In women’s clothing the shoulders are distorted and exaggerated. Consequently, the wearers’ bodies are transformed and interpreted according to modern standards. We therefore refer to this aspect of women’s clothing as the power shoulder. This study aims to analyze the differences in sensibility images on variations in the shoulder shape of power shoulder jackets. Nine samples were examined that involved combinations of three variations of the shoulder height and three variations of the shoulder width. The data was evaluated by 123 fashion design majors. Four factors were selected: attractiveness, personality, activity, and self-respect. Among these factors, attractiveness is the most important. The study results indicated that changes in shoulder height acted as a major effect that had an independent influence on all four factors. In contrast, changes in shoulder width acted as a major effect that had an independent influence on attractiveness, personality, and activity but not on self-respect. It also had an influence on the interaction effect of attractiveness, personality, activity, and self-respect. We anticipate that this study will help individual customers select clothing that is suitable for their preference and body shape because it is now possible for them to estimate images of power shoulder jackets.

본 논문에서는 Co-Rotational plane beam transient analysis EDISON program(CR-보)를 이용한 에어포일 단면형상 변화 에 따른 진동특성 연구를 수행하였다. Co-Rotational 평면 보 해석은 대 회전과 작은 변형률을 갖는 보 해석에 적합하다. 항 공기의 날개를 외팔보로 가정하여, VABS를 통한 단면해석과 Fourier 변환을 통해 각 단면형상 변화에 따른 에어포일의 고 유진동수를 비교하였다. VABS를 사용하여 단면의 형상과 재료의 적층 정보를 고려한 단면에서의 유한요소 해석을 수행하 였다. 에어포일의 재질, spar 유무, 단일 등방성 재료·복합재료, 에어포일 최대두께의 변화에 따라 에어포일의 끝단 진폭과 고유진동수가 변화함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 에어포일 고유진동수 변화는 2차 관성모멘트/단면적, 밀도, 영률의 변화에 상당한 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서 개발된 자동천공기는 콩의 재식밀도를 고려한 비닐 천공능력이 작업주행속도 0.18- 0.28m/s 조건에서 콩의 주간거리 0.20m, 0.25m, 0.30m에 대해 각각 320-500m2/h, 260-400m2/h, 210-330m2/h의 범위로 나타났다. 천공율은 칼날과 지면간 30mm 거리에서 비닐이 100% 천공되었으 며, 50mm 거리에서 원형칼날 16.7-25.2%, 사각칼날 33.0-42.3%, 육각칼날 54.5-100.0% 범위에서 천공되었다. 또한, 육각칼날 60°에서 비닐 절단면이 매끄럽고 부드러워 절단품질이 가장 우수하였다.

Current study was performed to investigate the effect of morphological properties of black ginseng such as size and shape on the quality of black ginseng. The raw ginsengs were separated based on size (medium, large, and extra-large) and shape (straight ginseng, fibrous root ginseng). Subsequently, the raw ginsengs were steamed at 95℃ for 3 h and dried in the presence of heated air at 50℃ for 30 h. This process was repeated nine times for black ginseng production. The physiochemical properties such as the content of acidic polysaccharides, ginsenosides, and antioxidative activity were evaluated. Although minor difference in physiochemical properties such as acidic polysaccharide content in raw ginseng was observed, no statistical difference in the content of acidic polysaccharides, total phenols, and ginsenosides was observed during final black ginseng production based on size classification. The minor ginsenosides in fibrous root black ginseng, such as Rk3, Rh4, Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 were higher in content than straight black ginseng. However, no correlation between the shape of ginseng and total phenol content and antioxidative activity was observed. Therefore, present results demonstrate that the difference in ginseng size in same-age and -production area does not affect the quality of black ginseng. Furthermore, difference in ginseng shape does not influence the overall quality of black ginseng. It is hypothesized that this study would be considered as supportive data for the production of high-quality black ginseng.

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are known to be highly vulnerable to seismic loadings. Although significant physical variation may exist for URM buildings that fall into a same structural category, a single set of fragility curves is typically used as a representation of the seismic vulnerability of the URM structures. This study investigates the effect of physical variation of URM structures on their seismic performance level. Variables that describe the physical variation of the structure are defined based on the inventory analysis. Seismic behavior of the structures is then monitored by changing the variables to investigate the effect of each variable. The analysis results show that among the variables considered the seismic performance of URM building depends on the variation of the width, the aspect ratio, and the number of story. The need for further research on the modeling of the connections between the walls and diaphragms and the torsional effect is also addressed.

Wire rods having various sectional shape are generally used in various applications. In a 2-roll shape rolling process, step-by-step rolling operations are executed repeatedly and the rollers must be changed whenever the sectional shape of wire rod is changed. The frequent changes of the rollers and discontinuous repeated operations are cause various shortcomings such as increase of manufacturing cost and reduction in precision. We had developed a high precision automatic wire rod manufacturing system to reduce these shortcomings in the previous study. In this study, we evaluated the field application performance of the developed system in terms of straightness, thickness deviation, surface precision, tensile and hardness of the wire rod in order to verify the feasibility of the system.

