PURPOSES : As road pavement design in an apartment complex varies from one site to another, it is practically difficult to calculate and estimate the traffic volume of construction vehicles. Therefore, this study introduces a methodology to estimate the number of construction vehicles and use it as an indicator to evaluate the conditions of road pavement in an apartment complex. METHODS: Through a literature review and site survey, the operational status of the construction vehicles passing through the site was identified, and the factors affecting the number of construction vehicles were analyzed. The methodologies used to estimate the number of construction vehicles were verified by calculating the Cumulative Load Prediction Index (CLPI), which is a predictive index of the cumulative load on each path. By using this index, the traffic volume of construction vehicles can be estimated based on the number of households in an apartment complex. To prove this definition, we examined the surface and core conditions, and compared the results against the predicted values. RESULTS : By comparing the Cumulative Load Prediction Index with the crack rate on the pavement surface, we obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.92. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the core condition rate would decrease as the Cumulative Load Prediction Index increased. This correlation between the Cumulative Load Prediction Index, and the pavement surface and core status demonstrates that the traffic volume can be estimated by considering the number of households. CONCLUSIONS: The Cumulative Load Prediction Index presented in this study is a suitable indicator for estimating the conditions of the road pavement in an apartment complex by considering the number of households in the complex, even if the construction processes and characteristics vary.

PURPOSES : This paper proposes a design framework for planetary road infrastructure by considering the characteristic environment, natural resource, and loading conditions on the Moon and Mars. METHODS : From the perspective of civil engineering, available literatures such as technical articles, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Technology Roadmaps 2015, Strategic Knowledge Gap, and mechanistic-empirical pavement design method are comprehensively reviewed for planetary road construction. The concept of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) is re-interpreted by comparing ISRU on the Earth and Moon with emphasis on the significance of interconnection between resource utilization and infrastructure development. RESULTS : According to the literature reviews, the factors that have significant effect on planetary road pavement design, construction, and maintenance are selected and evaluated. In addition, by considering the interconnection issue, a design framework is suggested that includes the resource issues not only of planetary road pavement but also of construction equipment. Subsequently, the framework is widened to apply for preliminary planetary infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS : Although the proposed preliminary design framework is not conclusive and has to be elaborated, an initial framework to consider interconnection issues and ISRU is suggested for planetary road pavement. The suggested framework will be applied for road pavement design and will be used to evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of alternatives.

PURPOSES : This study aims to survey and analyze the status of the design and completion documents output delivery system in public construction projects in order to assess the problems of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT)'s electronic delivery system, with a focus on roads and rivers, and to offer improvement measures. METHODS: This study first surveys and analyzes laws and existing study trends with regard to the design and completion documents output delivery system in public construction projects. It further analyzes the status of the output delivery system in public construction projects, including roads, rivers, expressways, water resources, and railroads. In addition, a comparative analysis of the current electronic delivery system of MOLIT and Korea Expressway Corporation in the road field is conducted, and the problems and improvement measures for MOLIT's electronic output delivery system are presented. This study seeks to analyze problems and prepare improvement measures with regard to road and river public construction projects, as ordered by MOLIT’s five regional offices. RESULTS: This study sought to prepare the electronic output delivery system with regard to public construction projects and present the analysis of its major problems and improvement measures in four categories: “the preparation of electronic design documents output delivery system improvement measures including inspection and delivery,”“preparation of guidelines, systems, etc., concerning electronic design documents,”“preparation of improvement measures for the construction project management system and electronic design document support tools”, and “linking of MOLIT's electronic output delivery system with relevant agencies and the expansion thereof to local governments.” CONCLUSIONS : This study analyzed the current status and problems of the MOLIT's electronic output delivery system in the field of road and river construction projects, and presented corresponding improvement measures. This study is expected to address the problems of the MOLIT's electronic output delivery system, and to provide the foundation for the preparation of an efficient electronic output delivery system for design and completion documents. In addition, this study is expected to boost the quality and utilization of the electronic design documents output, and to exchange, share, and link construction information among relevant agencies so as to prepare the foundation for sharing construction information.

PURPOSES: In this study, design elements of rest areas for drowsy drivers are classified and appropriate criteria for each design element are presented. METHODS : By comparing and analyzing the design criteria for rest areas, the most appropriate installation criteria were suggested by considering the driving patterns of rest area users. RESULTS: As a result of the study, elements influencing the design of rest areas for drowsy drivers are suggested such as installation location and installation type. In addition, proper separation distance between resting areas was suggested considering vehicle flow, users’fatigue and physiological needs. Other criteria for rest areas were also suggested. CONCLUSIONS : Proper safety facilities were not installed in rest areas because appropriate criteria were not established. In this study, design elements were derived and installation criteria were designed so that rest areas could be used safely and conveniently.

