Increase of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been seen. The main reason for producing in vitro fertilized embryos in Korea has been to utilize the genetics of cows with higher carcass grade. Ovaries are collected from the cows in the slaughter house and the information on the carcass grade of the cow can be traced. Embryos produced from cows with higher carcass grade have been favored by the farmers. PCR has been one of the main techniques for sex determination of embryos targeting various genes. Bovine sex determining region Y (SRY) is specific to Y chromosome. However, it requires a control gene for PCR, if the embryo is female. In comparison to SRY, amelogenin can be amplified from male or female embryos with different fragment sizes due to differential splicing in all bovidae. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in the sex ratio of embryos produced in vitro and to compare the efficiency of sex determination using PCR. Ovaries of Hanwoo were collected and transported to the laboratory in thermal bottles. For in vitro maturation, oocytes were collected from the follicles with less than 8 mm of diameter and placed in either the Brackett & Oliphant media (BO), Tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199), or IVMD101 media, containing 3% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.5 mg/ml FSH, 0.5 mg/ml LH, and 1 mg/ml estradiol-17β. For IVF, frozen sperm from Hanwoo bulls were used. After 22-24h IVF, embryos were transferred and cultured either in BO or TCM-199 with 10% FBS until the embryos were hatched. Hatched blastocysts were stored in PBS frozen, and later thawed and treated with embryo lysis buffer. After isolating genomic DNA, it was used for PCR using primers for casein beta (CSN2), as PCR control, or for male specific SRY primers. Alternatively, primers for amelogenin were used. Sex of embryos was determined and the sex ratio was analyzed. Out of 94 embryos, sex of 83 embryos (88.3%) was determined and there were 40 male embryos (48.2%) and 43 female embryos (51.8%). Sex of 31 embryos was determined using both SRY and amelogenin. Among those, 17 embryos were determined as having identical sex, while 1 embryo was determined as having different sex, and the sex of 11 and 2 embryos were determined only by amelogenin or SRY primers, respectively. In conclusion, the success of determining the sex of embryos by PCR was relatively high. Using amelogenin primer for PCR tends to be more efficient than SRY primer in determining the sex. Slightly higher ratio of female embryos was different from previous years and the cause for the difference may require further investigation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum particle size of rice flour for making rice noodles. Rice noodles were prepared with rice variety such as Milyang 278 because it has 25.4% of high amylose content. The rice grains were pulverized by dry milling and passed through 3 different sized sieves (A: -60 ~ +100, B: -100 ~ +150, and C: -150 ~ +200 mesh). The average particle sizes of A, B, and C were 187.27, 103.79 and 74.88 um, respectively. Rice noodles were prepared at 35% of moisture content, 50/90/90/90°C of barrel temperature, and 200 rpm of screw speed in the twin screw extruder. Textural properties and cooking qualities were evaluated to determine the suitability for making rice noodles. Hardness of the dry noodles prepared with A, B, and C were 2.762, 4.546, and 2.065 N, respectively. Extension (R max) of the cooked rice noodles prepared with A, B, and C were 0.526, 0.857, and 0.534 N while Extensibility (E value) were 15.97, 18.03, and 16.78 mm, respectively. Cooking loss values were 4.47, 2.88, and 2.16%, respectively, while the turbidities of their cooking water were 0.177, 0.073, and 0.088, respectively. As the result the flour passed through -100 ~ +150 meshes was the most appropriate for making rice noodles. Control of particle size in rice flour with high-amylose content can be a useful way for making good quality rice noodles.

Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human health. We used the Association of Official Analytical Chemists(AOAC) method 999.15, validated by the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH) Guideline, to monitor vitamin K1 content in infant formula in the Republic of Korea. The Certified Reference Materials (CRM), NIST 1849a, were used for validation of the test method. The parameters of validation were linearity, range, specificity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and recovery. The linearity, R2 was above 0.999 and the analytical range was 0.001 to 0.22 μg/mL. The specificity was confirmed by the retention time (RT) and positive/negative sample test. The accuracy, precision and recovery values were 101.13 ± 0.13 %, 3.15 % and 81.60 % - 99.78 %. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.582 ng/mL and 1.76 ng/mL, respectively. Five livestock products inspection agencies voluntarily participated in the collaborative study. The HORRAT value was 0.6, which was within the reference value 0.5 – 2.0. The validated test method was applied for the monitoring of vitamin K1 in infant formula in the Republic of Korea. The results also conformed to 'The Standard for Livestock Products of Processing and Ingredient Specifications' and 'The Standard for Livestock Products Labeling'.

