Recently, small and medium-sized manufacturing companies have shown increased interest in and participation in smart factories in order to survive in market competition. However, many SMEs build smart factories without a systematic review or preparation, which leads to them not being able to use them properly. This study considers the main reason for the low utilization rate of smart factories to be a lack of sufficient reflection of user requirements. Therefore, a method and procedure for deriving the priority of smart factory requirement functions and operating performance indicators based on QFD is proposed as a solution to this issue.

This study was aimed to determine the effects of grow media on the mineral contents of the leaves and growth characteristics of strawberry grown under aquaponics system in a plant factory. For aquaculture, 12 fish (Cyprinus carpio) (total weight, 2.0 kg) were raised in an aquaponics tank (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.45 m, 472.5 L) filled with 367.5 L of water at a density of 5.44 kg·m-3 and total 34 of strawberry seedlings were transplanted in the pots filed with 200 g of orchid stone, hydroball or polyurethane sponge in the growing bed (W 0.7 m × L 1.5 m × H 0.22 m) laid out with holly acrylic sheet (140×60 mm, Ø80) on the top of the system. The pH and EC of the aquaponic solution was ranged from 7.6 to 4.9 and 0.24－0.91 dS·m-1, respectively. The concentration of NO3-N was about 28% lower than that of the hydroponic standard solution, and K, Fe and B were 10, 27 and 3.8 times lower, respectively; however, the mineral contents of strawberry leaves were in the appropriate ranges with lower contents in the leaves grown with sponge media. The organic content (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of the sludge were 61.5, 5.72, 8.92, and 0.24%, respectively. The leaf area, leaf number, and dry and fresh weights of shoot at 81 DAT were significantly higher in the hydroball, and the average number of fruits per plant was significantly higher in both the orchid stone and hydroball. There was no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of fruits. Integrated all the results suggest that the orchid stone and hydroball media are more effective to utilize nutrients in solid particles of aquaponic solution, compared to the polyurethane sponge.

본 연구는 같은 일적산광량(DLI) 조건에서 각각의 광강도 와 광주기 조합이 십자화과 식물 3종의 생육 및 글루코시놀레 이트(GSLs) 함량에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 갓(Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), 적겨자(Brassica juncea L.), 케일(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (DC.) Alef.) 종자를 암면 배지에 파종하여 3주간 육묘하였다. 육묘 후 DLI 를 10mol·m-2·d-1로 설정하여 10h-280, 14h-200, 18h-155, 22h-127μmol·m-2·s-1 처리 조합으로 3주간 처리하였다. 14h- 200μmol·m-2·s-1 처리한 결과, 적갓과 케일은 지상부 생체중/ 건물중, 엽수, 엽면적이 증가하였지만, 유의적 차이는 관찰되 지 않았다. 적갓의 GSLs 함량에서 14h-200μmol·m-2·s-1 처리 가 10h-280, 18h-155, 22h-127μmol·m-2·s-1 처리보다 각각 유의적으로 139.95, 135.87, 154.03% 증가하였으며, 케일의 경우 14h-200μmol·m-2·s-1 처리가 다른 처리구보다 각각 132.96, 122.06, 131.78% 유의하게 증가하였다. 적겨자는 18h-155μmol·m-2·s-1 처리에서 지상부 생체중/건물중, GSLs 함량이 증가하였으며, 14h-200μmol·m-2·s-1 처리에서 엽수가 10h-280, 18h-155, 22h-127μmol·m-2·s-1 처리보다 각각 15.62, 12.12, 32.14% 유의적으로 증가하였다. 유사한 십자 화과 작물이라도 종에 따라 DLI 반응이 다르기 때문에 최적의 DLI 조건 구명과 최소의 전력 소비량 및 최대 효율을 내기 위 한 광질 연구를 병행하여 더 세밀한 결과를 도출해야 할 것으 로 사료된다.