To control the flow of fluid, several kinds of valves are used. Especially, Main Control Valve (MCV) is the key element of hydraulic system which performs complex control not only controlling the flow of fluid, but also prevent damage of equipment by supplying proper hydraulic pressure to actuator and draining over-supplied hydraulic pressure. While general control valves are producing in domestically, entire quantity of main control valves are depended on importation and it depreciates competitiveness in cost, and time. In this study, to derive the best design of notch structure by following the orifice flow of 6-linked main control valve and the relation between “notch structure” which is the most fundamental element to control the velocity of the fluid and “pressure distribution”, the flow characteristic is compared by comprehending hydraulic pressure and velocity of the fluid using CFD simulation when spool valve is used for “meter-in” and “meter-out” through the opening of the notch structure.

본 연구에서는 양파정식기의 정식시 개공기와 토양 간 상대속도를 최대한 0으로 근접시키기 위해 4절 링크-캠 기구를 갖는 정식시험장치를 제작하여 정식시험을 실시하고 최적 작업조건 및 형상을 구명하였 다. 시험조건은 모종나이 50일, 주간거리 130, 140, 150mm, 정식속도 45, 50, 55, 60No/min, 토양수 분함유량 10, 20, 30%, 토양 관수 후 경과 일 수 1, 2, 3, 4일로 하였다. 시험결과 정식률은 주간거리 140mm와 정식속도 50∼55No/min에서 100%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 식부자세는 사질양토에서 주간거리 140mm, 정식속도 50No/min일때 평균 11.2±13.9°로 가장 안정적인 자세로 정식하였고 개공폭은 38.2±1.9mm로 가장 작게 나타나 식부개공기 직경 34mm보다 4.2mm밀림이 나타났다. 최대하중평균은 정식속도 60No/min, 주간거리 150mm일때 45.1±5.1N로 나타났고, 최대정식동력은 124.2±11.8W로 나 타났다. 토양수분함유량은 30%일때 가장 낮았고, 관수 후 1일차가 가장 낮았다. 개선된 4절링크-캠 방 식 식부장치는 주간거리 140mm에 맞는 캠 형상을 갖게 함으로서 개공기-토양 상대속도가 0이 될 수 있었다. 따라서 본 양파정식기 식부장치는 필요 주간거리에 맞추어 상대속도 0의 캠 형상을 갖게 함으 로서 식부성능을 최대화할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

Through this study, velocity distribution characteristics of exit section and downstream straight length of square sectional 180° and 90° curved ducts were numerically analyzed with RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) by changing various flow parameters such as air velocity, surface roughness and hydraulic diameter etc. As a result of it, the maximum velocity profiles according to air velocity in 180° and 90° curved ducts were indicated at Y/D=0.8 and X/D=0.7 region. Also, the efficient measuring location in bended duct downstream was able to suggest when the most stable straight duct length in flow deviations were indicated at L/D=30 and L/D=10 region, and the standard deviation characteristics according to hydraulic diameter were mostly indicated at L/D=15∼30 and L/D=10 region considering minimum deviations in the same velocity condition.

In this study, the analyses of structure, fatigue and vibration with two models of 1 and 2. As the result of structural analysis, the equivalent stress and the total deforamtion of model 1 become higher than those of model 2.Model 1 shows fatigue life more than model 2. As the vibration analysis, model 1 has the safety better than model 2. As shown by these results, the main parts ofdamage and the weak areas can be investigated to differ from each other according to the configuration of model though these models have the same material property. The result of this study through the analysis can be applied to develop the optimal design of automotive seat frame with durabilty and safety.

Wire rods having various sectional shape are generally used directly in various applications. In the shape rolling, a couple of grooved rollers are used and the groove match the sectional shape of the wire rod. In this 2 roll system, a couple of rollers must be changed whenever the sectional shape of the wire rod is changed, and the frequent changes of roller cause rise of manufacturing cost. In this study, in order to apply a highly precise 4 roll rolling mill developed in previous studies on the shape rolling manufacturing process, the raw wire feeding equipment, 2 roll rolling mill, turks Head rolling mill, large heat treatment equipment, a steam cleaning equipment, a large winding equipment, cooling equipment, a tension adjustment equipment, designed and manufactured to the main control system. In addition, the problems corrected throughout these various equipments for manufacturing high-precision automatic rolling mill system developed by assembling more than six months and was conducted between complementary and testing process.

Unloading operation by the unloader is dependent on the experience of the operator in the cabin. If the operator receives information about the unloading situation in the process of lifting the bucket, it is possible to prevent the collision of the bucket with the ship structure. In recent years, numerous measurement systems have become available on the market for three-dimensional surveying of objects, but they are very expensive. This study presents a high quality, low cost 3D laser scanning system designed for object recognition. The developed 3D laser scanning system is built on the base of a 2D laser sensor by the extension with a servo motor and a rotation module. In order to evaluate performance of the developed 3D laser scanning system, the developed system was applied to scan a shape of hatch and cargo holder on a cargo ship. Experimental results showed that to obtain a 3D scanning data for the area around the hatch and cargo holder.