Irrigation with saline water of rivers and groundwater reservoir into paddy field cause decreases rice production depending on water salinity. The purpose of this research was to determine the critical concentration of water salinity for provision of a basic information on the stable rice production in west costal area of Honam region. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the 13 levels of saline water [0.01(control) 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 1.00%] in transplanted rice using c.v. Cheongho and tolerance to different water salinities was evaluated at three growth stages of the rice plant such as [(35 DAT:Tillering), (81 DAT:Heading), and (106 DAT:Ripening)], respectively. Increasing water salinity significantly decreased grain yield and the higher in salinity the severe effect on yield reduction. The growth responses to water salinity varied at different growth stages of rice. At 35 DAT, increased water salinity decreased plant height and number of tillers significantly. Higher water salinity delayed the days to heading by 2 days (0.05%), 4 days (0.08%) and 7 days (0.1%). The critical water salinity at 35 DAT was below 0.08%. At 81 DAT, Cheongho survived at 0.10 and 0.08% salinity, respectively. However, at water salinity levels above 0.10%, the yield components such as number of panicles and number of spikelet decreased drastically. Thus, it was suggested that the critical water salinity at the mid-stage (tillering~heading, 81 DAT) was 0.05%, At 106 DAT, based on yield index that gives above 50% grain yield, the 0.05% salinity showed the lowest 61.1% grain yield of 19.2 g/plant as compared with the highest grain yield of 31.4 g/plant at 0.01% (control).

본 연구는 딸기 ‘매향’ 품종의 과실을 수확 한 후 LPE 용액에 침지처리 한 뒤 저장기간 동안 당도, 색도, 경도 및 생체중 변화를 조사하여 적정 LPE 처리 농도 및 적정 숙도를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 숙도 70%인 과실을 LPE 0(증류수, 대조구), 10, 50, 100mg·L-1 농도에 1분간 침지하거나, 딸기 꼭지에서부터 익은 비율로 숙도 0%, 50%, 70%, 100%로 등급화한 후에 LPE 0(증류수, 대조구), 2.5, 5, 10, 25mg·L-1 농도에 1분간 침지한 후 실온(20oC±1)에서 40분간 자연건조 한 뒤 4oC 저장고에 12일간 저장하였다. 저장 기간 동안 생체중, 종경도, 횡경도, 색도 및 당도 변화를 조사하였다. 숙도 70% 과실을 수확 후 LPE 0, 10, 50, 100mg·L-1 농도에 침지 후 저장하며 과실의 생체중을 측정하였을 때 처리 농도별 유의차가 없었다. 종경도는 저장 3일째에는 무처리구와 LPE 10mg·L-1 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 저장 6일째부터 12일까지는 10mg·L-1 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 횡경도는 저장 9일째 10과 50mg·L-1에서 가장 높게 측정되었으나 12일째에는 10mg·L-1 처리구는 무처리구와 차이가 없었고 50과 100mg·L-1에서 가장 낮았다. 색차계 L*과 b* 값은 LPE 처리 농도별 저장 기간 별 유의차가 없었고, a* 값은 저장 12일째에 LPE 10mg·L-1 처리를 포함한 모든 농도에서 무처리구에 비하여 높았다. 숙도 0%, 50%, 70%, 100%로 등급화한 후에 LPE 0( 증류수, 대조구), 2.5, 5, 10, 25 mg·L-1 농도에 침지한 후 저장하였을 때 과실 생체중은 LPE 처리농도별 유의 차가 없었다. 종경도와 횡경도는 LPE 처리농도와 상관 없이 숙도 0% >50%> 70%> 100% 순으로 높았다. LPE 농도 처리에 의한 영향은 종경도는 숙도 70% 과실의 경우 저장 3, 6, 12일째 모두 LPE 5mg·L-1에서 가장 높았고 12일째는 LPE 처리구 모두 무처리구에 비해 높았다. 숙도 100% 과실의 경우 저장 12일째에 LPE 10mg·L-1에서 종경도가 무처리구에 비해 높았지만 25mg·L-1에서는 종경도 및 횡경도 모두 가장 낮았다. 색차계 L, b 값은 LPE 처리와 관계없이 숙도 0% > 50% > 70% > 100% 순으로 높아 숙도에 따라 유의차가 있었다. 숙도100%에서 가장 낮은 L*과 b*값이 측정 되었다. 숙도 50%와 70% 과실의 경우 저장기간 중 다른 처리구에 비해 5mg·L-1에서 L*, b* 값이 가장 높았다. 숙도 100%의 경우 25mg·L-1에서는 가장 낮은 값을 보여 과숙이 유발된 것으로 판단된다. 색차계 a* 값은 L*과 b*와는 반대로 그 값의 증가는 숙도가 높음을 의미하는 것으로 숙도 0, 50, 70, 100% 모두에서 LPE 처리 효과를 구분할 수 없었고, 당도는 처리별, 기간별 유의차가 없었다. 결론적으로, LPE는 저장 중인 딸기 과실의 생체중에 영향을 주지 않으면서 경도 및 색도 변화에는 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있다. 숙도 70% 과실은 타 숙도에 비해 저장성 증대효과가 크며, 숙도 70%일 때 처리농도 LPE 5mg·L-1에서 저장성 증대에 효과적 이였다.

