To create urban landscapes that take human emotion into consideration, the present study verified the psychological effects of artificial waterscape facilities on users, as these facilities significantly impact their psychological comfort. Data was collected using the SD scales and POMS of 60 male and 60 female participants after they watched a video of four waterscape facilities. Participants deemed the video clip of a fountain waterscape to be artificial and linked it with changeable images that increased their vigor. The video clip of waterfall stimulated various impressions (e.g., vital, liked, active, etc.) and changed participant’ mood states by increasing their vigor and decreasing fatigue. The video clip of the pond yielded familiar impressions, produced less free images, and decreased tension among participants. Finally, the video clip of the stream stimulated quiet and comfortable images as well as reduced negative feelings of anger, confusion, and depression among participants. Furthermore, males experienced more positive effects than females, regardless of the type of waterscape facility. The study findings indicate that the four different waterscape facilities influenced participants’ mood states. Additionally, the psychological effects differed by gender. The data suggest that landscape planners need to carefully consider their choice of waterscape facility when designing green spaces to ensure that the space is psychologically comforting to users.

Given the growing attention to nature and health in modern society, this study considered the role of a waterscape facility as a key element in a landscape’s influence on users’ physiological and psychological responses. The subjects were 28 university students, and the collected data included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase concentration, semantic differential (SD) scales, and profile of mood states (POMS). As compared to a space without any waterscape element (Type G), relaxation in a space with a waterscape element (Type W) was found to significantly reduce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and salivary amylase concentration. The SD scale and POMS findings showed that Type W evoked active, bright, dynamic, free, vital, interesting, and cheerful images and improved mood states by enhancing vigor while inhibiting depressive feelings. These findings indicate waterscape facilities can improves users’ mood states and may enhance their health.

Koreans have sedentary lifestyles and use under-floor heating called Ondol as home heating systems. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) caused by VOCs released from flooring material has been of significant interest in residential apartments. In this study, we measured exposure to VOCs by having test subjects breathe under conditions of high surface temperature. The results showed that the emission level of VOCs was high at 40oC in the early stage of the experiment. However, 20 days after the experiment began, the emission level was reduced by 0.9-4 times in each product at 40oC. The exposure to VOCs released from floor coverings was measured by taking into account the average respiratory rate, weight, and activity hour of test subjects and presuming that people are exposed to VOCs all the time while staying indoors. The level of emission from FJR of low-cost PVC floor coverings was the highest among the tested coverings, but the exposure to VOCs emission from the covering was relatively low at 0.025 mg/kg/day at 40oC. The amount of toluene detected from this experiment was the highest among VOCs emitted from floor coverings. The hazard quotient (HQ) of toluene detected in this test was over 20 times smaller than the risk characterization level of 0.1. It was, therefore, estimated that the emission of toluene from the floor surface would not be critically harmful to residents.

This research, sponsored by the Korean Ministry of Environment in 2014, was the first epidemiological study in Korea that investigated the health impact assessment of radon exposure. Its purpose was to construct a model that calculated the annual mean cumulative radon exposure concentrations, so that reliable conclusions could be drawn from environment-control group research. Radon causes chronic lung cancer. Therefore, the long-term measurement of radon exposure concentration, over one year, is needed in order to develop a health impact assessment for radon. Hence, based on the seasonal correction model suggested by Pinel et al.(1995), a predictive model of annual mean radon concentration was developed using the year-long seasonal measurement data from the National Institute of Environmental Research, the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, the Hanyang University Outdoor Radon Concentration Observatory, and the results from a 3-month (one season) survey, which is the official test method for radon measurement designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment. In addition, a model for evaluating the effective annual dose for radon was developed, using dosimetric methods. The model took into account the predictive model for annual mean radon concentrations and the activity characteristics of the residents