식물공장에서 적합한 광을 선정하기 위해서는 양적인 측면 과 기능적 측면 뿐만 아니라 운영비를 고려하기 위하여 전기 에너지이용효율과 광이용효율을 동시에 고려해야 하는데 본 연구에서는 들깨를 위한 LED광원의 광량, 적색광과 청색광 의 혼합 비율과 광주기 조건별 생육 특성과 전기에너지이용효 율과 광이용효율을 함께 비교하였다. 광량 처리구는 60, 130, 230, 320μmol·m-2·s-1 조건으로, 광질 처리구는 적색광과 청 색광의 혼합 비율 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8 조건으로, 일장 처리구는 낮 기준 9, 12, 15, 18시간으로 처리하였다. 광량 실험에서는 광량이 높을수록 생육량이 늘어나는데 비해 소비전력당 건물 중의 광이용효율은 유의차가 없었다. 소비전력당 엽생체중을 추가로 비교해보면 320μmol·m-2·s-1 처리구에서만 유의적으 로 낮은 효율을 보였고 이외의 처리구에서는 유의차가 없었기 때문에 생산량이 가장 많은 230μmol·m-2·s-1가 가장 효율적 이었다. 광질 실험에서는 적색광과 청색광의 혼합 비율은 RB 8:2에서 생육량과 광이용효율이 동시에 높게 측정되었고 색 차와 flavonoids 함량에서는 유의차가 발생하지 않아 Red: Blue 비율 8:2가 가장 적합한 조건이었다. 광주기 실험에서는 광주기가 길어질수록 높은 생육량을 나타냈는데 일장 12시간 이상에서는 생육량의 유의차가 없었으므로 광소비 효율을 고 려한 12시간이 적합한 조건이었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 식물공장에서 들깨 생육을 위한 LED 광 환경 조건으로는 광 도, 광질과 일장은 각각 230μmol·m-2·s-1 이상, 8:2와 12시간 이상이었다.

The smart factory is an important system that can reduce defects, maximize productivity, and respond to customer needs, from the labor-intensive era of traditional small and medium-sized manufacturing companies through the automation era to CPS using ICT. However, small and medium-sized manufacturers often fall short of the basic stage due to economic and environmental constraints, and there are many companies that do not even recognize the concept of a smart factory. In this situation, to expand the smart factory of small and medium-sized enterprises, the project to support the establishment of a smart factory for the win-win between large and small enterprises. The win-win smart factory construction support project provides a customized differentiation program support project according to the size and level of the company for all domestic manufacturing SMEs regardless of whether or not they are dealing with Samsung. In this study, we analyze the construction status and introduction performance of companies participating in the win-win smart factory support project to find out whether they have been helpful in management and to find efficient ways to improve support policies, and to suggest the direction of continuous support projects to improve the manufacturing competitiveness of SMEs in the future.

This study examines the effects of participation purpose, corporate readiness, and acceptance of changes that may occur in the course of expert guidance on the performance of smart factory. For this study, 129 questionnaires obtained from SMEs participating in the Smart Meister support project were used, and SPSS 18.0 and the AMOS 18.0 program were used for statistical processing for empirical analysis of the hypotheses test. It was found that the company's business participation motivation and readiness status had a significant effect on the acceptance and cooperation of changes that occurred during the consulting process. In addition, the acceptance and cooperation of changes within the company had a significant effect on the satisfaction with the Meister support project and the financial performance. Companies participating in the Meister support project need to clarify their motives for participating in the project and make stable corporate readiness in advance. In addition, based on the CEO’s support, it is necessary to have a motivational program and to build an organizational culture that can actively accept innovation.

한국에서 산업유산은 주로 광산이나 공장 등 대규모의 광업, 제조시설 혹은 상수도나 교량, 철도 등 토목관련 시설, 즉 협의의 산업유산 개념을 중심으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 산업의 발전에 있어 노동의 중요성은 간과할 수 없는 것이며, 특 히 대규모 산업생산이 가능할 수 있었던 데에는 사택단지와 같은 대규모 노동자 주택 단지의 건설이 기반이 되었다. 최근 산업유산이 보존과 활용의 대상으로 주목을 받고 있는 데에도 불구하고, 많은 노동자주택들은 관심의 대상조차 되지 못한 채 사라져가고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1930년대 후반 일제의 군수공업도시로 형성된 부평의 대표적인 사택인 미쓰비시 중공업의 사택과 1960년대 경제개발기 공업도시로 발전한 울산의 현존하는 사택인 한국화학공업사택을 대상으로 살펴보면 서 산업유산의 개념을 노동자주택과 도시경관을 포함하는 산업도시경관으로 확장하는 것을 제안하고자 한다.

