The development of thermoelectric (TE) materials to replace Bi2Te3 alloys is emerging as a hot issue with the potential for wider practical applications. In particular, layered Zintl-phase materials, which can appropriately control carrier and phonon transport behaviors, are being considered as promising candidates. However, limited data have been reported on the thermoelectric properties of metal-Sb materials that can be transformed into layered materials through the insertion of cations. In this study, we synthesized FeSb and MnSb, which are used as base materials for advanced thermoelectric materials. They were confirmed as single-phase materials by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns. Based on electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity of both materials characterized as a function of temperature, the zT values of MnSb and FeSb were calculated to be 0.00119 and 0.00026, respectively. These properties provide a fundamental data for developing layered Zintl-phase materials with alkali/alkaline earth metal insertions.

호산구성 장염에 의한 급성 췌장염은 매우 드문 질환으로 증상 및 검사실 소견이 특별하지 않아 진단이 어렵다. 급성 췌장염의 원인이 명확하지 않은 경우, 가능한 원인으로 매우 드물지만 호산구성 위장염이 있을 수 있으며, 본 저자들은 호산구성 위십이지장염에 의해 발생한 재발성 급성 췌장염을 진단하고 류코트리엔 수용체 길항제로 치료하였던 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

본 연구는 온실의 온도와 CO2농도를 높이기 위해 DME버너용 연료로 DME가스를 사용했을 때 DME 연소가스의 성능을 결정하고 겨울에 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량 그리고 무게와 건조무게에 대한 영향정도를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 각각 온실1과 온실2에 처방 된 DME-1과 DME-2 처방은 덕트의 평균 DME 유량 17.4 m3 min-1과10.2 m3 min-1으로 구성됐으며, 대조군(DME-3)으로 남겨진 온실3에는 DME 가스가 공급되지 않 았다. DME 공급 시간은 각각 주차 별로 1주차는 하루당 0.5시간, 2주차는 1시간, 3주차는 1.5시간, 4주차는 2 시간으로 설정하였다. 각각 처방마다 엽록소 함량과 상추와 배추의 건조 전, 후 중량을 측정했으며, 연구결과 무처리구인 온실3과 비교하여 온실1과 온실2 의 CO2 농도는 각각 265%, 174% 증가하였고, 온도의 경우 4.8oC, 3.10oC 상승하였다. DME 가스를 제외한 다른 조건이 같은 온실에서 재배된 상추와 양배추의 엽록소 함량과 생체중, 건물중은 온실1에서 (유의적으로) 가장 높았으며, 온실2는 대조구 온실보다 높았다. 이러한 결과는 DME가스 연소에 의한 CO2 농도 차이에 기인된 것으로 판단된다. 일반적으로 가스연소에 의해 발생되는 유해가스 증상은 나타나지 않았으며 동절기 난방과 CO2 공급이 동시에 필요할 경우 DME가스가 기존의 경유 또는 LPG 등을 대체할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 향후 정밀한 연구를 통하여 효율적인 난방방식으로의 검토가 적극 필요하다고 판단된다.