본 연구는 엉덩관절 정면 검사 시 격자 제거와 관전압, Cu Filter의 조합을 이용하여 환자의 피폭을 감소 하고자 시행하였다. 엉덩관절 정면 검사법을 대상으로 격자의 사용과 제거 상태에 따라 각각 관전압을 60~ 90 kV로 변화시키고 Cu Filter를 0.1~0.3 mm로 추가시켜 입사선량, 유효선량을 측정하고 영상의 진단적 가치를 평가하였다. 격자를 사용하고 관전압 60 kV, none filter에서 입사선량은 4.77 mGy로 가장 높은 측정치를 나타냈고 격자를 사용하지 않고 90 kV, 0.3 mm Cu filter 조건에서의 입사선량은 0.14 mGy로 가장 낮았으며 약 34배의 차이를 나타냈다. ICRP Pub. 60을 기준으로 70 kV에서 고환, 난소의 유효선량은 격자를 사용 했을 경우 0.255 mSv, 격자를 제거하였을 경우에는 0.049 mSv로 약 5.2배의 차이를 나타냈다. ICRP Pu b. 103을 기준으로 70 kV에서 고환, 난소의 유효선량은 격자를 사용했을 경우 0.090 mSv 격자를 제거하였 을 경우에는 0.020 mSv로 약 4.5배의 차이를 나타냈다. 격자를 사용하였을 경우의 노광지수는 671~782, 격 자를 제거하였을 경우에는 513~606 사이로 적정 노출조건이었으며 영상평가결과 모두 진단적 가치가 있는 영상으로 나타났다. 따라서 엉덩관절 정면 검사 시 격자를 제거하고 관전압을 높이고 Cu Filter를 추가시켜 촬영하면 환자의 피폭을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, elicits strong immune responses in mammals. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that LPS challenge profoundly affects female reproductive function. For example, LPS exposure affects steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, resulting in delayed puberty onset. The present study was conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying the adverse effect of LPS on the delayed puberty in female rats. LPS was daily injected for 5 days (50 μg/kg, PND 25-29) to treated animals and the date at VO was evaluated through daily visual examination. At PND 39, animals were sacrificed, and the tissues were immediately removed and weighed. Among the reproductive organs, the weights of the ovaries and oviduct from LPS-treated animals were significantly lower than those of control animals. There were no changes in the weights of uterus and vagina between the LPS-treated and their control animals. Immunological challenge by LPS delayed VO. Multiple corpora lutea were found in the control ovaries, indicating ovulations were occurred. However, none of corpus luteum was present in the LPS-treated ovary. The transcription level of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and CYP19 were significantly increased by LPS treatment. On the other hand, the levels of 3β- HSD, 17β-HSD and LH receptor were not changed by LPS challenge. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the repeated LPS exposure during the prepubertal period could induce multiple alterations in the steroidogenic machinery in ovary, and in turn, delayed puberty onset. The prepubertal LPS challenge model used in our study is useful to understand the reciprocal regulation of immune (stress) - reproductive function in early life.

There are various method for evaluating the durability life of concrete structures due to salt damage . The best way is to perform a corrosion test for a rebar embedded in concrete specimen was exposure to marine environment. However, this method has the disadvantage that it takes a long period of time. Also, accelerated corrosion test which was complemented complements the time-consuming weakness is limited to apply because it could not reveal a correlation between long-term exposure test. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to derive a correlation coefficient between cycle drying -wetting accelerated corrosion test and long-term exposure test. Corrosion initiation time was measured in four types of concrete samples, i.e., two samples mixed with fly ash(FA) and blast furnace slag(BS), and the other two samples having two water/cement ratio(W/C = 0.6, 0.35) without admixture(OPC 60 and OPC 35). The accelerated corrosion test was carried out by two case, i.e., one is a cyclic drying-wetting method(case 1), and the other is a artificial seawater ponding test method(case 2). Whether corrosion occurs, it was measures using half-cell potential method. The results indicated that case 1 is to accelerated the corrosion of rebar about 24~36% as compared with case 2, then the corrosion of rebar embedded in concrete occurred according to the order of OPC60, FA, BS, OPC35. Correlation coefficient between accelerated corrosion test and long-term exposure test, case 1 is 4.23 to 5.42, and case 2 is 6.54 to 7.82.

