes, while several genes were probably involved in the resistance to pod dehiscence in the Keunolkong~times Iksan 10 population. Heritability for PD estimated in F2 population showed over 90~% in the two populations. High heritability of PD indicated that selection for resistance to PD should be effective in a breeding program. In addition, genetic mapping of quantitative locus (QTL) for PD in both populations may reveal that genes conferring PD are population-specific