본 연구는 코칭과 자기결정성이론의 관계를 고찰하고 적용점을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 실 시하였다. 이를 위해 자기결정성 이론을 이루고 있는 인지평가이론, 유기체통합이론, 인과성지 향이론, 기본심리욕구이론, 목표내용이론 및 관계동기이론의 핵심적인 내용을 기술하고, 코칭 과의 관련성 및 적용점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 자기결정성 이론의 인간관은 인본주의 철학을 기 반으로 한 코칭 패러다임과 맥을 같이하며, 자기결정성 이론이 코칭철학에 심리학적 근거를 제공할 수 있음을 논의하였다. 둘째, 코칭 과정에서 자기결정성 이론을 고객과의 관계 맺기 및 목표 설정에 활용할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 셋째, 자기결정성이론으로 코칭의 중요 기술인 경청, 질문, 피드백과 고객의 기본심리욕구와의 관계를 설명하였다. 코치의 개입은 고객의 자 율성, 유능성, 관계성을 충족시키는 차원에서 활용할 때 효과적이다. 마지막으로 코칭 환경과 코치 자신에 대한 이론의 적용과 관련하여, 단기성과에 대한 압박의 해결과 코치 자신의 심리 적 욕구를 보살피는 노력의 필요성에 대해 논의했다. 자기결정성이론은 코칭의 학문적인 토대 를 강화하고, 실제 코칭의 효과성을 높이기 위해 주목해야 할 이론이다.

진보성은 특허제도의 근간 및 목적과 가장 관련이 깊은 특허요건이라고 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니 라, 특허요건 중 가장 중요하고도 판단하기 어려운 것이라는 데에 별다른 이견이 없다. 그런데 특허법 제29조 제2항은 ‘특허출원 전에 그 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 선행발명에 의하여 용이하게 발명할 수 있는 것일 때에는 특허를 받을 수 없는 것’으로만 규정하고 있을 뿐이어서 법원의 판례를 통한 법 해석에 의해서 구체적인 기준을 제시하는 것은 매우 중요하다고 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 발명의 진보성 판단 기준과 관 련한 국내외의 그동안의 논의를 전반적으로 살펴봄과 아울러 이러한 기준을 구체적으로 적용 내지 운용하는 것과 관련하여 실무상 개선하여야 될 사항을 함께 논의해 보았다. 구체적으로, 제2장(Ⅱ)에서는 미국, 유럽, 일본 등 다른 나라에서의 발명의 진보성 판단 기준을 소개하였다. 제3장(Ⅲ)에서는 진보성 판단의 대상이 되는 특허발명의 특정에 관한 논의를 진행하였다. 제4장(Ⅳ)에서는 진보성 판단에 있어 특허 발명과 대비되는 선행기술의 특정에 관한 논의를 진행하였다. 제5장(Ⅴ)에서는 진보성 판단에 있어 판단의 기준이 되는 ‘통상의 기술자’에 관한 논 의를 진행하였다. 제6장(Ⅵ)에서는 진보성 판단 작업에 있어 가장 핵심적인 부분이라고 할 수 있 는 용이 도출 여부에 관한 논의를 진행하였다. 또 한, 앞서의 논의를 기초로 바람직한 진보성 판단 기준 및 방법의 정립을 위한 개선방안을 제안해 보았다.

