Due to the sewer induced ground subsidence, there is an increasing demand for the advanced visual inspection technique for the existing sewer pipe structures. This study aim to develop a new condition assessment method using visual inspection device with automatic crack extracting and real-time gas monitoring systems for large diameter glass-fiber reinforced plastic sewer pipes. In this paper, a high-precision image capturing system that automatically extracts cracks in the large-diameter sewer pipes and sewage culverts with a diameter of 1,000 mm or more, and a real-time gas detection sensor for investigator safety were considered. By analyzing the module technology of the visual inspection device, the test device and their software for system integration were developed. It is expected that the developed technique inspecting conditions of the GFRP sewer pipes using the proposed visual inspection device in this study can be effectively used for various types of underground structures in the future.
Automatic control systems in industrial manufacturing processes are becoming fundamental systems for maintaining effective productivity and high quality products. In addition to them, assisted utilities like electricity, steam, air or gas supplies and appropriate plc(programmable logic control) systems also must be adequately designed and installed for those manufacturing processes. Above mentioned automatic control systems and utility systems are made up with many kinds of electronic and electric parts like computers, plc’s, valves, switches, relays, sensors, guages, meters, etc., and should be mounted in control panels, so called control boxes or cabinets for easily operated and safely maintained. But these control boxes are usually exposed to unexpected environments like excessive high and low temperature, high humidity, dust, gas, vibration, impact, condensation, rain and snow, etc.. Nevertheless in those poor environments, the control systems should work always accurately, so the control boxes and all the parts inside the boxes should be made from the beginning to have durability against those environments suggested by some protection ratings standards.
In Kimchi manufacturing fields also, there are also many kinds of control boxes for the variety of process lines, especially there are many damp and salty processes, and if the moisture contains salt ingredients and it affects 20% more than that of water-only moisture influences. In this presentation, the environments of general manufacturing fields are suggested and the strong environmental resistance control box design process are proposed. And some international standards examples are presented for the control boxes of the Kimchi manufacturing fields.
한국의 김치산업은 위기에 직면하고 있다. 가격경쟁력이 약하여 중국산 김치의 수입은 매년 2만톤 이상 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있고, 최저임금의 상승으로 원가압력은 가중되고 있다. 한국의 김치공장은 3D 업종으로 외국인 노동자가 일하는 곳으로 전락되고 있다.
지금까지 십수년간 여러 가지 품질차별화 전략을 시도하였지만 김치의 수입은 늘고 수출은 정체되고 있다. 이러한 상황을 타파하려면 김치 제조공정의 자동화로 제조원가를 낮추어 가격경쟁력을 확보하는 수밖에 없다.
김치공장의 자동화는 가능하다. 특히 막김치 생산 공정은 이미 부분적으로 자동화가 진행되고 있어서, 주위의 ICT, robot, big data 등 진보된 기술을 융합하면 김치공장의 노동생산성을 획기적으로 높여 제조원가를 크게 낮출 수 있다.
중국산 김치와 경쟁할 수 있는 혁신적인 막김치 생산 공정을 설계하고, 배추상자 자동 쏟기 장치, 배추 부위별 절단장치, 가압 연속 절임 세척 접종 장치, 자동 계량 포장 장치를 개발하여, 막김치를 시간당 600kg 생산할 수 있는 모델공장을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 통해 3D공장을 3C공장으로 전환시키고, 중국산 김치와 가격과 품질 면에서 경쟁력 있는 김치의 생산이 가능함을 실증하며, 양질의 일자리를 창출할 수 있을 것이다.
Seafood is attracting attention as a future food industry. In recent years, the demand for fishery equipment of mechanization, automation, and unmanned was increased due to the environment affected by seafood processing, stricter regulations on safety, decline and aging of fishery worker. Ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) was being produced in many steps in the production process. The process has been made such as collection–landing–washing–first sort (goods/non-goods)–transports– second sort (size). It was undergone first and second steps by delivering to the consumer. Here, the first step is to sort goods to collection and the second step is to sort by size. The fishery workers need ten people in first step and six people in second step. The workload of one hour per kg is 4,247 kg/h in first step and 2,213 kg/h in second step. In addition, the goods ratio by work process was 79% in first step and 98% in the second step. In this process, a lot of fishery worker and working time is needed. Therefore, this study developed elemental techniques for an automated size sorting system considering the working process problem, time and situation for washing and sorting of ark shell.
According to the generalization of mobile device use in our life, the complexity and diversity of mobile applications are increased, and thus the importance of application test to find faults and errors quickly and easily before release grows. This paper reviews the current automatic testing methodologies for mobile device applications and their element technologies. Also, well-known commercial tools for automatic testing are surveyed and case studies of their recent industry applications in domestic and foreign countries are performed.
단풍나무는 종족 번식을 목적으로 씨앗을 확산시키기 위해 바람을 이용한다. 모수에서 분리된 씨앗은 자동회전을 하면서 떨어지는데 이 회전을 통해 생성된 앞전 와류로 높은 양력을 발생시킴으로써 씨앗을 천천히 낙하시킨다. 단풍나무 씨앗의 자동회전 현상은 안정적인 공기 역학적으로 낙하 초기 자세에 상관없이 일정한 크기의 회전율과 낙하 속도를 갖고 있어서 산업적 응용 가능성도 크다. 본 연구에서는 단풍나무 씨앗의 자동회전 현상의 특성을 실험적으로 밝히고 이를 생체 모방하여 소형 풍력 터빈으로 개발할 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.
