This study aimed to determine the effect of McKenzie lumbar support on pulmonary function in Stroke patients. Twenty subjects (n=20) were divided into two groups: a McKenzie lumbar support group (MLS group=10), a control group (n=10). Pulmonary function was performed to assess its effectiveness. A spirometer was used to measure the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF). The intervention was conducted for four weeks. In the MLS group, FEV1, FVC, and PEF were increased after McKenzie lumbar support. (p<0.05), while no significant differences in the variables were found in the control group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in variables between the MLS group and the control group (p>0.05). Our findings suggest that applying Mckenzie lumbar support may be an alternative maneuver to improve pulmonary function in stroke patients.

목적: 열수 추출한 차즈기(Perilla frutescens var. acuta)의 4주간 섭취에 의한 굴절이상과 시기능 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 연구하였다. 방법: 의료기기 임상시험심사위원회(IRB 허가번호: DSGOH-042)허가를 받은 후, 성인남녀 30명을 대상 으로 하였다. 차즈기추출물과 위약을 각각 섭취하고 2시간 후 스마트기기로 근거리 작업(VDT)을 2시간동안 실시하여 섭취 전과 후 결과를 비교하였다. 결과: 등가구면 굴절이상도 변화 비교 결과 PFA군에서는 유의하게 개선되는 경향을 보였다(p=0.001, p=0.000). 또한, PFA군은 위약에 비해 폭주근점과 조절근점이 유의한 차이로 개선효과를 보였다(p=0.007, p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.000). 양안조절용이성 결과 PFA군은 유의하게 증가하였으나(p=0.021), 위약군에 서는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 두 섭취군 간 유의한 차이도 나타나지 않았다(p=0.876). 안전성 평가 결과에서 는 두 섭취군에서 이상반응 등이 관찰되지 않아 PFA 섭취가 인체에 안전함을 확인하였다. 결론: PFA는 위약에 비해 모양체근 활성도를 증가시켜 굴절이상도 증가를 억제하고 폭주력과 조절력, 안정피로 개선에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze outsourcing ship management function at Turkish shipowning companies and Turkish shipowners’ attitudes towards third party ship management companies. A survey method was used for the study. Based on the factors collected both from literature review and interviews, a questionnaire was conducted through Turkish shipowners. The results of the study have revealed that big portion of Turkish shipowners are not willing to give the management of their vessels to third party ship management companies. This study will help researchers and ship managers to understand Turkish shipowners’ attitudes towards ship management companies and the root of shipowners’ behaviors about ship management companies. This study makes contributions to the limited literature on ship management and third party ship management by analyzing shipowners’ attitudes towards third party ship management companies in Turkey.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Maca water and/or ethanol extract on the nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVAC and on erectile dysfunction in rats. Maca was extracted due to both solutions, which are water and ethanol. Each Maca extract was applied to HUVAC, and NO production was checked. Additionally, three different dosages (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) of Maca ethanol extract was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. All rats were sacrificed and each sample was collected for analysis. The control rats received only the saline vehicle. The NO production of HUVAC was significantly increased by domestic and homemade Maca water extracted at 60℃ group. Both NO generation and testosterone release were not influenced due to the oral administration of Maca. In the EtOH group rats, the number of sperm was reduced compared to that of the control group. All Maca groups had a high number of sperm and each sperm count had increased as a result of the Maca extract dose. The results of this research suggest that Maca has a positive effect on male erectile dysfunction, which need to be examined further in future studies.

In the industrial fields, the process capability index has been using to evaluate the variation of quality in the process. The traditional process capability indices such as Cp, Cpk, Cpm, and C┼pm have been applied in the industrial fields. These traditional process capability indices are mainly applied in the univariate analysis. However, the main streams in the recent industry are the multivariate manufacturing process and the multiple quality characteristics are corrected each other. Therefore, the multivariate statistical method should be used in the process capability analysis. The multivariate process indices need to be enhanced with more useful information and extensive application in the recent industrial fields. Hence, the purpose of the study is to develop a more effective multivariate process index (MCpI ) using the multivariate inverted normal loss function. The multivariate inverted normal loss function has the flexibility for the any type of the symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions as well as the economic information. Especially, the proposed modeling method for the multivariate inverted normal loss function (MINLF) and the expected loss from MINLF in this paper can be applied to the any type of the symmetrical and asymmetrical loss functions. And this modeling method can be easily expanded from a bivariate case to a multivariate case.