In this study, we developed and validated microanalysis methods for the determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS). The conditions for the analysis of the surfactants using HPLC with FLD, RID, and ELSD detectors were investigated. The methods were validated by determining the linearity, limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recovery, precision, and accuracy. LAS analysis by FLD revealed calibration curves that were linear in the range of 10-200 mg/L for an LAS mixture. The calibration curves for C10-C13 had correlation coefficients of 0.995, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.997, respectively. SLS analysis using RID generated a linear calibration curve in the range of 10-300 mg/L. The calibration curve for SLS C12 had a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. AOS analysis using ELSD resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.9940. For LAS, the LODs and LOQs were 0.09-0.56 and 0.30-1.87 mg/L, respectively. For SLS C12, the LOD and LOQ were 0.07 and 2.33 mg/L, respectively. For AOS C14, the LOD and LOQ were 16.55 and 21.83 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries were 97.17-98.84% for LAS C10-C14, 97.94% for SLS C12, and 96.11% for AOS C14. The established methods provide acceptable precision and accuracy. Our methods could be useful for the detection of anionic surfactants in dishwashing detergents.

Muffin was developed using blueberry powder and the shelf life of the muffin packaged in modified atmosphere was determined. Blueberry was freeze-dried and milled to prepare powder. As the concentration of blueberry powder increased from 0 to 15% (w/w), hardness and gumminess also increased (p<0.05). The Hunter L and b values of the crust and crumb of muffin decreased as the concentration increased, while their Hunter a values increased. Blueberry powder concentrations of 10 and 15% resulted in high preference in taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Blueberry muffin containing powder at 10% was packaged in modified atmosphere (MA). The optimum gas for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of the muffin was the mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) (7:3), which improved microbial stability without altering muffin hardness. The shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged blueberry muffin was determined using the accelerated life test. The shelf life values for MA packaged blueberry muffin stored at 25 and 35°C were predicted as 21 and 5 d, respectively. Further, the Q10 values for 25- 35°C and 35-45°C were determined as 4.2 and 2.9, respectively. The MAP can preserve blueberry muffin for 3 weeks at 25°C, without the external addition of preservatives.

URPOSES: The objective of this study was to develop an impact resonance (IR) test procedure for thin disk-shaped specimens in order to determine the ⎢E*⎢ and phase angle values of various asphalt mixtures. METHODS: An IR test procedure was developed for evaluating thin disk-shaped specimens, in order to determine the dynamic modulus (⎢E*⎢) of various asphalt mixtures. The IR test method that was developed to determine the elastic modulus values of Portland cement concrete was evaluated, which method uses axisymmetric flexural vibration proposed by Leming et al. (1996). The IR tests were performed on three different mixtures of New York with varying nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NY9.5, NY19, and NY25) at six different temperatures (10 - 60℃). The ⎢E*⎢ values obtained from the IR tests were compared with those determined by the commonly used AASHTO T342-11 test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The IR test method was employed to determine the ⎢E*⎢ values of thin-disk-shaped specimens of various asphalt mixtures. It was found that the IR test method when used with thin disk-like specimens is a simple, practical, and cheap tool for determining the ⎢E*⎢ values of field cores. Further, it was found the ⎢E*⎢ values obtained from the IR tests using thin disk-like specimens were almost similar to those obtained using the AASHTO T342-11 test.