콘크리트는 내화재료로서 우수한 성능을 발휘하지만 화재가 지속됨에 따른 재료특성 변화 또는 성능저하의 위험을 갖는다. 이 연 구는 실물모형 철근 콘크리트 (RC) 보를 활용하여 비재하 화재 실험을 수행하여 화재노출 전후의 콘크리트 및 보강철근의 재료특성을 실험적 으로 분석한 연구이다. 화재실험에 사용된 보는 길이 4 m의 RC 보로서 KS F 2257 화재실험 규격에 따라 시험 체를 제작 및 화재실험을 수행하 였다. 화원의 가력은 ISO 834의 표준화재 곡선을 사용하였으며 보 가열부에서의 온도를 계측하고자 하면 및 측면에 열전대를 설치하였다. 실 험결과, 화재에 노출된 화재 코어 공시체의 경우 약 11 MPa로 약 66%의 강도저하가 발생하였다. 화재에 직접 노출된 철근의 경우 노출되지 않 은 철근에 비해 약 17%에 해당하는 75 MPa의 항복강도 저하를 나타낸 것으로 분석되었다. 철근의 경우 콘크리트라는 내화피복에 의하여 보호 되어 약 4시간의 화재 실험에서도 온도는 한계온도의 최댓값인 649°C를 크게 상회하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are used in various fields. Therefore, the interest regarding the safety of nanomaterial use is increasing and much effort is diverted toward establishment of exposure assessment and management methods. Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are effectively used to protect the health of workers in various industrial workplaces. This study aimed to propose an OEL for domestic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on animal inhalation toxicity test. Basic procedure for development of OELs was examined. For OEL estimation, epidemiological study and quantitative risk assessment are generally performed based on toxicity data. In addition, inhalation toxicity data-based no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and benchmark dose (BMD) are estimated to obtain the OEL. Three different estimation processes (NEDO in Japan, NIOSH in USA, and Baytubes in Germany) of OELs for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were intensively reviewed. From the rat inhalation toxicity test for MWCNTs manufactured in Korea, a NOAEL of 0.98 mg/㎥ was derived. Using the simple equation for estimation of OEL suggested by NEDO, the OEL of 142 μg/㎥ was estimated for the MWCNT manufacturing workplace. Here, we used test rat and Korean human data and adopted 36 as an uncertainty factor. The OEL for MWCNT estimated in this work is higher than those (2-80 μg/㎥) suggested by previous investigators. It may be greatly caused by different physicochemical properties of MWCNT and their dispersion method and test rat data. For setting of regulatory OELs in CNT workplaces, further epidemiological studies in addition to animal studies are needed. More advanced technical methods such as CNT dispersion in air and liquid should be also developed.

본 연구에서는 부산지역의 컴퓨터단층촬영검사실의 근무자를 대상으로 소아 두부 CT 검사를 시행함에 있어 방 사선방어에 대한 지식정도와 행위에 대한 인식도 및 의식도를 설문조사하여 기관별로 분류하여 상급종합병원, 종 합병원, 병원간의 인식도와 의식도 점수를 비교하여 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 기관별 인식도 평균점수는 상급종합병원이 42.29, 종합병원 38.43, 병원 34.06으로 상급종합병원이 가장 높게 나타 났으며 종합병원, 병원 순으로 나타났다. 기관별 의식도 평균점수는 상급종합병원이 21.37, 종합병원 24.68, 병원 29. 19로 병원이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며 종합병원, 상급종합병원 순으로 나타났다. 따라서 종합병원이나 병원의 CT 근무자들의 인식도를 높이기 위해서는 보수교육 및 학회 등을 통해 방사선에 대한 인식을 함양시키려는 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료되며 또한 상급종합병원의 CT 근무자들의 의식도를 높이기 위해서 방사선 방어의 최적화를 모색하고 환자에 대한 방사선 피폭선량 감소에 대해 노력을 기울여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