이 연구의 목적은 오론서 피네의 하트형 세계지도를 하트의 상징적 의미와 동아시아 정보의 관점에서 연구하는 것이다. 피네가 하트형 투영법을 채택한 이유로는 국왕 프랑수아 1세에 대한 충성을 표현하고 또 자신의 하트 기호에 대한 선호가 작용한 것으로 판명되었다. 지도속의 동아시아 정보는 아메리카와 아시아가 하나의 대륙으로 표기된 가운데, 마르코 폴로와 피가페타의 정보에 의존했음을 확인했다. 그리고 테라 오스트랄리스의 북쪽에 인도의 파탈리스 지역과 인도로 오인되는 남쪽의 브라질을 표기해, 16세기 디페 학파의 지도에서 대자바로 표기되는 근거를 제공했음을 알 수 있었다.

This study analyzes gestation stall structures with high strength concrete. The ANSYS program described in this paper is effective not only because it shows good accuracy but also it shows the goodness of parameter studies by using APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language). We have performed the various parameter studies by thickness change. The results is presented by using contours and tables. The analysis results showed that it was effective to increase the height thickness(tz) rather than longitudinal thickness(tx).

Wire rods having various sectional shape are generally used directly in various applications. In the shape rolling, a couple of grooved rollers are used and the groove match the sectional shape of the wire rod. In this 2 roll system, a couple of rollers must be changed whenever the sectional shape of the wire rod is changed, and the frequent changes of roller cause rise of manufacturing cost. We developed a 4 roll wire rolling mill that reduce the disadvantage of 2 roll rolling, at the same time improving quality of the wire rods and reducing production costs. The present work is focused on the development of a high precision 4 roll wire rolling mill for the wire rods that have various rectangle sectional shape.

The Magneto-Rheological fluid is the suspended material having the ferromagnetic particles with micrometer size that can change properties by applying magnetic fields. In this paper, the shape design of the T-Flange Magneto-Rheological brake is conducted theoretically. The equations for transmitted torque are derived according to T-Flange configurations of the Magneto-Rheological brake. This feature has more output torque than conventional types. The validity of theoretical results is verified by conducting an analysis of an electromagnet using the finite element method. Then the effectiveness of braking torque is verified to reinforce by comparing the output torque of the conventional Magneto-Rheological brakes.

Incremental sheet metal forming is a manufacturing process to produce thin parts using sheet metals by a series of small incremental deformation. The process rarely needs dedicated dies and molds, thus, preparation time for the process is relatively short as to be compared to conventional metal forming. Spring back in sheet metal working is very common, which causes critical errors in dimensions. Incremental sheet metal forming is not fully investigated yet. Hence, incremental sheet metal forming frequently produces inaccurate parts. This paper proposes a method to minimize dimensional errors to improve shape accuracy of products manufactured by incremental forming. This study conducts experiments using an exclusive incremental forming machine and the material for these experiments are sheets of aluminum AL1015. This research defines a process parameter and selects a few factors for the experiments. The parameters employed in this paper are tool feed rate, tool diameter, step depth, material thickness, forming method, dies applied, and tool path method. In addition, their levels for each factor are determined. The plan of the experiments is designed using orthogonal array L8 (27) which requires minimum number of experiments. Based on the measurements, dimensional errors are collected both on the tool contacted surfaces and on the non-contacted surfaces. The distances between the formed surfaces and the CAD models are scanned and recorded using a commercial software product. These collected data are statistically analyzed and ANOVAs (analysis of variances) are drawn up. From the ANOVAs, this paper concludes that the process parameters of tool diameter, forming depth, and forming method are the significant factors to reduce the errors on the tool contacted surface. On the other hand, the experimental factors of forming method and dies applied are the significant factors on the non-contacted surface. However, the negative forming method always produces better accuracy than the positive forming method.

A new Hibiscus cultivar ‘Woolred’ having vigorous growth, uniform plant habit, upright, compact branches, and unique flower shape was developed through interspecific crosses between H. sinosyriacus ‘Seobong’ (♀) and H. syriacus ‘Samchully’ ( ♂ ). Hibiscus breeding program was initiated in 2002 and Hibiscus × ‘Woolred’ was preliminarily selected as ‘R-161’ in 2004 due to its vigorous growth and stable flower quality with rich pink flower. The selected line was further evaluated for different growth characteristics such as leaf shape, leaf size, flowering characteristics, and tested for distinctness, homogeneity, and stability during 2007-2009. The new cultivar ‘Woolred’ had violet pink color flower (RHS N74C) with red eye spot, medium in size having fan petals. The size of flower was 11.5 cm and size of red eye was 3.2 cm. Leaves were 7.7 cm long and 4.2 cm wide. After the plant characteristics evaluation for 3 years (2007 ~ 2009), it was registered as a cultivar ‘Woolred’ (3702, No. of plant variety protection rights) in 2011. This newly developed cultivar ‘Woolred’ having vigorous growth and unique flower shape can be used as specimen plant in landscape.