As the Enforcement Ordinance of Environmental Policy Act was revised in 2013, total organic carbon(TOC) was added as an indicative parameter for organic matter in Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Environmental Criteria. Under these imminent circumstances, a regulatory standard is needed to achieve the proposed TOC limitation control water quality from the public sewage treatment plants(PSTWs). This study purposes to present the determination method for TOC effluent limitation at the PSTWs. Therefore we investigate the TOC effluent limitation of foreign countries such as EU, Germany and USA, and analyse the effluent water qualities of PSTWs. In using these TOC data, we review apprehensively the statistics-based, the technology-based, and the region(water quality)-based determination method of TOC effluent limitation for PSTWs.

돼지고기 중 5종의 곰팡이독소(아플라톡신 B1, B2, G1, G2 및 오크라톡신 A)를 분석하기 위해 0.1% 개미산을 함유한 50% 아세토니트릴용액으로 추출한 후 고체상추출칼럼을 이용하여 정제하고, LC-MS/MS로 동시 정량할 수 있는 시험법을 마련하였다. 분석조건으로 측정한 5종의 곰팡이독소 matrix-matched 표준곡선식에서 모두 상관계수 0.998이상의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5종의 곰팡이독소 2배의 정량한계에서 10배의 정량한계로 첨가한 시료에서 평균 회수율은 72.1~109.9%로 실험 결과들이 EU 가이드라인에서 제시하는 유효성 확인을 위한 기준을 만족함으로써 시험법의 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있었다. 충청지역 유통되고 있은 돼지고기 20건에 대한 총아플라톡신 및 오크라톡신A에 대한 오염도 조사결과 정량한계 미만으로 조사되었다.

Oxathiapiprolin은 병원균의 포자형성과 효모성장을 저해하여 노균병을 방제하는 piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline 계열 살균제로 2015년 국내 사용등록이 요청된 신규약제이다. 본 연구에서는 oxathiapiprolin의 신규등록과 관련해 안전관리를 위한 공정시험법 마련이 요구되어 농산물 중 잔류분석법을 개발하였다. 농산물 중 oxathiapiprolin은 acetonitrile로 추출한 뒤 분배효율 향상을 위해 1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH)를 이용해 염기성으로 조절하여 비해리상태로 만든 뒤 dichloromethane으로 액액분배하였으며 분배추출액은 silica SPE 카트리지로 정제한 뒤 HPLC-UVD로 분석하였다. 개발된 분석법의 검출한계(LOD) 및 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 0.003, 0.01 mg/kg이었고, 대표농산물 5종(고추, 감귤, 감자, 대두, 현미) 중 oxathiapiprolin의 평균 회수율은 86.7-112.7%(상대표준편차, RSD ≤ 10%)으로 나타났다. 이는 잔류물 분석에 관한 CODEX 가이드라인 (CAC/GL 40)을 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 개발된 분석법은 국내외 유통 농산물 중 oxathiapiprolin의 안전평가를 위한 잔류량 적부 판정에 있어 공정시험법으로 사용되기에 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

The development of the law of self-determination has been stagnant in terms of scope and content in its application in the postcolonial context. It requires a new paradigm to persuade the United Nations, its specialized agencies and affiliated organizations to address current phenomenon regarding normative, institutional and community awareness. This research has revealed that the essential meaning of self-determination is a remedial means for an oppressed person both in colonial and postcolonial context. While the colonial context has ended, postcolonial self-determination remains focussed on both repairing the historical wrongs of the colonial context, responding to the breakdown of a state, and recovering from persistent violations against anyone in the State. Accordingly, this paper will contribute to the development of guidelines for these applications: which primarily refer to some degree of internal self-determination (autonomy); and when this proves unsuccessful, external self-determination (independent) can be proposed as the last resort.

In this paper, a design concept of post-tensioned precast bridge piers was proposed to improve seismic behavior of the bridge pier. Mild reinforcing bars are placed continuously along the height of the column. Prestressing tendons are also provided to obtain re-centering capability for seismic events. Arrangement of the axial steels to prevent buckling of rebars at plastic hinge region was suggested and enhanced seismic performance was verified by experiments. Moment-curvature analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of effective prestress on seismic behavior after verifying the calculation method by cyclic tests of the precast columns. A real bridge pier was designed to investigate the seismic performance according to different level of effective prestress. Level of effective prestress showed obvious effect on crushing displacement but negligible effect on lateral displacement at fracture of tendons and reinforcements.