Each municipality is promoting signboard improvement projects, but the effectiveness is not great. The main reason for this is that when the signboard is manufactured the location of the shop is only dependent on the visual aspiration effect and it is not harmonized with the building by applying uniform design. The signboard are installed almost everywhere in the city, such as residential, natural and commercial environments. And the signboard provides various services such as traffic information and life safety to customers. Also, by applying design and functional elements, we can enhance the competitiveness of companies and improve the urban environment by enhancing the mutual connection effect of customers and space. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of design elements and functional elements of the signboard on customer preference. In other words, we conducted surveys and analyzes of 152 specialists and non-experts (customers, self-employed). As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the functions and design elements of signboards are important factors that have a positive effect on customer preference. Second, the function of the signboard has a positive(+) influence on the customer preference, and the information providing function and the corporate image side function directly affect the customer preference. Third, color elements have a positive(+) meaningful effect on customer preference. Especially, similar color sign affects customer preference positively. Fourth, the signboard design component has a positive(+) significant effect on customer preference. In particular, typefaces have a positive effect on customer preference.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 수행-기초 실행기능 그룹 프로그램이 학령전기 뇌성마비 아동들의 실행기능을 증진시키는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 만 6세 학령전기 뇌성마비 아동 17명이 본 연구에 참가하였다. 사전-사후검사 통제집단 설계 (pretest-posttest control group design)를 사용하였고 수행 실행기능을 포함하는 만들기 활동과 기초 실행기능을 포함하는 게임 활동으로 구성된 그룹 중재 프로그램을 고안하여 치료군 아동에게 제공하였다. 치료 전･후 아동의 수행 실행기능은 운동처리기술평가(Assessment of Motor and Process Skills; AMPS)로 측정하였고 기초 실행기능은 해-달 과제, 8개 상자 과제, 아동 색 선로 과제 2(Children's Color Trails Test 2; CCTT-2)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 대기 명단의 대조군 아동들에게는 사전 사후 실행기능 평가만을 시행하였다. 결과 : 치료군은 AMPS 처리 기술, 해-달 과제, 8개 상자 과제, 아동 색 선로검사에서 사전검사 점수보다 높은 사후검사 점수를 보였다. 대조군은 AMPS 처리와 CCTT-2에서만 사전검사 점수보다 높은 사후검사 점수를 보였다. 치료군은 대조군보다 모든 실행기능 측정치에서 더 큰 향상을 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구는 수행-기초 실행기능 그룹 프로그램을 소개하였고, 이 중재 방법이 학령전기 뇌성마비 아동의 실행기능 향상에 효과가 있음을 보여주었다.

This study has utilized the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique in order to plan the tangible (menu) and intangible (service) product of dumpling restaurant. The engineering characteristics of tangible products were classified into product planning, purchase management, production management, and information management based on the production system of foodservice. The engineering characteristics of intangible products were also classified into physical evidence, human interaction, and pre-communication based on the service operation and delivery system. As a result of analyzing the QFD, it was found that the customer hope the hygiene factor and response factor to be improved. It is analyzed that product planning, information management, and production management should be improved first in terms of engineering characteristics considering consumer needs. In the future, by utilizing the systematic product development process that the requirements of tangible and intangible product consumers are converted to the engineering characteristics, the development of competitive product within the market will be possible, and furthermore it is expected to be useful for reducing the unnecessary time and design costs due to failure of product development.

