본 연구는 진동에너지를 흡수하기 위한 진동 금속 댐퍼의 구조 해석과 최적 설계를 수행한다. 고무 베어링, 마찰 또는 점성 댐퍼와 같은 다른 댐퍼와는 달리 이 금속제진장는 금속의 소성 변형과 그에 따른 히스테리시스 현상을 이용하여 구조물의 진동을 감소시킨다. 이 금속제진장치를 최적화 하려면 댐퍼를 통해 소성 변형을 얻는 것이 중요하다. 금속제진장치의 최적화 된 형상을 찾기 위해 형상 최적화 방법을 적용하였다. 또한 매개 변수화 체계에 따라 일부 최적의 모양을 찾을 수 있다.

Selective laser melting (SLM) can produce a layer of a metal powder and then fabricate a three-dimensional structure by a layer-by-layer method. Each layer consists of several lines of molten metal. Laser parameters and thermal properties of the materials affect the geometric characteristics of the melt pool such as its height, depth, and width. The geometrical characteristics of the melt pool are determined herein by optical microscopy and three-dimensional bulk structures are fabricated to investigate the relationship between them. Powders of the commercially available Fe-based tool steel AISI H13 and Ni-based superalloy Inconel 738LC are used to investigate the effect of material properties. Only the scan speed is controlled to change the laser parameters. The laser power and hatch space are maintained throughout the study. Laser of a higher energy density is seen to melt a wider and deeper range of powder and substrate; however, it does not correspond with the most highly densified three-dimensional structure. H13 shows the highest density at a laser scan speed of 200 mm/s whereas Inconel 738LC shows the highest density at 600 mm/s.

The diffuser is effective in closed systems, however, its effect is weaken in open or free flow situations. This can be solved by modifying the rear-end of the diffuser in a manner that enables the formation of strong vortex. By doing that, a large portion of fluid's energy is converted to vortex's dynamic energy, which results in the deduction of static component, or in other words, the decrease of pressure. This study involved the design of rear-end part for efficient hydrodynamic performance of shroud diffusers, and demonstrated with numerical simulation by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This study focuses on the use of brim end for the shroud where the effect of brim's length and attaching angle are analyzed.

건축구조기준(KBC-2016)에서는 팔각기둥 형상을 가진 구조물의 풍력계수는 형상비 25이상에서 1.4로 일정한 값을 적용하도록 하고 있다. 하지만 팔각뿔 형상인 첨탑 구조물은 팔각기둥과는 그 형상이 다르기 때문에 첨탑 구조물에 적용할 풍력계수에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 풍동실험을 이용하여 첨탑 구조물의 형상비 변화에 따른 풍력계수 특성을 규명하였다. 일반적으로 구조물에 작용하는 풍력계수는 형상비가 증가할수록 커진다. 하지만 특정 형상비를 초과하면 풍력계수는 더 이상 증가하지 않고 일정하게 수렴한다. 이러한 특성을 반영하기 위해, 예비실험은 형상비가 10~19.2인 모델에 대해 수행하였고, 풍력계수가 수렴하기 시작하는 형상비를 검토하였다. 그 결과 15 이상의 형상비에서 풍력계수가 약 1.1로 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 형상비 변화에 따른 풍력계수 변화를 고찰하기 위해 형상비 3~8.5 까지의 모형을 추가 제작하여 풍동실험을 수행하였다. 연구의 결과를 이용하여 형상비 변화에 따른 풍력계수의 변화를 경험식으로 제안하였고, 추세한 값들이 실험값 보다 작지 않도록 보정하였다.