심장혈관 조영술과 심장혈관 중재술은 심장혈관 질환을 치료하는 안전하고 효율적인 시술이다. 그러나 시술이 이루어지는 동안 환자와 시술자의 방사선 피폭에 대해서는 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구의 대상으로는 2015년 9월부터 2016년 1월 사이에 강원도 소재 한 대학병원의 심혈관센터에서 시행된 147명의 심장혈관 조영술(CA)과 심장혈관 중재술(CI)을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 시술자의 피폭선량을 평가하였다. CA만을 시행한 경우 시술자의 유효선량은 최소 0.39 uSv, 최대 30.6 uSv를 나타냈고 평균 유효선량은 4.11 uSv를 나 타냈다. CI를 시행한 경우 유효선량은 최소 1.618 uSv, 최대 202.805 uSv를 나타냈고 평균 유효선량은 34.41 uSv를 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과에서 갑상선 위치에서 측정된 선량을 머리가 받은 선량으로 대체할 경우 PCI에서 평균 받는 선량을 연평균 1000건의 시술을 시행한다고 할 경우 90 mSv/year 에 해당한다. 이를 2년 누적할 경우 눈의 제한선량인 150 mSv를 초과하는 수치이다. 심장혈관 중재적 시술은 의료 방사선의 피폭 에 있어 CT 다음으로 큰 부분을 차지하고 있다. 따라서 시술이 시행되는 동안 환자와 시술자의 방사선 방 어가 적절히 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 하며 검사의 최적화와 정당성을 확보하여 안전한 검사가 될 수 있 도록 해야 한다. 이를 위해 시술자에게는 적절한 교육이 이루어져야 하고 시술 중에는 개인방어 장비를 착 용하여야 하며 모니터링을 통해 환자와 시술자의 피폭선량을 줄이는 노력이 필요하다.

본 연구에서는 소아 두부 CT 검사에 있어서 피폭 방사선량을 경감할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 부산지역 병원들에서 시행된 년 간 소아 두부 CT 검사에 대한 CT 선량지표(CTDI)를 국내 진단참고준위와 비교하여 분석함으로써 제안점을 도출하고자 하였다. 결과적으로 병원별 분류에서는 병원, 종합병원, 상급종합병 원 순으로 권고량이 초과하는 것으로 나타났으며 연령별 분류에서는 2-5세 이하, 1개월-1세 이하, 6-10세 이하 순으로 권고량이 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 스캔방식별 분류에서는 Helical, Axial, Volume방식 순으로 권고량이 초과하고 있었으며 스캔범위를 진단참고준위에 맞게 재설정한 결과 상급종합병원에서 재설정 으로 인한 감소율은 11.68%, 종합병원에서 15.79%, 병원에서 20.66%로 초과율이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 환자선량 권고량 가이드라인을 벗어나지 않는 환자의 평균 스캔범위의 분석결과 1개월-1세 이하에서 103.2± 11.8 mm, 2-5세 이하에서 110.5±14.5 mm, 6-10세 이하에서는 117.8±17.2 mm로 나타났다.

The aim of this study is to determine the exposure concentration of tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) in southwestern coast and their photodecomposition rate. Also, it is to identify the radical species of the photodecomposition of TBBPA and their reactive byproducts using the electron spin resonance(ESR) method. TBBPA was not detected in any of the sea water samples from Mokpo, Gunsan, or Goheung. The sediment samples from Mokpo contained not detection(N.D)∼50.0 ng/g dry wt., while those from Gunsan contained N.D∼28.5 ng/g dry wt. and those from Goheung contained N.D∼7.3 ng/g dry wt. The photodecomposition rates were 2.56 × 10-6/hr by visible light(400 nm), 7.98 × 10-6/hr by ultraviolet light(300 nm <), and 6.78 × 10-6/hr by sunlight. Also, we confirmed that singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the key reactive oxygen species at wavelengths greater than 400 and 300 nm, respectively. This study shows that the main byproducts formed during irradiation at wavelengths above 300 nm are 2,6-dibromobenzosemiquinone radical(2,6-DBSQ·-) and g-value 2.0048 doublet spectrum.