Harmonia axyridis have become extremely popular through their extensive elytra and spot variation for many years. However, phenotypic polymorphism and striking visual phenotypes are not yet to be extensively studied. With growing attention to polymorphism of H. axyridis, it is imperative to study involved in genomic research in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the diversity of elytra variation. To figure out suitable approach for analyzing genes of H. axyidis, we assessed RNAi as a tool for functional analysis. In order to demonstrate the utility of RNAi technique on H. axyridis, we conducted cDNA library screening to affirm silencing effect. We choose random genes from cDNA clones and the random genes were synthesized into dsRNA. After the injection of dsRNA into last instar larvae, we observed morphological defects or deaths. To investigate the effectiveness of knockdown in H. axyridis, we performed quantitative real time PCR on H. axyridis that appears the most distinctive features. These results provide that RNAi is highly applicable in H. axyridis and it will be useful for the gene functional analysis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined respiratory physical therapy on respiratory function, spinal curve and spinal mobility for community-dwelling elderlies with restrictive lung diseases. In total, 10 patients participated in an 8-week intervention program of thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination. The results of the study are as follows: for respiratory function, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly improved to .30±0.31ℓ, .46±.42ℓ, and 18.10±11.39%, respectively (p<.05). For spinal curve, the thoracic curve and the lumbar curve were improved significantly to -2.20±1.40° and -1.20±1.14°, respectively (p<.01). For spinal mobility, the thoracic flexion (3.40±2.99°), thoracic extension (3.50±1.43°), lumbar flexion (4.50±4.74°), and lumbar extension(- 1.50±1.84°) were all significantly improved (p<.05). These findings indicate that thoracic cage mobilization and breathing exercise in combination improve the respiratory function, spinal alignment, and spinal mobility in elderly people with restrictive lung diseases,

목적: 본 연구에서는 단초점 콘택트렌즈와 3가지 가입도의 중심부 근용 동시보기 디자인의 멀티포컬 콘 택트렌즈를 착용한 후 근거리에서 조절을 유도하여 콘택트렌즈 타입에 따른 시기능의 변화를 비교하고, 피 로감소용 기능성 콘택트렌즈로서 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈의 처방에 대한 활용도를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구의 취지를 이해하고 목적과 방법에 동의한 20-30대 성인 남녀 20명(40안, 26.63±4.36세) 을 대상으로 하였다. 평균 구면 굴절력은 –3.38±2.57 D이며, 평균 원주 굴절력은 –0.46±0.31 D, 평균 등 가구면 굴절력은 -3.61±2.64 D였다. 대상자들은 총 4회 방문하였고 매 방문시 단초점 콘택트렌즈, 멀티포 컬 콘택트렌즈 LOW, MID, HIGH를 각각 착용하였고, 조절 부담을 유도하기 위해 40 cm에서 1시간 동안 휴 대폰(4.7 inches)으로 자막이 있는 영상을 시청하였다. 영상을 시청한 후 MEM과 원근 대비시력 100%와 10%, 선명시역, 조절근점, 폭주근점, 조절용이성, 입체시 검사를 실시하였고, 온라인 설문지를 통해 자각적 만족도를 평가하였다. 결과: 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈의 가입도가 증가함에 따라 MEM은 증가하였고 조절근접은 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 원근거리 대비시력과 선명시역, 폭주근점, 입체시, 조절용이성은 4 종류의 렌즈에서 유의한 차이 가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 단초점 콘텍트렌즈를 착용했을 때 원거리 시력에 대한 만족도가 가장 높 은 것으로 조사되었다. 결론: 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈의 가입도가 증가하면서 MEM은 증가하고 조절근점은 짧아졌음을 확인하였 다. 멀티포컬 콘택트렌즈를 기능성 콘택트렌즈로 처방하기 위해서는 더 오랜 기간 착용한 후 시기능의 변화 를 추적할 필요성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Increased intracellular levels of Ca2+ are generally thought to negatively regulate lipolysis in mature adipocytes, whereas store-operated Ca2+ entry was recently reported to facilitate lipolysis and attenuate lipotoxicity by inducing lipophagy. Transient receptor potential mucolipin1 (TRPML1), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel, is mainly expressed on the lysosomal membrane and plays key roles in lysosomal homeostasis and membrane trafficking. However, the roles of TRPML1 in lipolysis remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether the channel function of TRPML1 induces lipolysis in mature adipocytes. We found that treatment of mature adipocytes with ML-SA1, a specific agonist of TRPML1, solely upregulated extracellular glycerol release, but not to the same extent as isoproterenol. In addition, knockdown of TRPML1 in mature adipocytes significantly reduced autophagic flux, regardless of ML-SA1 treatment. Our findings demonstrate that the channel function of TRPML1 partially contributes to lipid metabolism and autophagic membrane trafficking, suggesting that TRPML1, particularly the channel function of TRPML1, is as therapeutic target molecule for treating obesity.