이 논문은 예이츠부부가 결혼 초기에 실시했던 자동기술의 상당부분이 매우 개인적이며 성적인 내용으로 이루어져 있는 점에 주목하면서, 그러한 성적인 내용들이 자동기술에 어떻게 표현되어 있으며, 그것들은 자동기술에 표현되어 있는 철학적이고 종교적인 내용들과 어떤 관련성을 갖고 있는가, 또한 자동기술이 『비전』으로 엮어지는 과정에서 그러한 사적이고 성적인 내용들이 감추어지게 된 이유는 무엇이며, 그것들은 예이츠의 삶과 시에 어떤 영향을 주게 되는가에 대해 살피고 있다.
This article discusses A Vision so it could be of some help to reading some of Yeats's metaphysical poems. It is true that some of his metaphysical poems are so beautiful but that it is not easy to grasp what they really want to say to the readers, and how and why they appear so haunting and attracting to the general readers. Equally important is that the book itself is a poem of supreme beauty. There are two versions of A Vision. The first version Yeats privately published in 1925. His wife Georgie was a medium, through whom Yeats had talked with his teachers/gods for seven years; as a result, he created a system that classifies man into 28 types following the 28 phases of the moon, made a theory of reincarnation, a history of the world, based on the cyclical and antithetical nature of the moon and the gyre. The second version became a new book. Yeats revised the first version, deleting, adding, polishing much of it, and published it two years before he died. While composing the first book, Yeats said he did not read philosophy, because he did not want himself to be under the influence of the philosophy and distort what his teachers said through the automatic writing. He did read philosophy, however, for four years, to understand his wife's automatic writing accurately, when he revised it for the second publication. Yeats questioned what he had invented, and further contemplated big questions intellectuals of his time raised. All of these efforts grew to be the book of the century that is most elaborate, most abstract and most concrete as well. It is both a book of beauty itself and a book for reading his poetry and plays and his thoughts.
As a continuing effort to develop an automatic control system for small telescope, we developed the software for telescope control and CCD observations under DOS operating system. For accurate pointing of the telescope in short amount of time, we modelled the angular speed of the telescope by aquadratic function of time (constant acceleration) for the first 15 second and then linear function of time (zero acceleration) aftwewards. By changing the telescope speed from 'slew' to 'fine' before the telescope reaches the desired position, we could achieve the accuracy of a few arcsecond. The CCD control software was written for model CCD-10 of CCD Technology. This CCD can be used for guiding purposes. We also conducted the study for remote control of the telescope using telephone line. Although it cannot be used for real observations at the present form, we succeded in remotely pointing the telescope to desired direction. As faster communication technologies become widely available, simple observations can be made remotely in the near future. Finally we report some observational results made with the present control system.
사용 후 폐기되는 폐가전제품은 전 세계적으로 연간 약 5,000 만톤이 발생하고 있으나, 재활용되는 비율은 약 15.0 % 미만으로 폐가전제품의 처리 및 재활용에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. EU의 WEEE 지침뿐만 아니라 국내의 EPR 제도 확대시행 및 2018년 1인당 6.0 kg의 WEEE 재활용 목표 관리제 등의 규제가 강화되고 있는 실정이다. 폐가전제품(e-waste)에는 철금속류, 알루미늄 및 구리 등의 비철금속류 등 유용자원 뿐만 아니라 다량의 플라스틱류가 포함되어 있다. 특히, 폐소형가전의 경우 다양한 종류의 재료 및 부품이 사용되고 있으며, 철금속류, 구리 및 알루미늄 등의 비철금속류, PCBs 및 플라스틱 등 재활용이 가능한 유용자원을 다량으로 함유하고 있다. 특히, 폐소형가전의 경우 대형가전에 비해 플라스틱의 함유량이 높을 뿐만 아니라 다양한 재질의 플라스틱을 사용하고 있다. 플라스틱의 재질선별에 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 근적외선분광법(NIR 선별)의 경우 흑색 플라스틱의 재질을 인식하지 못하는 한계점 등으로 인하여 흑색 플라스틱의 재질선별 및 재활용 공정에 적용을 하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 레이저 기술을 기반으로 흑색 플라스틱 자동선별 시스템을 개발하였으며, 자동선별 시스템은 흑색 플라스틱 시료의 위치 자동인식 장치, 실시간으로 흑색 플라스틱의 재질을 인식하는 레이저유도기반분광 분석(LIBS) 장치, LIBS로부터 획득한 플라스틱의 재질별 특성 데이터의 분류를 위한 인공지능형 알고리즘 S/W, 재질별 선별/회수를 위한 선별분리장치 및 선별시스템 각각의 장치를 제어하기 위한 Control unit 등으로 구성되어 있다. 레이저 기술을 기반으로 흑색 플라스틱의 재질별 특성을 분석하였으며, 획득한 흑색 플라스틱 재질별 특성 데이터를 주성분 분석법(PCA)과 인공지능형 알고리즘 기법의 분류기를 적용하였다.