This study investigated how Korean EFL learners’ attentional allocation changes during task repetition with or without self-reflection and how this change affects their task performance. A total of 30 Korean high school students were divided into a task repetition only group, a task repetition with self-reflection group, and a comparison group. Each group repeated the same picture-based storytelling task according to its group condition and then performed a new task. Participants’ task performances were analyzed in terms of fluency, complexity, and accuracy and their retrospective interviews were categorized in order to explore their attentional allocation during task planning and performance. The results demonstrated that the learners placed most attention to conveying the message while planning and performing their first task. However, when repeating the same task, the learners paid more attention to structures and forms leading to improvement in complexity and accuracy. These learners were also more likely to employ strategies they had learned previously when doing a new task, which was helpful. Self-reflection raised learners’ awareness on the target form and positively influenced accuracy.

Semiconductor processes are mainly divided into FAB process, package and test. The FAB process is promoting smart factories over a long period of time. The situation of the package and test process is manual, but there is a wafer testing process that prepares the latest topic "SmartFactory". The purpose of this study is to study the key variables for the completion of the material allocation scheduling system which will be the base environment of the smart factory in the wafer test process and to build the system based on the designed research model.

Artillery fire power due to effectiveness which is hard to predict well-planned and surprising attack can give a fear and shock to the personnel and is a very core weapon system and takes a critical role in wartime. Therefore in order to maximize operational effectiveness, Army required protecting artillery and takes a quick attack action through rapid construction of artillery’s positions. The artillery use artillery’s position to prevent exposure by moving to other position frequently. They have to move and construct at new artillery’s positions quickly against exposing existed place by foe’s recognition. These positions should be built by not manpower but engineering construction equipment. Because artillery positions have to protect human and artillery equipment well and build quickly. Military engineering battalion have lots of construction equipment which include excavator, loader, dozer, combat multi-purposed excavator, armored combat earthmover dump truck and so on. So they have to decide to optimal number of Team combining these equipments and determine construction sequence of artillery’s position in operational plan. In this research, we propose to decide number of Team efficiently and allocate required construction’s positions for each Team under constraints of limited equipments and time. To do so, we develop efficient heuristic method which can give near optimal solution and be applied to various situation including commander’s intention, artillery position’s priority or grouping etc. This heuristic can support quick and flexible construction plan of artillery positions not only for using various composition’s equipment to organize Teams but also for changing quantity of positions.

Now, many studies of industrial field are focusing on the whole optimization of SCM. But, the reason for making simultaneity of the whole system of SCM difficult is reduced scale of studies on ordering area in SCM reducing the complexity. It's an important issue how to allocate orders in the environment of many suppliers under special situation. Through this thesis, this research intends to expect systematic and arranged supply of distribution area which can make a decision while allocating product orders and quantity and maintaining service standard suggested by minimizing total purchase costs.

This paper considers the allocation and engagement scheduling problem of interceptor missiles, and the problem was formulated by using MIP (mixed integer programming) in the previous research. The objective of the model is the maximization of total intercept altitude instead of the more conventional objective such as the minimization of surviving target value. The concept of the time window was used to model the engagement situation and a continuous time is assumed for flying times of the both missiles. The MIP formulation of the problem is very complex due to the complexity of the real problem itself. Hence, the finding of an efficient optimal solution procedure seems to be difficult. In this paper, an efficient genetic algorithm is developed by improving a general genetic algorithm. The improvement is achieved by carefully analyzing the structure of the formulation. Specifically, the new algorithm includes an enhanced repair process and a crossover operation which utilizes the idea of the PSO (particle swarm optimization). Then, the algorithm is throughly tested on 50 randomly generated engagement scenarios, and its performance is compared with that of a commercial package and a more general genetic algorithm, respectively. The results indicate that the new algorithm consistently performs better than a general genetic algorithm. Also, the new algorithm generates much better results than those by the commercial package on several test cases when the execution time of the commercial package is limited to 8,000 seconds, which is about two hours and 13 minutes. Moreover, it obtains a solution within 0.13 ~33.34 seconds depending on the size of scenarios.