목적: 라섹수술 후 잠재적인 각막의 형상 변화 여부를 확인하기 위해서 Pentacam을 이용 하여 수술 후의 각막 및 전방의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방법: 라섹수술을 시행한 38명(76안)을 대상으로 수술 전과 수술 6개월 후에 Pentacam Oculus, Germany)을 이용하여 각막 전면과, 후면의 비구면도, 각막높이, 중심각막두께, 전방 깊이, 전방 부피를 측정하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS version 18.0을 사용하여 각막 전면과 후면의 비구면도(Q-value), 중심 상승(Central elevation), 중심각막두께, 전방깊이, 전방각, 전방부피를 Paired t-test를 사용하여 비교하였다. p<0.05를 통계적으로 유의한 결과로 보았다. 결과: 라섹수술에 의해 각막 전면의 비구면도는 수술 전 –0.2236 ± 0.1012 ㎛ 에서 수술 후 0.872 ± 0.467 ㎛ 으로 변하여 prolate 형태가 oblate 형태로 변했고, 중심 상승은 수술 전 2.14 ± 1.73 ㎛에서 수술 후 –31.75 ± 14.41 ㎛로 감소했으며, 중심각막두께는 수 술 전 556 ± 31.32 ㎛에서 수술 후 462 ± 40.14 ㎛로 감소하였다. 각막 후면은 수술 후 변화가 없었지만 전방 깊이, 전방각 및 전방부피는 각각 0.085 mm , 0.973° , 7.216 ㎣ 만큼 유의하게 감소하였다(p=0.000). 결론: Pentacam을 이용하여 라섹수술 전과 후 각막 후면은 변화를 보이지 않았지만 전방 깊이, 전방각 및 전방 부피가 감소하는 변화를 보여 장기간 추적 관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

겨울철 인기 과일인 딸기(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)는 비타민 C 함량이 높고 라이코펜, 안토시아닌, 폐놀 화합물 등의 물질을 함유하고 있어 심혈관 질환, 시력회복 및 면역력을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 전 세계 생산량의 3~4위에 해당하는 국내 딸기는 2014년을 기준으로 230천톤이 생산되었으며 홍콩, 싱가포르, 말레이시아 등으로 꾸준히 수출이 증가하고 있다. 딸기를 구매하는 소비자들은 딸기가 포장된 상자에 일정한 모양과 붉은 빛깔이 선명한 딸기를 선호하게 된다. 딸기의 기준 과형은 품종에 따라 차이가 있지만 대부분 역삼각형 외형을 가진 딸기를 정품으로 선별하고 있다. 이러한 정품 딸기의 선별은 인력에 의한 육안선별이 주로 이루어지고 있으며 선별사의 숙련도와 주관에 따라 선별정도는 달라진다. 기존의 필름 방식의 카메라 대신에 CCD(Charge Coupled Device) 또는 CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) 등의 이미지 센서를 적용하여 개발된 DSLR(Digital Single Lens Reflex) 카메라는 다양한 목적의 렌즈를 교환하여 장착할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 품종별(설향, 매향, 싼타) 딸기의 기준 형상을 측정하기 위해 CMOS 이미지 센서가 장착된 1,800만 화소의 DSLR 카메라와 초점 거리가 17~70 mm인 표준렌즈를 이용하였다. 사전에 선별사에 육안으로 선별된 정품과 비품 과형 딸기를 이용하였으고 1회 촬영시 4×5 배열로 20개의 딸기를 측정하였으며 동일 시료에 대해서 제1사분면에서 제4사분면까지 총 4장의 영상을 획득하였다. 이때 초점거리는 23 mm, 셔터속도는 4초, 조리개는 f/3.2였으며 ISO값은 100으로 설정하였다. 획득한 딸기 영상은 시료별 크롭(crop) 및 배경 마스킹(masking)을 수행하였으며 품종별 정품 과형에 대한 기준 형상을 확보하기 위해 테두리(edge) 패턴을 분석하여 육안 선별 결과와 비교하였다.

In the present study, the structural and fatigue analysis on the shape change of an automatic press are investigated for prediction of operation safety and reliability of the automatic press along the thickness(t) and length(L) of head, and corner shapes(case 1, 2, 3). The equivalent stress and deformation characteristics of the automatic press were studied by computerized analysis method for the bushing production of the seat frame. An external stress of 14.0 MPa was applied to predict the operation stability and the fatigue limit of the structure. As the thickness of the header increased and the length of the header decreased, the load stability applied by the piston improved and the maximum stress and deformation were reduced. In addition, due to the change in shape of the corners, the load applied at the cross-sectional area of the corners decreases, and then the maximum stress and deformation appearing in the header are reduced. That is, the change of corner shapes affects the equivalent stress and deformation. That is the change of corner shapes affects the equivalent stress and deformation. From the fatigue and vibration analysis, fatigue failure does not occur even when the number of alternating operation of the automatic press increases, and the natural frequency is predicted for dynamic characteristics.