방사선학 영역에서의 디지털 영상 장치의 사용이 급격히 증가되고 있음에도 불구하고, 사용 장치에서의 최적 조사 조건 설정이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 방사선 장치의 촬영조건에 따른 피폭선량 과 화질을 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 이에 CR, DR의 디지털 방사선 촬영장치를 이용하여 현재 사용하고 있 는 촬영조건을 기준으로 각 5단계씩 조건을 변경시키면서 피폭선량을 측정하였으며, 획득한 영상은 의료 영상전문가 20명에게 일본 결핵예방학회의 평가법을 준용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과, CR 시스템의 경우 기 준 조건인 110 kVp, 3.2 mAs에서의 화질평가 86점 보다 120 kVp, 1.5~2.4 mAs에서 화질평가 91, 95.5 점으로 보다 우수하게 나타났으며, 이 때 피폭선량 또한 기준 조건에서의 105.11 μGy 보다 낮은 61.3~98.4 μGy로 평가되었다. DR 시스템 경우는 오히려 기준 조건인 125 kVp, 3.2 mAs에서의 화질평가 91점보다 관전압이 낮은 영역인 112 kVp, 2.4~3.2 mAs에서 97점, 98.6점 사이의 높은 화질평가 점수를 나타내었으며, 피폭선량 또한 기준 조건에서의 93 μGy 보다 낮은 61.5 μGy, 77.2 μGy로 평가되었다. 이 러한 결과는 디지털 장치의 적절한 조사조건을 설정함으로써 동일한 화질의 영상에 대해 환자 피폭선량을 저감시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

A proper development of the epididymis during the early postnatal development is required for successful fertility in the adult male. Direct cell-cell communication via connexin (Cx) molecules is a common way of cellular interactions to achieve normal development of a given tissue consisting of different cell types. The present research was attempted to determine the effect of exogenous exposure to estrogenic agonist or antiandrogen at the weaning age on expression of Cx isoforms in the adult corpus epididymis. Male rats were subcutaneously administrated with estradiol benzoate (EB) or flutamide (Flu) at the weaning age. The tissue was collected at 4 months of age. Expressional levels of Cx isoforms were determined by a quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical comparison showed significant increases of Cxs31, 32, 37, 40, and 43 transcript amounts by a treatment of 0.015 mg of EB /kg body weight (BW). A treatment of 1.5 μg of EB /kg BW caused a significant decrease of Cx43 gene expression but increases of Cxs26, 31, 32, 37, and 40 transcript levels. Exposure to 500 mg of Flu/kg BW induced an increase of Cx37 expression but significant decreases of Cxs43 and 45 mRNA levels. Expression of Cx37 was increased by a treatment of 5 mg of Flu/kg BW, while transcript levels of Cxs26, 30.3, 31, 31.1, 32, and 43 were significantly decreased by same treatment. These results demonstrate that exposure to steroidal compounds at the early developmental age alters expression of Cx isoforms in the adult corpus epididymis.

본 연구는 1차 의료기관 내원 환자를 대상으로 진단용 방사선 검사 시 방사선피폭 인식에 대한 관련요인을 분석하여 방사선피폭 인식의 변화를 위한 교육 자료를 만드는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 시도하였다. 방사선 장치 중 가장 방사선 피폭을 가장 많이 받는 검사에 대해서는 전체 66.7%로 CT가 가장 높았으며, 방사선 검사 시 피폭에 가장 민감한 부위에 대해서는 생식선 56.2% 가장 많았고, 방사선에 대한 정보 파악은 전체 25.9%가 TV나 신문을 통해 습득하는 것이 가장 많았다. 방사선 인식도, 방사선 유해성, 방사선 검사 시 심리상태, 방사선 피폭방지, 방사선 필요성에 대해서는 성 별간 남자가 더 높게 나타났으며, 통계학적으로는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구를 통해서 환자들로 하여금 방사선피폭에 대하여 올바르게 인식을 할 수 있도록 교육프로그램의 개발이 시급하며, 방사선사들에게는 환자의 피폭선량을 경감을 위한 세심한 배려가 필요하다고 하겠다. 또한 환자들은 방사선에 대해서 올바르게 인식하는 것이 촬영 시 불안감과 방사선피폭을 줄일 수 있을 것이다.

In the current concrete structure of the highway is still the major problem most of concrete deterioration caused by the freeze-thaw and de-icing salt, which is of issues that are not completely resolved. In particular, a single freezing event does not cause much harm, durability of concrete under multi-deterioration environment by repeated freeze-thaw and de-icing salt is rapidly degraded and reduce its service life. In this study, to considering environmental characteristics when design and construction of concrete structures, the exposure environmental guidelines were established by investigation the application rates of de-icing salt, temperatures and snowfall characteristics during five years (2004∼2008) by regions. Also, damage condition and chloride content of the structural at regions of moderate and severe environmental exposures were investigated.