Semiconductor manufacturing has suffered from the complex process behavior of the technology oriented control in the production line. While the technological processes are in charge of the quality and the yield of the product, the operational management is also critical for the productivity of the manufacturing line. The fabrication line in the semiconductor manufacturing is considered as the most complex part because of various kinds of the equipment, re-entrant process routing and various product devices. The efficiency and the productivity of the fabrication line may give a significant impact on the subsequent processes such as the probe line, the assembly line and final test line. In the management of the re-entrant process such as semiconductor fabrication, it is important to keep balanced fabrication line. The Performance measures in the fabrication line are throughput, cycle time, inventory, shortage, etc. In the fabrication, throughput and cycle time are the conflicting performance measures. It is very difficult to achieve two conflicting goal simultaneously in the manufacturing line. The capacity of equipment is important factor in the production planning and scheduling. The production planning consideration of capacity can make the scheduling more realistic. In this paper, an input and scheduling rule are to achieve the balanced operation in semiconductor fabrication line through equipment capacity and workload are proposed and evaluated. New backward projection and scheduling rule consideration of facility capacity are suggested. Scheduling wafers on the appropriate facilities are controlled by available capacity, which are determined by the workload in terms of the meet the production target.

본 연구의 목적은 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC)과 먼지(PM)의 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학종 분류를 할당하고, 성김 행렬 조작자 핵심 배출량 시스템(SMOKE) 내에 배출원 분류코드에 따른 배출원 프로파일의 화학종 분류와 시간분배계수를 수정하는 것이다. 기솔린, 디젤 증기, 도장, 세탁, LPG 등과 같은 VOC 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학 종 분류는 탄소 결합 IV (CBIV) 화학 메커니즘과 주 규모 대기오염연구센터 99 (SAPRC99) 화학 메커니즘을 위해 각각 12종과 34종을 포함한다. 또한 토양, 도로먼지, 가솔린, 디젤차, 산업기원, 도시 소각장, 탄 연소 발전소, 생체 연소, 해안 등과 같은 PM2.5 배출원 프로파일로부터 화학종 분류는 미세 먼지, 유기탄소, 원소 탄소, 질산염과 황산염의 5종으로 할당하였다. 게다가 점 및 선 배출원의 시간 프로파일은 2007년 수도권 지역에서의 굴뚝 원격감시시스템(TMS)과 시간별 교통 흐름 자료로부터 구하였다. 특별히 점 배출원에 있어 오존 모델링을 위한 시간분배계수는 굴뚝 원격감시시스템 자료의 NOX 배출량 인벤토리에 근거하여 추정하였다.

Due to their accessibility and 24-hr availability, convenience stores are an integral part of daily lives. Because they sell a limited number of products and have small shelf space, shelf space allocation and inventory replenishment are important considerations for inventory management that critically affect profit. In this paper, we propose five solutions for the vendor-managed inventory problem of convenience stores that maximize profit while considering stock-out-based product substitutions. The performance of the proposed solutions is evaluated via simulation to reflect the demand uncertainty and marketing activity.

Information System (IS) Success Model proposed by DeLone and McLean is applied as a successful operation tool of information system, with its basic assumption of symmetric relationship between independent variables and dependent variables of the structural equation modeling. However, because previous studies have proved asymmetry of quality factors' influence structure on dependent variable by applying three-factor analysis, this study examined asymmetry of impact structure of quality factors introduced in IS Success Model on user satisfaction. Also the study applies structure equation modeling (SEM), threefactor analysis and importance and performance analysis (IPA) to develop resource allocation strategy for IS success. The study is able to provide IS practitioners with strategic implications for allocating and managing limited resources more effectively.