목적: 시기능훈련 전 실시한 양안시기능평가 결과값이 시기능훈련 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 부등시 및 시기능훈련을 받은 경험이 없는 20대 성인 남녀 57명을 대상으로 60분씩 총 6번의 시기 능훈련을 진행한 뒤 양안시기능의 변화를 알아보았다. 양앙시기능평가 항목은 시력검사, 폭주근점, 사위도, 융합여력, Gradient AC/A비, 융합용이성, 상대조절력, 조절래그, 조절근점, 조절용이성 검사를 포함하였다. 결과: 훈련 전 원, 근거리 음성융합여력이 작을수록 훈련 후 원, 근거리 음성융합여력이 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 원거리 융합여력이 작을수록 훈련 후 원거리 융합여력이 증가하는 음의 상관관 계를 보였다(p<0.05). 훈련 전 근거리 음성융합여력이 작을수록 훈련 후 근거리 음성융합여력이 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(p<0.05), 훈련 전 근거리 양성융합여력이 작을수록 훈련 후 근거리 양성융합여력의 변화량이 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한 근거리 총 융합여력이 작을수록 훈련 후 근거 리 총 융합여력이 증가하는 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 시기능훈련 후 양안시기능의 변화를 확인하였고, 훈련 전 실시한 양안시기능검사 항목 중 근거리 외사위도가 높을수록 시기능훈련을 통한 변화량이 증가하는 것을 확인하였으며, 융합여력이 작을수록 시기능훈련 효과가 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 본 연구결과는 양안시기능평가 결과값에 따른 시기능훈련 효과의 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

목적 : 본 연구는 경도 알츠하이머병 치매환자에게 인지활동을 중심으로 신체활동, 정서활동을 병행한 복합중재 프로그램을 적용하였을 시 대상자의 인지기능 및 도구적 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 약물치료 중인 경도 알츠하이머병 치매환자 59명을 실험군 39명, 대조군 20명으로 무작위 배정하였다. 실험군에는 복합중재 프로그램, 대조군은 비 중재를 적용하였다. 중재는 실험군에 8주 동안 주 2회, 회기 당 110분씩 총 16회기의 중재를 실시하였다. 중재 전·후 비교를 위하여 치매선별용 간이정신상태 검사(Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening; MMSE-DS), 노인용 전산화 인지평가도구(Computer Cognitive Senior Assessment System for Elderly; COSAS), 한국형 도구적 일상생활활동 측정도구(Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; K-IADL)를 사용하였다. 결과 : 약물을 복용 중인 경도 알츠하이머병 치매환자 59명 중 복합중재 프로그램을 실시한 집단은 비 중재를 실시한 집단과 비교하여 인지기능과 도구적 일상생활수행능력이 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상되었다(p<.01). 결론 : 복합중재 프로그램은 경도 알츠하이머병 치매환자의 인지기능, 도구적 일상생활수행능력의 유지 및 향상에 효과적인 중재 프로그램임을 제시하였다.

Background: Research efforts to improve the pulmonary function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) need to focus on their decreased diaphragmatic ability compared to normal children. Real-time ultrasonography is appropriate for demonstrating diaphragmatic mechanisms. Objects: This study aimed to compare diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength between normal children and children with CP by using ultrasonography M-mode. The correlation between general characteristics, diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength was also studied. Methods: The subjects of this study were 25 normal and 25 CP children between five and 14 years of age. Diaphragm movement was measured using real-time ultrasonography during quiet and deep breathing. Pulmonary function (such as forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV1 and peak expiratory flow; PEF) and pulmonary strength (such as maximum inspiratory pressure; MIP and maximum expiratory pressure; MEP) were measured. A paired t-test and Spearman’s Rho test, with a significance level of .05, were used for statistical analysis. Results: The between-group comparison revealed that normal children had significantly greater diaphragm movement, FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05) than CP children. The results showed that general characteristics were significantly related to FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP (p<.05). Conclusion: In clinical settings, clinicians need to concern decreased diaphragm movement, pulmonary function, and pulmonary strength in CP group compared to normal children.