Ppuri or Root technology primarily includes technologies such as casting, mold, plastic working, welding, heat treatment and surface treatment. It is regarded as an essential element for improving the competitiveness of the quality of final products. This study investigates the current status of smart factory implementation for Ppuri companies and analyzes the influencing relationships among various company factors. The factors affecting smart factory implementation for Ppuri companies are sales, exports, number of technical employees, and holding corporate research institutes. In addition, this research shows that even if smart factory implementation is pursued for data collection, data utilization is not implemented properly. Thus, it is suggested that the implementation of smart factories requires not only the availability of facilities and systems but also proper data utilization.

장인1)은 뛰어난 중국전통건축의 구체적인 창건자이자 실천자이고 기예의 계승자이다. 전통건축공장의 영건기예(營 建技藝)는 중국건축전통의 중요한 부분이다. 중국전통건축공장기예연구중심(中國傳統建築工匠技藝硏究中心, 이하 기 예센터로 약칭함)은 중국전통건축장인의 기예특징과 전승계보, 인재육성의 모델을 심도 있게 발굴하고 과학적인 연구 를 하기 위한 취지를 갖고 설립되었으며, 전통건축장인의 기예를 보존, 전승하는 종합적인 연구를 하는 중국 최초의 플랫홈이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 중국설계감리협회 소속 전통건축분과위원회의 중요한 연구기구이기도 하다. 여기서는 기예센터의 설치배경과 목적 그리고 업무내용에 대한 소개를 통해 기예센터가 목표로 삼고 있는 전통건축장인기예의 보호와 전승 그리고 발전의 장애요인 등에 해 살펴보고, 전통의 관점에 출발한 하나의 장작기예(匠作技藝)를 전반적 으로 연구하는 플랫홈이 장인의 문화, 역사, 인재 배출, 정책, 기예를 연구하는 출발점으로서 고등건축교육체계 속에 서 전통건축설계언어에 숙달된 설계자의 육성 방안을 탐색해 보고자 한다. 전통건축설계가 시공과 어떻게 접목되어 야 하고, 전통건축장인의 육성 모델 등을 연구하는 플랫폼으로서 향후 중국건축의 발전을 위한 원점과 거점을 찾아 보고자 한다.

This study aimed to determine the photosynthesis and growth characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum T. grown under aquaponics in a plant factory (AP) by comparing those grown under hydroponic cultivation system (HP). The AP system raised 30 fishes at a density of 10.6 kg·m-3 in a 367.5 L tank, and at HP, nutrient solution was controlled with EC 1.3 dS·m-1 and pH 6.5. The pH level ranged from 4.0 to 7.1 for the AP system and 4.0 to 7.4 for the HP system. The pH level in the AP began to decrease with an increase in nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and lasted bellower than pH 5.5 for 15–67 DAT. It was found that ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) continued to increase even under low pH conditions. EC was maintained at 1.3 to 1.5 dS·m-1 in both systems. The concentration of major mineral elements in the fish tank was higher than that of the hydroponics, except for K and Mg. There was no significant difference in the photosynthesis characteristics, but the PIABS parameters were 30.4% lower in the AP compared to the HP at the 34DAT and 12.0% lower at the 74DAT. There was no significant difference in the growth characteristics, but the petiole length was 56% longer in the leaf grown under the AP system. While there was no significant difference in the fresh and dry weights of leaf and root, the leaf area ratio was 36.43% higher in the AP system. All the integrated results suggest that aquaponics is a highly-sustainable farming to safely produce food by recycling agricultural by-products, and to produce Peucedanum japonicum as much as hydroponics under a proper fish density and pH level.

This study examines the trends of domestic and foreign smart industries and discusses safety and security issues. Based on the actual situation survey and interview of the smart factory, we would like to examine the perspectives on risks and threats. We will examine safety and health issues related to new harmful and risk factors that may occur in smart factories and suggest institutional development directions for future safety and health. First, a safety and health-related work environment for smart factory workers is investigated and interviews are conducted. Second, we investigate new risk factors and threats to prevent industrial accidents for workers in smart factories. The purpose of this study is to examine what are the new risk factors in the smart factory. In addition, we will try to find reasonable improvement measures by finding out the risks and threats of smart factories through case studies in advanced countries, on-site interviews and surveys.