To ensure that the production system of a factory is efficient, the factory layout design should consider the location and material flow plans of facilities, workshops, and storage areas. Highly productive factories need to have an optimized layout planning process, and a customized design methodology of the production system is a necessity for feasible layout planning. This paper presents a method for designing a layout module's size and shape and provides a heuristic location-allocation algorithm for the modules. The method is implemented and validated using a rich internet application-based platform. The layout design method is based on the leisure ship production process; this method can be used for designing the layout of a new factory or remodeling an existing factory and its production system. In contrast to existing layout methods, the inputs required for the proposed method, such as target products, production processes, and human-resource plans, are simple. This layout design method provides a useful solution for the initial stage of factory design.

Control allocation is an important part of a system. It implements the function that map the desired command forces from the controller into the commands of the different actuators. In this paper, the authors present an approach for solving constrained control allocation problem in vessel system by using multi-parametric quadratic programming (mp-QP) algorithm. The goal of mp-QP algorithm applied in this study is to compute a solution to minimize a quadratic performance index subject to linear equality and inequality constraints. The solution can be pre-computed off-line in the explicit form of a piecewise linear (PWL) function of the generalized forces and constrains. The efficiency of mp-QP approach is evaluated through a dynamic positioning simulation for a vessel by using four tugboats with constraints about limited pushing forces and found to work well.

1. 세계 26개국에서 도입된 녹두 유전자원 705점에 대하여16개의 형태적 형질 특성을 이용하여 각각 두 가지의 군집방법, 핵심집단 자원수 결정방법 및 표본추출 방법을 조합하여 총8개의 핵심집단(SUNPR, SUNPPr, UNPR, UNPPr, SUNLR, SUNLPr, UNLR, UNLPr)을 작성하여 원수집단과 비교한바 8개핵심집단 모두 원수집단과는 분산과 평균치에서 차이가 없었다. 2. Nei의 다양성지수는 8개 핵심집단 모두 원수집단 보다높았고, 특히 UNLPr이 가장 높았으며, UNPR은 다른 핵심집단에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 지수를 보였다. 3. 원수집단과 핵심집단간 자원분포의 동질성을 파악하기 위하여 카이자승 검증을 한 결과 12개 양적형질과 1개의 질적형질(종피색)은 모든 핵심집단이 동질분포를 보였으나 3개의질적 형질 (배축색, 종피광택, 생육습성)은 핵심집단에 따라서동질분포를 하는 것과 그렇지 않은 것이 있었으며, 8개 핵심집단 중 UNPPr은 동질성이 가장 높았다. 평균차율(MD%)과일치율(CR%)은 8개 핵심집단 모두 유의한 수준을 보였다. 4. 8개의 모든 핵심집단이 원수집단과 평균치에서 차이가 없고, 높은 다양성을 과 동질한 분포를 보이며, 평균차율(MD%)과 일치율(CR%)이 유의한 수준을 보여 원수집단의 다양성을잘 나타내는 것으로 해석되었다. 5. 핵심수집단 크기(10%와 15%)에 따른 다양성은 유의한차이가 없었으며, 8개의 핵심집단 중 평균치, 동질분포, 일치율 및 도복내성을 고려할 때 UNPPr이 가장 좋은 핵심집단으로 사료되었다.

Priority rules or sequencing heuristics conventionally used to determine resource allocation is to maximize the earned value on time and cost. This study provides a effective strategy-oriented approach for the program resource management problem with limi