In this paper, a local deformation effect in thin-walled box beams is investigated via a finite element modal analysis. The analysis is carried out for single-cell and multi-cell box beam configurations. The single-cell box beam with and without a neck, which mimics a simple wind-turbine blade, is analyzed first. The results obtained by shell elements are compared to those of one-dimensional(1D) beam elements. It is observed that the wall thickness plays a crucial role in the natural frequencies of the beam. The 1D beam analysis deviates from the shell analysis when the wall thickness is either thin or thick. The shell modes(local deformations) are dominant as it becomes thin, whereas the shear deformation effects are significant as it does thick. The analysis is extended to the single-cell box beam with a neck, in which the shell modes are confined to near the neck. Finally the multi-cell box beam with a taper, which is quite similar to real wind-turbine blade configuration, is considered to investigate the local deformation effect. The results reveal that the 1D beam analysis cannot match with the shell analysis due to the local deformation, especially for the lagwise frequencies. There are approximately 5∼7% errors even if the number of segments is increased.

As the size of the wind power becomes larger, the development of the assembly type wind power which is advantageous in transportation and installation is active. This advantage comes from the economic point of view, and the stiffener is applied to the inner side, so that the safety is high. Large wind power require door openings for maintenance. The door opening has an irregular cross-section, and an excessive stress active due to the door opening. In this paper, the stresses occurring around the door opening was analyzed. As a result, small stress values were appeared in the tower, as the number of stiffeners were increased. Also, stress values were decreased a little in the tower as the opening shape become to ellipse was closer.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics are typical examples of carbon fiber, which retain high strength and high strength at high temperatures. Also, it is applied to various fields, such as the structure of the aircraft, automobile, and the core industries. CFRP machining methods include machining tools such as cutting machining and laser machining. In this thesis, a tool dynamometer and tool microscope were used to measure the cutting characteristics of various cutting conditions and tool wear and tool wear. As a result, the cutting force of the new shape drill (lower shape drill) was measured higher than other tools, the amount of tool wear was the lowest, and it was found that a good machined surface was obtained.

The result of the previous work leads to the idea that the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator should be minimized for the cooling tower with higher first natural frequency. In this study the inner area of the hyperbolic shell generator was graphically established under varying height of the throat and angle of the base lintel. From the graph, several shell geometries were selected and analysed in the aspect of the natural frequency. Three representative towers reinforced differently due to different first natural frequencies were analysed non-linearly and evaluated using a damage indicator based on the change of natural frequencies. The results demonstrated that the damage behaviour of the tower reinforced higher due to a lower first natural frequency was not necessarily advantageous than the others

The object of this study was to investigate for improving of the homogeneous stress distribution according to sliding cage geometry. In order to achieve this, the sliding cage were modelled as type A, type B and type C, then the sliding cage were applied at A-IMS assembly. The numerical simulation was performed by SOLIDWORKS SIMULATION commercial code and the torque range was applied from 10N·m to 40N·m at A-IMS assembly. The results of simulation were compared in terms of Von-mises stress, principal stress and displacement characteristics. Each stress of type B were the highest value. In other hand, Von-mises stress of type A and type C were less than yield stress.

The brake systems are composed of brake disc, brake pad and caliper and, these three parts play an important role for braking. In this study, heat fluid analysis is conducted for five different ventilated disc models, and two piece brake disc model separated in rotor and housing is used. In this case, each model has a different number of holes and vent shape. The basic heat flux and braking power equations are applied for the heat fluid analysis. The cooling performance with/without the braking operation is also analyzed for given five models where the material properties and boundary conditions are set to be identical. From our analysis results, it is found that the number of disc holes and ventilated pins strongly influences on the cooling performance.