DNA 바코드를 기반으로 하여 외국발 국내 입항 선박에서 검출되는 편승자 해충(hitchhiker insect pests)에 대한 모니터링을 수행하였다. 국내 입항 선박 조사는 2018년 6월 1일부터 2018년 9월 17일까지 약 109일간 111개 선박에 대해 실시하였다. 모니터링 대상 해충은 ‘보고잡기법(simply collecting method by hands)’으로 확보하였으며, 총 336개체 에 대해 종동정을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 확보 해충 중 농림축산검역본부에 ‘관리해충(Regulated insect pest)’으로 등재되어 있는 Noctua pronuba를 포함하여 총 13종 21개체(Amata formosae (Erebidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Arippara disticha (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Chondracris rosea (Acrididae, Orthoptera, 4개체), Cyrtacanthacris tatarica (Acrididae, Orthoptera, 1개체), Euhampsonia serratifera (Notodontidae, Lepidoptera, 3개체), Lemyra rhodophilodes (Erebidae, Lepidoptera, 2개체), Lymantria xylina (Erebidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Malacosoma dentata (Lasiocampidae, Lepidoptera, 3개체), Neochauliodes meridionalis (Corydalidae, Megaloptera, 1개체), Noctua pronuba (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Parasa pastoralis (Limacodidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Psilogramma lukhtanovi (Sphingidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체), Syntypistis viridipicta (Notodontidae, Lepidoptera, 1개체))의 국내 미서식종이 채집되었으며, 확보된 21개체 중 15개체는 살아있는 상태로 검출되었다. 특히, 관리해충인 N. pronuba의 경우, 싱가포르에서 광양을 거쳐 포항항으로 입항한 선박에서 검출되었는데, 이 종은 유럽을 비롯하여 중동 및 중앙아시아까지 서식하는 종으로 1990년대 북미 대륙에 침입한 것으로 확인된 바 있다. 이에 따라, N. pronuba를 비롯하여 현 조사에 확인된 국내 미서식 편승자 해충의 편승 유무에 대한 정밀 모니터링 뿐만 아니라 위 종들에 대한 체계적인 위험성 평가 역시 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Customer management based on Customer lifetime value has emerged as the most effective way of doing business due to the ability to foster profitable CRM (Verhoef & Lemon, 2013; Villanueva & Hanssens, 2007). Although there has been much conceptual evidence of the positive link between customer equity and firm’s performance(Blattberg, Malthouse, and Neslin 2009), comparison of relationships between two competing firms based on customer equity and firm profitability is limited. Therefore, this research examines the role of customer equity on the firm profitability by comparing the company type such as leader and follower in customer equity setting. The result shows that the effect of newly acquired Customer equity of the second tier company is stronger than that of the top tier company while the effect of retained customer equity of the top company is stronger than that of the second tier company. Overall, the results provide strategic implications for firms to use a different customer equity strategy in a competitive market structure.

This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response the effects of nano-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) on in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Nano-encapsulated CLAs(LF, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; HF, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; LT, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG; HT, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were added to the in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production on incubation with nano-encapsulated CLAs was increased significantly according to the incubation time, compared with the control(p<0.05). The tVFA concentrations on addition of LF and HT were significantly higher than that of the control(p<0.05). Thus, nano-encapsulated CLAs might improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens which is closely related to ruminal biohydrogenation was increased by adding HT, while decreased by adding LF at 12 h incubation. These results showed that nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by maintaining the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation profiles considering the optimal dosage.

본 연구는 퇴비에 함유된 영양소 및 중금속 함량을 파악하고 상추 재배시 퇴비의 적정 시용 비율을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 실험을 위해 두가지 퇴비를 이용하였다. 첫 번째 퇴비는 미완숙 퇴비(CA)이며 두 번째 퇴비는 시중에서 판매되고 있는 완숙 퇴비(CB)이다. 각각의 퇴비는 인공토양을 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%로 혼합하여 사용하였다. 50%와 75%의 비율로 혼합한 CA의 pH는 각각 5.39, 5.50으로 측정되었으며 약 산성으로 나타났다. CA 및 CB를 75% 비율로 혼합할 경우, 총 탄소 함량은 각각 14.5%와 6.5%로 다른 비율의 퇴비에 비해 높았고 대조구에 비해 총 질소와 인 농도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 총 탄소함량은 CA퇴비를 인공토양에 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. CA는 CB와 비교하여 퇴비화율, 질소, 인의 농도가 크게 증가하였다. CB 75% 혼합한 실험구에서 구리(128 mg kg-1), 아연(260 mg kg-1), 납(0.32 mg kg-1), 카드뮴(0.48 mg kg-1) 의 함량은 다른 혼합구에 비해 가장 많은 증가하였다. 특히 비소는 CA퇴비를 25% 혼합한 실험구와 CB퇴비를 75%, 50% 혼합한 실험구에서 가장 높았다(6.69 and 6.28 mg kg-1). CA실험구 중에서 상대적으로 낮은 염분 및 중금속 함량을 함유한 CA 25% 혼합한 실험구는 상추의 성장속도 및 엽면적 등이 CB에 비해 낮게 측정되어 최적의 성장조건은 아닌 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, CA를 사용하여 상추재배에 이용할 경우, 더 낮은 농도의 CA를 이용하는 것이 적당할 것으로 판단된다.

Although there has been much conceptual evidence of the positive link between customer equity and firm’s performance, comparison of relationships between two firms based on customer equity and firm profitability is limited. However, there is an increasing demand for research that investigates the relationship between firms in the competitive market structure. Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine the role of customer equity on firm profitability by comparing two firms, in a customer equity setting. The result shows that the effect of newly acquired CE of the second top company is stronger than that of the top company while the effect of retained CE of the top company is stronger than that of the second top company. Overall, the results offer strategic implications for firms to implement a different customer equity strategy in this competitive market structure.