국내의 고속국도와 일반국도는 특성상 넓은 지역을 관통하게 되어 해당지역에 생활권의 분할과 지역주민들의 소통, 이동간의 불편 등의 영향을 미치게 된다. 이로 인한 불편을 해소하고자 부체도로(附替道路)를 설계·시공하고 있다. 그러나 부체도로의 특성상 교통량이 기존 도로에 비해 현저히 낮은 수준으로 기존의 시멘트콘크리트 슬라브 20cm, 보조기층 20cm의 포장두께가 다소 과하다는 의견이 빈번하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 부체도로의 교통량에 따른 등급을 설정하고 단면두께를 제안하였으며, 포장구조해석 프로그램을 통한 공용성 분석을 실시하였다. 전라북도 전주시 및 수도권의 부체도로 13개소 교통량 조사결과 일평균 약 40대로 국형포장설계법의 교통량 C1등급에 해당되는 교통량으로 조사되었다. 따라서 기존의 KPRP(한국형포장설계법) 카달로그 설계등급3의 포장두께가 다소 과다할 것으로 추정되며, 인근 공장에 의한 중차량하중이 발생하게 되는 것을 고려하여 기존의 한국형포장설계법의 포장두께를 수정하였다. 수정된 아스팔트포장 단면두께는 1∼100대 : C1(표층5cm·기층7cm·보조기층15cm), 101∼500대 : C2(5·8·17), 501∼1500대(중차량·농기계 주행고려구간) : C3(5·10·20)로 분류 하였다. 콘크리트포장과 아스팔트포장의 KPRP 비교·분석 시 콘크리트포장의 설계는 기준대비 균열율(%), 종단평탄성(m/km) 발생량이 비교적 낮은 값으로 나타났으며, 아스팔트포장의 경우 기층 10cm미만은 분석이 불가하여 C3단면을 분석한 결과 설계기준 값을 모두 만족하였다. 또한 KENLAYER(다층탄성해석 프로그램)와 ABAQUS(유한요소해석 프로그램)로 잔존수명 분석결과 콘크리트포장의 잔존수명은 사용 교통량에 비해 높은 값으로 나타났으며, 아스팔트포장의 경우 각 단면두께에 대해서 도로포장구조설계해설서(2011)의 층별 탄성계수를 사용하여 공용성을 분석한 결과 각각의 잔존수명이 유사하게 예측되었다. 세 가지 해석 프로그램의 분석결과 설계기준 충족 및 적정한 잔존수명을 나타내는 것으로 보아, 앞서 제안한 아스팔트 단면두께가 부체도로의 콘크리트포장 설계의 대안으로 적절하다고 판단된다. 따라서 부체도로 포장 설계 시 교통량, 중차량하중 등의 현장여건을 고려한 부체도로 설계를 반영한다면 기존 부체도로 포장에 비해 보다 합리적인 설계가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 일반도로와 달리 단면두께가 최소화된 부체도로에 대한 공용석 분석 방안 및 도로포장에서 환경요인에 의한 파손유형 연구가 필요 할 것으로 판단된다