본 연구에서는 페이즈필드 설계법에 기반한 형상최적설계를 통해 개선된 패치안테나 금속 패치 부분의 형상 설계를 진행 하였다. 설계 목적은 패치 안테나의 목적 주파수에서의 방사 효율을 최대화 하는 것으로 설정하였고, 이에 따라 목적 함수는 반사손실을 나타내는 S-파라미터 값의 최소화로 정의하였다. 패치형상의 최적화 결과는 페이즈필드 설계법을 이용하여 도 출하였고, 최적화 결과의 회색영역을 제거하기 위해서 컷오프 방법을 적용하였다. 더불어 쿼터 정합기의 길이 변화를 통해 성능 개선 과정을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 도출해낸 최종 형상에 대한 해석 결과, 목표 주파수에서의 S-파라미터 값이 -1.14dB에서 -12.73dB로 개선됨을 확인하였다.

Numerical analysis using k-ε model of unsteady state was performed to decide the optimal shape of power auxiliary apparatus in automotive engine. In order to obtain auxiliary electric power using coolant in automotive engine, shapes of 3 Types were compared. Furthermore to achieve the confidence of numerical analysis, the results of numerical analysis was compared with those of experiment. As the results, it showed that accuracy of numerical analysis was about 85~98%. Further the optimal shape, in this study, was Type-1, which had outer rounding R32.5, among 3 Types.

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a highly versatile and flexible process for rapid manufacturing of complex sheet metal parts. Compared to conventional sheet forming processes, ISF is of a clear advantage in manufacturing small batch or customized parts. ISF needs die-less machine alone, while conventional sheet forming requires highly expensive facilities like dies, molds, and presses. This equipment takes long time to get preparation for manufacturing. However, ISF does not need the full facilities nor much cost and time. Because of the facts, ISF is continuously being used for small batch or prototyping manufacturing in current industries.However, spring-back induced in the process of incremental forming becomes a critical drawback on precision manufacturing. Since sheet metal, being a raw material for ISF, has property to resilience, spring-back would come in the case.It is the research objective to investigate how geometrical shaping parameters make effect on shape dimensional errors. In order to analyze the spring-back occurred in the process, this study experimented on Al 1015 material in the ISF. The statistical tool employed experimental design with factors. The table of orthogonal arrays of L8 (27) are used to design the experiments and ANOVA method are employed to statistically analyze the collected data. The results of the analysis from this study shows that the type of shape and the slope of bottom are the significant, whereas the shape size, the shape height, and the side angle are not significant factors on dimensional errors. More error incurred on the pyramid than on the circular type in the experiments. The sloped bottom showed higher errors than the flat one.

디젤엔진에서는 2차 분사 시스템은 다양한 배기 시스템에 적용이 가능하고, 엔진 제어와 관계없이 독립적으로 제어가 가능하기 때문에 환원제 희석 면에서도 후분사 또는 다른 농후한 환원제 분위기 형성 방법 등에 비해 장점이 많다. 2차 분사 시스템에서는 환원제의 공급 방법에 따라서 촉매의 효율은 달라질 수밖에 없다. 환원제는 일정압력 이상으로 유지 및 최적화가 필요하고, 인젝터의 위치 및 각도의 선정은 매우 중요한 인자이다. 본 논문에서는 2차 분사 조건을 변화시켜 환원제의 농도와 양을 변화시켰다. De-NOx 촉매 시스템에서 최대의 NOx 정화 효율에 적합한 환원제 분사 조건들의 선정이 필요하고, 분무 도달거리, 분무 평균 입경, 분무각, 분사량 등의 분무 특성과 환원제의 균일 분포를 잘 파악하여야 한다. 이와 같은 목적을 위하여 2차 분사에서 충돌판 형상에 의한 분무 및 거동 특성은 가시화 방법과 디지털 화상 처리 기법을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 충돌판 형상의 영향성과 각 형상에 대한 최적 각도 범위를 도출하였다.