DNA methylation is the most common and well-characterized epigenetic change in human cancer. Recently, the association between GATA-binding protein 5 (GATA5) methylation and carcinogenesis of various types of tumors was investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GATA5 methylation status on clinicopathological features and prognosis in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients with a long-term follow-up period. The GATA5 methylation status was determined for 171 human bladder specimens (eight normal controls [NCs] and 163 primary NMIBC patients) using quantitative pyrosequencing analysis. The primary NMIBC tissues were obtained from patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) for histologically diagnosed transitional cell carcinomas between 1995 and 2012 at Chungbuk National University Hospital. GATA5 methylation was significantly higher in NMIBC patients than in NCs and was significantly associated with higher grade and more advanced stage of cancer. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed significant differences in tumor recurrence and progression according to GATA5 methylation status (each p<0.05). Our results show that increased methylation of GATA5 was significantly associated with not only aggressive characteristics but also poor prognosis in primary NMIBC patients. Alteration of GATA5 methylation might be used as a biomarker for prognosis of NMIBC patients. However, prospective and functional investigations are necessary to clarify the role of GATA5 methylation in future clinical management of patients with NMIBC.

This study was conducted to investigate the distributional characteristics of ground beetles and to provide basis information for biodiversity management including the ground beetles in the Naejangsan National Park area. Pitfall traps were installed throughout 20 sites within Naejangsan National Park during 2008 to 2011 to collect ground beetles. A total of 2,409 collected ground beetles were identified with 35 species belonging to 19 genera of 8 subfamilies. Coptolabrus jankowskii jankowskii, Eucarabus sternbergi sternbergi, and Pterosticus audax were dominant at the core area, while Pheropsophus jessoensis, Synuchus nitidus, Synuchus cycloderus, and Chlaenius naeviger were dominant at the border of the National Park and adjacent to the road or grassland. These differences of dominant species also affected to the similarity of species composition between core and border area, and caused increasing dissimilarities between sites with cluster analysis. Although the result of the present study was a case study using ground beetles, it will be helpful to develop a management strategy of biodiversity conservation in Naejangsan National Park and its surroundings.

The purpose of the present study is to provide exercises, together with music, that are helpful for elderly people’s balancing ability, and to determine their effects in order to provide data for the promotion of elderly persons’health. Thirty elderly persons were randomly assigned to a balance training group(BTG) of 15 subjects, or a music and balance training group (music therapy + balance training [MTBTG]) of 15 subjects; intervention was implemented three times per week for six weeks. To measure the changes in their balancing ability before and after the experiment, the limit of stability, the“Timed Up and Go”(TUG) test, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were measured. Changes in the limit of stability before and after the experiment were shown to be significant in both the BTG and the MTBTG. Changes in the limit of stability of the right side before and after the experiment showed statistically significant differences between the BTG and the MTBTG. Changes in the TUG test and the BBS before and after the experiment were shown to be statistically significant in both the BTG and the MTBTG. The application of music during balance training thus is considered to have a positive effect on elderly persons’balancing ability.

Decision Tree is one of analysis techniques which conducts grouping and prediction into several sub-groups from interested groups. Researcher can easily understand this progress and explain than other techniques. Because Decision Tree is easy technique to see results. This paper uses CART algorithm which is one of data mining technique. It used 273 variables and 70094 data(2010-2011) of working environment survey conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA). And then refines this data, uses final 12 variables and 35447 data. To find satisfaction factor in working environment, this page has grouped employee to 3 types (under 30 age, 30 ~ 49age, over 50 age) and analyzed factor. Using CART algorithm, finds the best grouping variables in 155 data. It appeared that ‘comfortable in organization’ and ‘proper reward’ is the best grouping factor.

This study was performed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance of food-borne pathogens isolated from retail meat in Korea. A total of 157 samples of beef, pork, and chicken were collected and analyzed for E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter. Resistances to tetracycline were declined in accord with reduced usage of tetracycline in live stock production. E. coli stains from chicken meat had higher multi-drug resistance ratio than strains from other meat. One extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and two ESBL producing Salmonella were identified in this study. ESBL producing Salmonella strains were confirmed to carry CTX-M-1 type genes.