Anomaly detection technique for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is one of the important techniques for ensuring airframe stability. There have been many researches on anomaly detection techniques using deep learning. However, most of research on the anomaly detection techniques are not consider the limited computational processing power and available energy of UAVs. Deep learning model convert to the model compression has significant advantages in terms of computational and energy efficiency for machine learning and deep learning. Therefore, this paper suggests a real-time anomaly detection model for the UAVs, achieved through model compression. The suggested anomaly detection model has three main layers which are a convolutional neural network (CNN) layer, a long short-term memory model (LSTM) layer, and an autoencoder (AE) layer. The suggested anomaly detection model undergoes model compression to increase computational efficiency. The model compression has same level of accuracy to that of the original model while reducing computational processing time of the UAVs. The proposed model can increase the stability of UAVs from a software perspective and is expected to contribute to improving UAVs efficiency through increased available computational capacity from a hardware perspective.

This study evaluated the effects of solid and water-soluble extracts derived from torrefied Pinus densiflora on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) germination and growth, as well as the cultivation efficiency of torrefied materials combined with plant nutrient solutions. Torrefied samples were prepared under various conditions (200°C, 220°C, 240°C for 20–80 minutes) and mixed with sand at ratios from 20% to 100%. Liquid extracts were formulated with macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg) and micronutrients (Mn, B, Fe, Cu) and applied to leafy and root vegetables. Germination tests showed that 60% and 80% torrefied treatments had the highest and most consistent rates, with torrefied samples promoting more rapid and stable germination than controls. A two-way ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between treatment and concentration (p = 0.043), suggesting concentration-specific effects. While shoot length showed no significant difference, root growth was marginally significant (p = 0.064), with washed torrefied material producing the longest roots. Physical analysis revealed that torrefied materials improved soil thermal retention and moisture-holding capacity. However, increasing torrefied content reduced porosity, likely due to fine particles filling soil pores. In conclusion, torrefied P. densiflora materials exhibit strong potential to enhance germination, root development, and soil condition. Optimal results were achieved with 40–60% solid mixtures for germination and 60–80% diluted extracts for rapid and consistent seedling growth. When optimally applied, they may serve as effective, sustainable amendments in cultivation systems.

Background: Aquatic exercise utilizing hot springs helps individuals with nonspecific knee pain by reducing joint stress and providing a safe environment for movement. It can improve muscle strength and balance, enhancing overall functional mobility. Objects: This study aims to examine the muscle strength of knee flexion, knee extension, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion, as well as to investigate static and dynamic balance in middleaged females after performing hot spring aquatic exercise for 4 weeks. Methods: Twenty-two middle-aged females participated in the study. The participants performed hot spring aquatic exercise for 4 weeks. The hot spring aquatic exercise consisted of aquatic walking, aquatic stretching, aquatic side step, aquatic forward reach, aquatic squat, leg lift, and aquatic arm and leg rotation. Muscle strength was measured using microFET2, while static balance was assessed through the one-leg stance test, and dynamic balance was evaluated using the Y-balance test. This study utilized the paired t-test for statistical analysis, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: The muscle strength of bilateral knee flexion showed a significant increase in the pre- and post-comparison (p < 0.05), and the muscle strength of bilateral knee extension also improved significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase was observed in the muscle strength of bilateral dorsiflexion (p < 0.05). The one-leg stance test performed while supporting on the right leg showed a significant increase in the pre- and post-comparison (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dynamic balance measurements performed while supporting on both the right and left legs demonstrated significant improvements in both legs when compared before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In individuals with nonspecific knee pain, a 4-week hot spring aquatic exercise program can contribute to the improvement of lower extremity strength, as well as static and dynamic balance ability.

Effective cooling strategies are critical for cultivating high-quality ornamental plants during the summer. The fan-and-pad cooling system reduces greenhouse temperatures by drawing air through wet pads, which humidify and cool the air, aided by fans on the opposite side. However, the paper-based pads (corrugated cellulose) used in this system have limited durability and degrade with prolonged use. Nanocomposite hydrogels, with their polymer-based structure, can absorb and retain moisture through swelling, presenting a promising alternative. This study examines the application of nanocomposite hydrogels, focusing on their hygroscopic properties and cooling efficiency under various temperatures and wind speeds. When treated with lithium chloride solutions at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% saturation, higher LiCl concentrations reduced weight but increased swelling capacity. Optimal cooling effects were achieved with wind speeds of 1.0 m/s at 25°C and 1.5 m/s at 35°C, with greater efficiency observed at lower wind speeds. These findings suggest that integrating nanocomposite hydrogels into cooling pads could enhance durability and reduce maintenance compared with conventional paper pads.

This study investigates the factors influencing the seed longevity of Quercus myrsinifolia, a species with recalcitrant seeds highly sensitive to desiccation and freezing. The effects of moisture content, seed collection date, and storage methods on seed viability were analyzed using exponential decay modeling. Interactions between these factors were also explored to refine conservation strategies. Seeds with moisture content above 40% demonstrated a predicted seed longevity of 2.19 years, whereas those with moisture content below 30% had seed longevity of less than 1 year. Late-season seeds collected in November and December exhibited superior germination percentages and longer predicted seed longevity (1.32 years) compared to early-season seeds collected in September and October (<1 year). In seed weight, large seeds (2.0 g) showed longer predicted seed longevity about 1.5 times greater than that of small seeds (<1.2g). Storage methods significantly affected seed longevity, with refrigerator (4°C) with silica gel maintaining viability for 2–3 years, while seeds stored at room temperature (25°C) exhibited a seed longevity of less than 1 year. Silica gel was found to prevent seed deterioration due to over-desiccation, emphasizing the importance of balanced moisture regulation. Q. myrsinifolia seeds exhibited 𝑏 values ranging from 0.30 to 2.04, demonstrating a close relationship between decay constant, moisture content, storage conditions, and seed longevity. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing seed storage and propagation strategies for Q. myrsinifolia, contributing to its conservation and ecological restoration efforts.