한국도로공사는 ‘고차원 설계환경 기반의 차세대 고속도로 설계 및 관리역량 강화’, BIM 기반의 건설·운영 프로세스를 정립하기 위하여 EX-BIM 로드맵을 수립하였다(2016. 5). 현재 초기 도입단계로써,「EX-BIM 시공단계 표준모델 구축 연구」(한국도로공사, 건설처, 2017)를 수행하고 있다. 연구의 일환으로 시공단계 BIM 적용방안 마련을 위하여 ‘성남-구리간 고속도로 건설공사’를 대상으로 설계단계 BIM 성과품에 대한 검토 및 효과분석을 시행하고 있다. 성남-구리 노선 5개공구는 모두 설계-시공 일괄입찰방식으로 추진중이며, 수도권 주요 도심지를 우회하고 한강을 횡단하는 노선으로, 대부분 교량과 터널 등 구조물 위주로 설계되어 있다. 설계단계 BIM 성과품은 작성완료단계에 있으며, 이어 시공단계 BIM을 수행할 예정이다. BIM 적용 목표로 공기의 적정성, 수량의 적정성, 주요 시설물에 대한 간섭검토 등을 요구하였다. 그래서, 각 공구별 수행사는 BIM 실행계획서(BEP, BIM Execution Plan)를 작성하여 BIM 활용방안을 제시하고 설계단계 BIM을 수행하였으며, 이를 반영하여 최종 BIM 성과품을 작성하는 절차로 진행하였다 설계단계에서는 공기와 수량의 적정성 검토, 주요 시설물에 대한 간섭검토 위주로 BIM을 적용하였다. 공구별 3D/4D 모델을 작성하여, 일련의 과정과 결과를 BIM 결과보고서에 포함하여 성과품으로 작성하였으며, 이를 근거로, 설계 성과품 품질 향상과 시공단계 BIM 활용을 위하여 설계BIM 성과품을 검토하고 효과분석을 수행하였다. 성과품 검토 결과, 노선 특성에 따라 교량 및 터널 등 구조물 위주로 BIM을 적용하였으며, 도공 자체 WBS 모델 분류 체계에 따라 일부 모델을 구성하였으나, 공종별 주요 수량검토를 수행하기에는 공구 및 대상별 LOD가 다소 상이하고 미흡한 수준이었다. 설계단계 효과분석은 도면오류, 간섭검토, 주요 수량검토 등 설계시 대표업무에 대한 결과를 분석하였으며, 발주처나 시공사 입장에서 가시적 효과는 간섭검토, 도면오류검토 순으로 예상되었다. 추가로, 건설참여자를 대상으로 설계단계 BIM 모델을 시연하고 시공단계 활용성에 대하여 인터뷰를 실시하였는데, 가상현장과 사전시공 등 사업관리 측면에 대해 관심을 보였다. 본 연구는 성남-구리간 건설공사를 대상으로 설계단계 BIM 성과품을 검토하고 효과분석을 시행하여 고속도로 건설공사시 BIM 도입에 대한 타당성을 제시하고자 한다. 이와 함께, 설계단계 ROI 결과를 토대로 시공단계까지 확대 적용할수 있도록 지속적인 BIM 데이터 관리와 BIM 활용 효과에 대한 모니터링이 필요할 것이다.

PURPOSES :The purpose of this study is to perform a reliability analysis of the proposed wind load combination which governs the design of support structures of subsidiary road facilities, and to evaluate whether the target reliability of the design is satisfied.METHODS :The statistical estimation method is applied and the design period of the support structure is used to obtain the statistical property of the wind load. In addition, the statistical properties of the strength of support structures are obtained from a literature review and simulation study. Actual support structures are designed by the proposed load combination and are used as the examples to examine if the target reliability is obtained.RESULTS :The result of the reliability analysis performed by using the statistical properties of load and resistance for the support structure in this study indicates that the proposed wind load combination satisfied the target reliability index of the design. Also, the convenience of the design is achieved by adopting the same design wind velocity given in the bridge design code by applying the wind velocity ratio defined for the design period of the support structure.CONCLUSIONS :It is presented that the design using the wind load combination proposed in this study achieved the target reliability index and the design wind load for different design periods can be conveniently defined by applying the velocity ratio proposed in this study.

In contemporary society, vibration and noise in the road nearby buildings have become social problems as vehicles operation has increased. Especially, in the case of the building used to art performance, available suitability of the building is tested by the indoor noise class. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the measurement of the structure-borne noise of Seoul Art Center nearby Umyeonsan tunnel and analyzing the effects of countermeasure to it. To measure the effects of countermeasure, not only structure-borne noise is measured, but also the vibration is measured, before and after the construction of pavement using pad and porous asphalt. Consequently, the sound pressure level in art center 1st floor is reduced after mat pavement method, structure-borne noise that was high in 25Hz wide-band before pavement decreased regardless of experimental vehicle's velocity. Using porous asphalt pavement the noise was reduced about 3 dB(A).

PURPOSES :This study proposes standards for rural access road pavement section and thickness design considering existing access road construction conditions; the study also proposes a complementary policy that can be used for design convenience.METHODS:Various literature review and case studies had been performed in terms of rural access road section and thickness design, both domestically and internationally, and this was followed by domestic rural access road field surveys. KPRP and KENLAYER were used to analyze the commonalities and predict the remaining life. Data on real cost is used to select an appropriate construction method through economic analysis.RESULTS:The economic efficiency of concrete pavement (15×15) was the highest in terms of economic efficiency of performance life and traffic volume. In the case of asphalt pavement, it is considered that the most economical method is to implement micro-surfacing method four times as a preventive maintenance method (once every 10 years and 4.5 years for asphalt concrete pavement and MS construction method, respectively). Repairable asphalt pavement is advantageous for areas where heavy vehicles are expected to pass. In the case of other general areas, it is considered economical to place concrete (15×15) pavement. However, as analytical results on its performance life are unavailable, it is to be considered for study in the future.CONCLUSIONS :This study proposed interim design guidelines based on various domestic and international design guidelines and case studies. However, in order to develop the final design criteria applicable to the field, it is necessary to (a) estimate the bearing capacity of the lower level of the pavement at various sites, (b) estimate the daily traffic volume, (c) implement advanced low-cost pavement technologies, and (d) propose maintenance standards and techniques for long-term performance.