As an endocrine disruptor, bisphenol-A (BPA) causes several functional and behavioral abnormalities related to reproduction. The current study was design to evaluate the effect of perinatal exposure of female mice to BPA on sperm function of adult F(1) offspring. Pregnant female mice F(0) were gavaged with three different concentration of BPA, such as 50 μg/kg/day (tolerable daily intake value by the European Food Safety Authority), 5 mg/kg/day (no-observed-adverse-effect level; NOAEL), and 50 mg/kg/day (lowest-observed-adverse-effect level; LOAEL) and corn oil (7 mg/kg/day; vehicle control). The functional parameters of F(1) spermatozoa were studied both before and after capacitation, whereas the fertility assessment was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assay using unexposed females. Our results showed that spermatozoa hyperactivated motility, capacitation, intracellular ATP, Ca2+, and ROS levels after capacitation were significantly affected using NOAEL and LOAEL concentration of BPA. However, the sperm motility was only affected by LOAEL dose after capacitation. All of the tested parameters were potentially unaffected by BPA before capacitation, except intracellular ATP that decreased by all concentrations. Although both NOAEL and LOAEL concentration were effectively reduced the rate of fertilization and embryonic development in vitro, however the average litter size was only affected by LOAEL dose. Our finding suggested that perinatal exposure of 50 μg/kg/day did not produce significant effects; however both NOAEL and LOAEL affects overall sperm function after capacitation, leading to impairments in the fertility of F(1) male offspring.

Highly homogeneous and functional stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are considered a promising option in the treatment of liver disease and the development of effective in vitro toxicity screening tool. However, the purity of cells and expression and/or activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in stem cell-derived HLCs are usually too low to be useful for clinical or in vitro applications. Here, we describe a highly optimized differentiation protocol, which produces more than 90% albumin-positive HLCs with no purification process. In addition, we show that hepatic enzyme gene expressions and activities were significantly improved by generating three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal aggregate of HLCs. The 3D differentiation method increased expressions of nuclear receptors that regulate the proper expression of key hepatic enzymes. Furthermore, a significantly increased hepatic functions such as albumin and urea secretion were observed in 3D hepatic spheroids and HLCs in the spheroid exhibited morphological and ultrastructural features of normal hepatocytes. Importantly, we show that repeated exposures to xenobiotics facilitated the functional maturation of HLC, as confirmed by increased expression of genes for drug metabolizing enzymes and transcription factors. In conclusion, the 3D culture system with repeated exposures to xenobiotics may be a new strategy for enhancing hepatic maturation of stem cell-derived HLCs as a cell source for in vitro high-throughput hepatotoxicity models.

현재 전 세계적으로 자연적, 인위적 요인으로 인하여 이상기후가 나타나고 있다. 이상기후의 대표적인 것으로 슈퍼태풍, 극한폭설, 폭염과 같은 극한 기후현상이 초래된다. 1970년대 산업화 시대 이후 급격하게 지구의 온도가 상승하는 것을 알 수 있으며, 이로 인하여 발생하는 가장 큰 문제점은 지구 온난화이다. 지구 온난화에 영향을 미치는 온실가스의 종류로는 이산화탄소, 과불화탄소, 아산화질소, 메탄과 같은 다양한 종류의 화학성분이 존재하며 특히 이산화탄소가 약 90%의 비중을 차지하는 것을 알 수 있다. 콘크리트의 경우 건설재료로써 탁월한 내구성능을 지니고 있으며, 사회기반시설물 건설 재료로 70%이상 사용되고 있다. 그러나 콘크리트는 타설직후 물리·화학적으로 다양한 환경조건으로부터 성능저하 현상이 발생하기도 한다. 특히 대기중의 이산화탄소는 콘크리트 알칼리도 저하에 따른 철근을 부식시키고 내구성 저하를 초래하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 풍속, 일조시간에 관하여 양생 한 후 콘크리트의 탄산화 실험을 접목시켜 탄산화 깊이와 탄산화 속도 계수를 측정하고 이를 바탕으로 만족도 확률 곡선을 통하여 성능중심평가(Performance Based Evaluation(PBE))를 수행 할 것이다.