As the pace of technological advances accelerates, the role of electrical energy storage has become increasingly important. Among various storage solutions, supercapacitors are garnering significant attention. Their unique attributes, including high power density, rapid charge/discharge capabilities, and extended lifecycle, position them as a promising alternative to conventional batteries. This study investigates the synthesis of a nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel oxide/graphene oxide (NiO/GO) composite using a single-step hydrothermal method, to evaluate their potential as supercapacitor electrode materials. The synthesized NiO, graphene oxide (GO), and NiO/GO composite were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy to analyze their crystal structures and chemical bonding. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of an NiO phase with a rhombohedral crystal structure, and no change after GO incorporation. SEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical NiO particles and porous morphology of the NiO/GO composite, which also exhibited a spherical shape. The GO displayed a randomly arranged wrinkled sheet-like structure. Electrochemical analysis of the NiO/GO composite exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 893 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1, surpassing that of NiO and GO alone, demonstrating NiO/GO has promising performance for supercapacitor applications. The charge transfer resistance, derived from the Nyquist plot, suggests that the reduction in charge transfer resistance contributed significantly to the improved capacitance. Additional stability studies of over 5,000 cycles at 5 A g-1 revealed an 85 % initial capacitance retention, confirming the advantages of GO inclusion to improve material retention for superior long-term performance. The asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled using an electrode with the configuration NiO/GO//activated carbon (AC) showed a specific capacitance of 77.8 F g-1 obtained at a current density of 0.5 A g-1.

진저 비어는 생강과 설탕을 이용한 발효 음료로, 가볍 게 탄산화된 특유의 매운맛이 특징이며, 주로 가정에서 직 접 만들어진다. Ginger bug라는 스타터 컬처를 사용한 자 연적 발효 과정을 통해 만들어지며, 이는 상업용 음료와 달리 발효된 상태의 살아있는 미생물을 포함한다. 이 연 구는 두 가지 다른 방법으로 가정용 진저 비어를 직접 제 조하여 진저 비어의 미생물 군집의 변화를 분석하고자 하 였다. 레시피 1과 2의 발효 결과, 총 균수(aerobic plate count, APC)는 최대 6 log CFU/mL에 도달했고, 효모와 곰팡이 수(yeast and mold, YM)는 6.5 log CFU/mL로 가 장 높았다. 레시피 2에서는 진저 비어를 만들기 전에 ginger bug를 발효하였으므로 알코올 함량이 0.655%까지 증가한 반면, 레시피 1에서는 0.15% 미만이었다. 다양성 분석 결 과, ginger bug에서 높은 수준의 Enterobacteriaceae가 발견 되어 발효 과정과 재료 취급이 미생물 군집 변화에 영향 을 미쳤음을 시사했다. 생강과 진저 비어 전반에서 Lactococcus가 낮은 수준으로 검출되었고, 진저 비어에서 는 셀룰로오스를 분해하는 Trabulsiella 균주가 발견되어 프로바이오틱스 가능성을 시사하였다. 본 연구는 진저 비 어의 미생물 군집에 대한 최초의 연구로, 진저 비어 제조 시 재료로부터 기원한 미생물이 어떻게 변화하는지에 대 한 통찰을 제공한다. 또한, 다양한 환경에서의 발효 조건 이 미생물 군집과 제품의 품질에 미치는 영향을 탐구하는 데 기여할 것이다. 연구 결과는 진저 비어의 품질 향상에 대한 향후 연구에 중요한 자료를 제공할 것이다.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a revolutionary class of materials characterized by their multi-principal element compositions and exceptional mechanical properties. Powder metallurgy, a versatile and cost-effective manufacturing process, offers significant advantages for the development of HEAs, including precise control over their composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. This review explores innovative approaches integrating powder metallurgy techniques in the synthesis and optimization of HEAs. Key advances in powder production, sintering methods, and additive manufacturing are examined, highlighting their roles in improving the performance, advancement, and applicability of HEAs. The review also discusses the mechanical properties, potential industrial applications, and future trends in the field, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future prospects of HEA development using powder metallurgy.

This study aims to identify crisis signs in small and medium enterprise (SME)-concentrated regions and establish measures to prevent economic recession and normalize regional economies through proactive responses. To achieve this, we investigated and analyzed the crisis status and outlook of companies located in Jeonbuk, their detailed management conditions, management issues by industry, difficulties in business operations, and policy demands. Out of 4,144 SMEs in Jeonbuk's concentrated areas, 270 companies responded to the survey. The results showed that 60% of the responding companies perceived their current management situation as being in a state of crisis. However, the outlook for the next quarter and the following year is expected to improve. Notably, compared to manufacturing companies, non-manufacturing firms responded that their crisis situation in the next quarter would not improve and expected the crisis to persist. In terms of detailed business conditions, regardless of the distinction between manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors, all aspects of the survey, including domestic sales, export sales, operating profit, financial status, and the number of employees, indicated better prospects for the next quarter and the following year compared to the current quarter. The study's findings suggest that companies in SME-concentrated areas of Jeonbuk are relatively accurate in recognizing the crisis situation of their own businesses and operating markets. Additionally, the companies responded that crisis monitoring is necessary. Differences in difficulties faced by the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors imply the need for industry-specific financial support programs. Based on the survey results, we propose financial support projects tailored to the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors, considering the degree of market competition. For more precise research, future studies will involve extracting larger samples and conducting a detailed analysis by subdividing manufacturing sectors (e.g., food, metal) and non-manufacturing sectors (e.g., agriculture, design).