Metam-sodium has been generally applied to control Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora and P. thunbergii infected by pine wilt disease in the forest field of Korea. We determined the atmospheric concentration of nematocidal and insecticidal gaseous methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) and more volatile and toxic gaseous methyl isocyanate (MIC) in the metam-sodium fumigated fields depending on the distance from metam-sodium treated site, time and season by OSHA No. 52 method. Determined atmospheric MIC was below acute exposure limit (50 ㎍/㎥) and chronic exposure limit (1.0 ㎍/㎥) of EPA regulation in all detection point. In summer, the maximum of MITC and MIC was observed to 105.2 ㎍/㎥ in the 1st day and 0.41 ㎍/㎥ in the 4th day after metam-sodium treatment, respectively. On the other hand, in winter, the maximum of MITC and MIC was observed to 4.6 ㎍/㎥ in the 4th day and 0.52 ㎍/㎥ in the 5th day after metam-sodium treatment, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of MITC and MIC were higher the closer to the metam-sodium treated site, but decreased below LOQ with distance (~ 50 m). This result showed that the reaction rate of metam-sodium to MITC is more affected by temperature and the translation rate of MITC to MIC is generally very low, regardless of season.

As one of recent issues in the information and communication industry, internet of things has attracted attention to provide intelligent infrastructure services which connect and share data and information between real and virtual world. According to the development of these internet of things technologies, types of machines, telecommunication devices, and terminals are increasing tremendously. In this situation, connectivity and interoperability between internet of things components are important issues to build a hyper connected society. To visualize this society, it is important to set up and develop information and communication technology (ICT) standards among stakeholders. However, under limited budget and human resources, it is essential to rank standardization work items for setting standards with respect to efficiency. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for setting standardization strategies within group decision making. As a multi-criteria group decision making tool, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted and applied to determine the priorities of setting work items. The proposed method first defines decision making problem with objective, criteria, and alternatives which produces a hierarchy consisting of upper and lower criteria. Then, pairwise comparisons of academy and public sector experts are performed with respect to their relative meaning and importance. Individual surveys of expert groups are collected and summarized to determine relative criteria importance measures. Furthermore, to deliver reliable importance criteria measures, differences between academy and public sector expert groups are compared and tested using Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The results are illustrated for useful guidelines to practical group decision making in standardization strategy establishments.

Heavy metals have been analyzed on the non-woven from the 24 kinds of wet wipes and 8 kinds of mask packs. The following materials used in the non-woven according to each product are: rayon+polyester for the 12 wet wipe products, rayon+PET for the 5 wet wipe products, and rayon, cotton, rayon+polyester+cotton, pulp+polypropylene for the rest of the wet wipe products. No further information on the materials was found on the 3 wet wipes and 8 mask packs. However, polyester may be applied for the non-woven in wet wipes, because PET is part of the polyester group. The heavy metals analysis in the 24 kinds of wet wipes and 8 kinds of mask packs revealed the following: arsenic was found from 47.14±1.13 to 71.75±1.64 ㎍/L on the 3 products, the amount of nickel in the 2 products were 261.26±5.14 and 1,242.63±43.71 ㎍ /L, 53.69±1.45 and 103.52±2.02 ㎍/L on the 2 mask packs. It was also revealed that lead was detected from 7.23±0.32 to 55.67±1.46 ㎍/L on the 6 wet wipes, antimony was ranged from 187.86±5.24 to 19,558.35±3,537.30 ㎍/L on the 12 wet wipes, and 5.25±0.25 and 8,936±55.22 ㎍/L on the 2 mask packs. No cadmium, mercury, or thallium were detected from all the products. A high concentration of antimony might come from antimony trioxide, which was used as a catalyst when manufacturing the polyester. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that a non-woven used for cosmetic purposes should not use heavy metals as a catalyst when manufacturing, and it’s important to clarify which materials are used in non-woven.