패러디는 기존 저작물에 독창적인 변용을 가하여 새로운 의미를 창출해내는 작업이다. 이로 인해 저작권법상 원저작권자와 패러디물 저작자 간의 긴장관계가 형성된다. 한국의 저작권법은 1차적으로 원저작권자의 저작재산권 및 저작인격권을 보호한다. 그러나 이러한 보호는 저작권법 제13조 제2항 제5호 및 제28조에 의하여 일정 부분 제한된다. 이들 예외 조항은 구체적인 기준을 제시하고 있지 않고 다만 포괄적인 기준만을 제시하고 있다. 패러디 항변에 익숙한 미국 저작권법 체계에서는 이와 관련한 상당한 경험이 축적되어 있으므로, 한국의 사법부 역시 그러한 경험에 의존하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 한국의 패러디 판례는 저작권법 제13조와 제28조의 구체적 기준을 제시하고 있는 것으로 보이는데, 이는 미국 법원의‘공정이용’법리적용과 매우 흡사하다. 공정이용에 의한 원저작권자의 권리 제한은 결국 패러디물 작성자에게 권리를 배분하는 역할을 한다. 원저작자와 패러디물 작성자간의 권리 배분이 어떻게 이루어져야 하는가에 관한 질문은 궁극적으로 2차적저작물 작성권에 대한 윤리적 고찰문제와 연결되어 있다. 본고에서는 여러 윤리적 사고의 틀, 그중에서도 공리주의적 관점에서 권리의 배분 문제를 검토하였다. 즉, 원저작자와 일반 공중, 정부 사이에 권리 배분이 어떻게 이루어질 수 있으며 각각의 경우 어떠한 공리주의적 검토가 가능한지 살펴보았다. 물론 이러한 검토가 가장 최적의 권리 분배를 보장하는 대안을 제시해 주지는 못한다. 그러나 이 작업은 패러디 항변과 관련하여‘공정이용’법리에만 전적으로 의존하고 있는 한국 저작권법 체계에 대하여 비판적 사고의 틀을 제공해줄 것이다. 예컨대, 금반언 이론, 포화성의 예외, 사전적 라이선스 의무제도 등이‘공정이론’에 대한 대안으로 제시될 수 있다.

특허권자는 직무발명과 관련하여 특허출원서에 기재된 발명자에게 정당한 보상금을 지급하여야 할 의무를 가지게 된다. 특히 공동연구개발의 주체가 되는 교수와 함께 연구를 수행한 대학원생은 어떠한 방법으로 어느 범위까지 발명자의 대상과 범위에 포함되어서 정당한 보상금을 받을 수 있는가 하는 점이 중요하다. 공동연구의 상당부분은 산학협력단이 수주자(계약 당사자)가 되고, 실제 연구개발을 수행하는 주체는 수주자의 소속으로 교수와 대학원생이 된다. 대학원생은 연구원 또는 연구보조원 등의 형태의 피용자로서의 지위가 명시되어 있다. 따라서 대학원생이 실제 연구에 참여하여 특허법상의 발명자에 해당하는 경우에는 반드시 특허출원서의 발명자란에 대학원생이 발명자로 기재하여야 한다. 그러나 현실은 교수만을 발명자로 기재하고 있으므로, 대학원생이 공동 발명자로써 적절한 법적보호를 받고 있지 못하고 있다. 따라서 대학원생이 대학교와 고용관계에 있지 않다고 하더라도 공동연구계약에 의하여 발명진흥법의 직무발명자에 해당할 수 있다는 내용을 대학직무발명규정에 반영해야 한다. 또한 대학원생이 공동연구 수행자로 실제 공동 발명자에 해당하는 경우, 그 발명은 직무발명에 해당하여 특허출원할 수 있는 권리를 산학협력단이 가진다는 규정도 필요하다. 즉, 대학원생은 특허출원서의 발명자란에는 대학원생의 설명을 반드시 기재하여야 하고, 특허를 받은 경우에는 대학원생에게 정당한 보상금을 지급한다는 규정이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

This paper investigates the effects of time constraints on writing performance of Korean college students by comparing the overall quality of two types of writing samples-the term paper with a 5-week time allowance and the in-class timed essay with 30-minute time constraints. Thirty-nine college students majoring in Englishlanguage education participated in the study, and their compositions were compared in terms of 5 criteria. To ensure the compatibility of the two different types of tasks, two textbook passages whose topic was similar to each other were presented to the students. The writing task in both conditions was to build a lesson plan in an essay format explicitly detailing the rationale for each activity. The t-test results suggest a meaningful difference in the areas of content, language use, and mechanics; but not in organization and vocabulary. The results indicate that there are limitations on measuring students’ writing ability under timed conditions, which was also validated by survey responses collected at the end of the experiment. Implications for writing assessment are offered.

Recently, to improve operating efficiency with the higher in-line rate in automated production lines, a lot of cases of grouping machines and material handling system together to form a cluster has shown frequently. This article addresses the job allocati